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Evaluation of a domain-aware approach to user model interoperability 用户模型互操作性领域感知方法的评估
Eddie Walsh, A. O'Connor, V. Wade
It is becoming increasingly important to facilitate the integrated management of user information. Exchanging user information across heterogeneous systems has many benefits, particularly in enhancing the quality and quantity of user information available for personalization. One common approach to user model interoperability is the use of mapping tools to manually build rich executable mappings between user models. A key problem with existing approaches is that the mapping tools are often too generic for these specialized tasks and do not provide any support to an administrator mapping in a specific domain such as user models. This paper presents a novel approach to user model interoperability which lowers the complexity and provides support to administrators in completing user model mappings. The domain-aware approach to user model interoperability incorporates interchangeable domain knowledge directly into the integration tools. This approach was implemented in a system called FUMES which is a mapping creation and execution environment that includes two domain-aware mechanisms; a canonical user model and user model mapping types. FUMES was deployed in an integration of existing user models and the domain-aware approach was then evaluated in a user study. The evaluation consisted of a direct comparison with a generic approach to user model interoperability which was applied using the commercial mapping tool, Altova Mapforce. The results of this evaluation demonstrate improvements in mapping accuracy and usability when using the domain-aware approach compared to the generic mapping approach.
促进用户信息的综合管理变得越来越重要。跨异构系统交换用户信息有很多好处,特别是在提高可用于个性化的用户信息的质量和数量方面。用户模型互操作性的一种常见方法是使用映射工具在用户模型之间手动构建丰富的可执行映射。现有方法的一个关键问题是,对于这些专门的任务,映射工具通常过于通用,并且不为特定领域(如用户模型)中的管理员映射提供任何支持。本文提出了一种新的用户模型互操作方法,降低了用户模型互操作的复杂性,并为管理员完成用户模型映射提供了支持。用户模型互操作性的领域感知方法将可互换的领域知识直接集成到集成工具中。这种方法是在一个名为“烟雾”的系统中实现的,该系统是一个映射创建和执行环境,包括两个领域感知机制;规范用户模型和用户模型映射类型。在现有用户模型的集成中部署了烟雾,然后在用户研究中评估了领域感知方法。评估包括与使用商业地图工具Altova Mapforce应用的用户模型互操作性的通用方法进行直接比较。该评估的结果表明,与通用映射方法相比,使用领域感知方法在映射精度和可用性方面有所改进。
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引用次数: 2
Building enriched web page representations using link paths 使用链接路径构建丰富的网页表示
Tim Weninger, ChengXiang Zhai, Jiawei Han
Anchor text has a history of enriching documents for a variety of tasks within the World Wide Web. Anchor texts are useful because they are similar to typical Web queries, and because they express the document's context. Therefore, it is a common practice for Web search engines to incorporate incoming anchor text into the document's standard textual representation. However, this approach will not suffice for documents with very few inlinks, and it does not incorporate the document's full context. To mediate these problems, we employ link paths, which contain anchor texts from paths through the Web ending at the document in question. We propose and study several different ways to aggregate anchor text from link paths, and we show that the information from link paths can be used to (1) improve known item search in site-specific search, and (2) map Web pages to database records. We rigorously evaluate our proposed approach on several real world test collections. We find that our approach significantly improves performance over baseline and existing techniques in both tasks.
锚文本具有丰富万维网内各种任务的文档的历史。锚文本很有用,因为它们类似于典型的Web查询,而且它们表达了文档的上下文。因此,对于Web搜索引擎来说,将输入的锚文本合并到文档的标准文本表示中是一种常见的做法。但是,这种方法对于链接很少的文档是不够的,而且它没有包含文档的完整上下文。为了解决这些问题,我们使用了链接路径,它包含了以问题文档结尾的Web路径中的锚文本。我们提出并研究了几种不同的从链接路径聚合锚文本的方法,并表明链接路径的信息可用于(1)改进特定站点搜索中的已知项目搜索,以及(2)将网页映射到数据库记录。我们在几个真实世界的测试集合上严格地评估了我们提出的方法。我们发现,在这两个任务中,我们的方法比基线和现有技术显著提高了性能。
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引用次数: 5
Measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in tagging systems 测量标签推荐器对标签系统中索引质量的影响
Klaas Dellschaft, Steffen Staab
In this paper, we investigate a methodology for measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in collaborative tagging systems. We propose to use the inter-resource consistency as an indicator of indexing quality. The inter-resource consistency measures the degree to which the tag vectors of indexed resources reflect how the users understand the resources. We use this methodology for evaluating how tag recommendations coming from (1) the popular tags at a resource or from (2) the user's own vocabulary influence the indexing quality. We show that recommending popular tags decreases the indexing quality and that recommending the user's own vocabulary increases the indexing quality.
