: Treating hyperpigmentation can be challenging and an expanded arsenal is needed to aid in the improvement of topical treatments. The current gold standard treatment is hydroquinone. However, it has been associated with a number of adverse effects, including skin irritation, contact dermatitis, and exogenous ochronosis in people of darker complexion. Cosmeceuticals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids containing biologically active ingredients that may improve the appearance of skin and are increasingly popular alternatives to standard agents. Among cosmeceuticals, plant derived compounds, known as phytochemicals, have been shown to have a multitude of cellular actions for various dermatological diseases. This review examines the latest clinical studies using plant-derived compounds and their effectiveness in the management of hyperpigmentation disorders.
{"title":"Phytochemicals in the treatment of hyperpigmentation","authors":"Ashley K Clark, R. Sivamani","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S69113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S69113","url":null,"abstract":": Treating hyperpigmentation can be challenging and an expanded arsenal is needed to aid in the improvement of topical treatments. The current gold standard treatment is hydroquinone. However, it has been associated with a number of adverse