在本文中,我们研究了一种测量标签推荐器对协作标记系统中索引质量影响的方法。我们建议使用资源间一致性作为索引质量的指标。资源间一致性度量索引资源的标记向量反映用户如何理解资源的程度。我们使用这种方法来评估来自(1)资源中的流行标签或(2)用户自己的词汇表的标签推荐如何影响索引质量。我们发现推荐流行标签会降低索引质量,而推荐用户自己的词汇会提高索引质量。
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引用次数: 12
On the rise of artificial trending topics in twitter 关于推特上人工热门话题的兴起
R. Recuero, Ricardo Araujo
We present a quanti-qualitative research about Trending Topics in Twitter. Our goal was to investigate how social networks can interfere in Trending Topics seeking for visibility and based on social capital, using bridging and bonding ties. We collected, analyzed and classified 460 topics from the Brazilian Trending Topics' List and the social networks associated to 40 of those. Our results point to two types of topics: artificial topics, created by groups of users consciously acting to put their message among the Trending Topics, usually to make statements and gain visibility to their causes; and organic topics, which emerge without effortful coordination by a group of people. While organic topics rely on values such as novelty and spread through bridging ties, artificial topics are based on bonding ties, with associated values such as engagement, cooperation and trust among the actors.
我们提出了一项关于Twitter热门话题的定量定性研究。我们的目标是调查社交网络如何干扰趋势话题寻求可见性,并基于社会资本,使用桥接和纽带关系。我们从巴西趋势话题列表中收集、分析并分类了460个话题,以及与其中40个话题相关的社交网络。我们的研究结果指出了两种类型的话题:人工话题,由用户群体有意识地将他们的信息放在热门话题中,通常是为了发表声明并获得他们的事业的知名度;有机话题,不需要一群人的努力协调。有机话题依赖于新颖性等价值观,并通过桥接关系传播,而人工话题基于粘合关系,具有参与者之间的参与、合作和信任等相关价值观。
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引用次数: 13
SHI3LD: an access control framework for the mobile web of data SHI3LD:移动数据网络的访问控制框架
Luca Costabello, S. Villata, Nicolas Delaforge, Fabien L. Gandon
We present Shi3ld, a context-aware access control framework for consuming the Web of Data from mobile devices.
我们提出了shild,一个上下文感知的访问控制框架,用于从移动设备消费数据网络。
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引用次数: 7
Graph and matrix metrics to analyze ergodic literature for children 图表和矩阵度量分析儿童遍历文学
Eugenia-Maria Kontopoulou, Maria Predari, Thymios Kostakis, Efstratios Gallopoulos
What can graph and matrix based mathematical models tell us about ergodic literature? A digraph of storylets connected by links and the corresponding adjacency matrix encoding is used to formulate some queries regarding hypertexts of this type. It is reasoned that the Google random surfer provides a useful model for the behavior of the reader of such fiction. This motivates the use of graph and Web based metrics for ranking storylets and some other tasks. A dataset, termed childif, based on printed books from three series popular with children and young adults and its characteristics are described. Two link-based metrics, SMrank and versions of PageRank, are described and applied on childif to rank storylets. It is shown that several characteristics of these stories can be expressed as and computed with matrix operations. An interpretation of the ranking results is provided. Results on some acyclic digraphs indicate that the rankings convey useful information regarding plot development. In conclusion, using matrix and graph theoretic techniques one can extract useful information from this type of ergodic literature that would be harder to obtain by simply reading it or by examining the underlying digraph.
基于图形和矩阵的数学模型能告诉我们关于遍历文学的什么?使用由链接连接的故事情节的有向图和相应的邻接矩阵编码来制定关于这种类型的超文本的一些查询。有理由认为,谷歌随机冲浪者为这类小说的读者的行为提供了一个有用的模型。这促使使用基于图形和Web的指标来对故事情节和其他任务进行排名。描述了一个名为“儿童”的数据集,该数据集基于受儿童和年轻人欢迎的三个系列的印刷书籍及其特征。两个基于链接的指标,SMrank和PageRank的版本,被描述并应用于儿童对故事进行排名。结果表明,这些层的若干特征可以用矩阵运算表示和计算。给出了对排名结果的解释。一些无环有向图的结果表明,排名传达了有关情节发展的有用信息。总之,使用矩阵和图论技术,人们可以从这种类型的遍历文献中提取有用的信息,这些信息很难通过简单地阅读或检查底层有向图来获得。
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引用次数: 4
Structuring folksonomies with implicit tag relations 使用隐式标签关系构建大众分类法
F. Matthes, C. Neubert, Alexander Steinhoff
Tagging systems allow users to assign arbitrary text labels (i.e., tags) to various types of resources, such as photos or web pages, to facilitate future retrieval and selective sharing of contents. The resulting system of classification is referred to as a folksonomy. The uncontrolled nature of tags leads to inconsistencies in the usage of terms which impairs the utility of the system. Approaches to this problem that map tags to concepts of external knowledge representations, such as ontologies, are often inapplicable since they require that corresponding concepts exist and that they reflect the meaning of tags as intended by the users. In this paper, we present the notion of implicit tag relations. Our aim is to improve the accessibility of contents in tagging systems without significantly reducing the flexibility and universal applicability of tags. Instead of explicitly relating tags to each other, we propose to give users the ability to retroactively alter folksonomies by changing the tags of many resources with a single operation. This way, the usage of tags can be harmonized and it can be controlled how they are used in combination. We highlight the benefits of our approach compared to explicit tag relations and discuss important implications as well as its limitations.
标签系统允许用户为各种类型的资源(如照片或网页)分配任意的文本标签(即标签),以方便将来检索和有选择地共享内容。由此产生的分类系统被称为民间分类学。标签的不受控制的性质导致术语使用的不一致,这损害了系统的效用。将标签映射到外部知识表示(如本体)的概念的方法通常是不适用的,因为它们要求存在相应的概念,并且它们反映了用户所期望的标签的含义。本文提出了隐式标签关系的概念。我们的目标是在不显著降低标签的灵活性和普遍适用性的情况下,提高标签系统中内容的可访问性。我们不需要显式地将标签彼此关联起来,而是建议让用户能够通过单个操作更改许多资源的标签来追溯地更改大众分类法。这样,标签的使用就可以协调一致,并且可以控制它们如何组合使用。我们强调了与显式标签关系相比,我们的方法的好处,并讨论了重要的含义以及它的局限性。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluating tag-based information access in image collections 评估图像集合中基于标签的信息访问
C. Trattner, Yi-ling Lin, Denis Parra, Zhen Yue, William Real, Peter Brusilovsky
The availability of social tags has greatly enhanced access to information. Tag clouds have emerged as a new "social" way to find and visualize information, providing both one-click access to information and a snapshot of the "aboutness" of a tagged collection. A range of research projects explored and compared different tag artifacts for information access ranging from regular tag clouds to tag hierarchies. At the same time, there is a lack of user studies that compare the effectiveness of different types of tag-based browsing interfaces from the users point of view. This paper contributes to the research on tag-based information access by presenting a controlled user study that compared three types of tag-based interfaces on two recognized types of search tasks -- lookup and exploratory search. Our results demonstrate that tag-based browsing interfaces significantly outperform traditional search interfaces in both performance and user satisfaction. At the same time, the differences between the two types of tag-based browsing interfaces explored in our study are not as clear.
社会标签的可用性极大地增强了对信息的访问。标签云已经成为一种新的“社交”方式来查找和可视化信息,它既提供了对信息的一键访问,也提供了对被标记集合的“相关性”的快照。一系列研究项目探索和比较了从常规标记云到标记层次结构的信息访问的不同标记工件。同时,缺乏从用户角度比较不同类型的基于标签的浏览界面的有效性的用户研究。本文对基于标签的信息访问的研究做出了贡献,通过提供一个受控的用户研究,比较了两种公认的搜索任务类型——查找和探索性搜索上的三种基于标签的界面。我们的研究结果表明,基于标签的浏览界面在性能和用户满意度方面都明显优于传统的搜索界面。与此同时,我们研究的两种基于标签的浏览界面之间的差异并不明显。
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引用次数: 33
Semantics + filtering + search = twitcident. exploring information in social web streams 语义+过滤+搜索= twitcident。在社交网络流中探索信息
F. Abel, C. Hauff, G. Houben, R.J.P. Stronkman, Ke Tao
Automatically filtering relevant information about a real-world incident from Social Web streams and making the information accessible and findable in the given context of the incident are non-trivial scientific challenges. In this paper, we engineer and evaluate solutions that analyze the semantics of Social Web data streams to solve these challenges. We introduce Twitcident, a framework and Web-based system for filtering, searching and analyzing information about real-world incidents or crises. Given an incident, our framework automatically starts tracking and filtering information that is relevant for the incident from Social Web streams and Twitter particularly. It enriches the semantics of streamed messages to profile incidents and to continuously improve and adapt the information filtering to the current temporal context. Faceted search and analytical tools allow people and emergency services to retrieve particular information fragments and overview and analyze the current situation as reported on the Social Web. We put our Twitcident system into practice by connecting it to emergency broadcasting services in the Netherlands to allow for the retrieval of relevant information from Twitter streams for any incident that is reported by those services. We conduct large-scale experiments in which we evaluate (i) strategies for filtering relevant information for a given incident and (ii) search strategies for finding particular information pieces. Our results prove that the semantic enrichment offered by our framework leads to major and significant improvements of both the filtering and the search performance. A demonstration is available via: http://wis.ewi.tudelft.nl/twitcident/
从社交网络流中自动过滤有关现实世界事件的相关信息,并使信息在事件的给定上下文中可访问和可查找,这是一项非同小可的科学挑战。在本文中,我们设计和评估了分析社交网络数据流语义的解决方案,以解决这些挑战。我们介绍Twitcident,这是一个框架和基于web的系统,用于过滤、搜索和分析有关现实世界事件或危机的信息。给定一个事件,我们的框架自动开始跟踪和过滤与事件相关的信息,特别是来自社交网络流和Twitter。它丰富了流消息的语义,以描述事件,并不断改进和调整信息过滤以适应当前的时间上下文。分面搜索和分析工具允许人们和紧急服务部门检索特定的信息片段,并概述和分析在社交网络上报告的当前情况。我们将Twitcident系统投入实践,将其与荷兰的紧急广播服务连接起来,以便从Twitter流中检索由这些服务报告的任何事件的相关信息。我们进行了大规模的实验,其中我们评估了(i)针对给定事件过滤相关信息的策略和(ii)查找特定信息片段的搜索策略。我们的结果证明,我们的框架提供的语义丰富导致过滤和搜索性能的重大和显著的改进。可通过http://wis.ewi.tudelft.nl/twitcident/获得演示
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引用次数: 153
Query prediction with context models for populating personal linked data caches 使用上下文模型进行查询预测,用于填充个人链接数据缓存
O. Hartig, T. Heath
The emergence of a Web of Linked Data [2] enables new forms of application that require expressive query access, for which mature, Web-scale information retrieval techniques may not be suited. Rather than attempting to deliver expressive query capabilities at Web-scale, we propose the use of smaller, pre-populated data caches whose contents are personalized to the needs of an individual user. Such caches can act as personal data stores supporting a range of different applications. Furthermore, we discuss a user evaluation which demonstrates that our approach can accurately predict queries and their execution probability, thereby optimizing the cache population process. In this paper we formally introduce a strategy for predicting queries that can then be used to inform an a priori population of a personal cache of Linked Data harvested from Web. Based on a comprehensive user evaluation we demonstrate that our approach can accurately predict queries and their execution probability, thereby optimizing the cache population process.
关联数据网络[2]的出现使需要表达性查询访问的新形式的应用程序成为可能,而成熟的、网络规模的信息检索技术可能不适合这些应用程序。我们建议使用较小的、预先填充的数据缓存,其内容根据单个用户的需要进行个性化处理,而不是试图在web规模上提供富有表现力的查询功能。这些缓存可以作为支持一系列不同应用程序的个人数据存储。此外,我们讨论了一个用户评估,该评估表明我们的方法可以准确地预测查询及其执行概率,从而优化缓存填充过程。在本文中,我们正式介绍了一种预测查询的策略,该策略可用于通知从Web获取的个人关联数据缓存的先验人群。基于全面的用户评估,我们证明了我们的方法可以准确地预测查询及其执行概率,从而优化缓存填充过程。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
HT ... : the proceedings of the ... ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
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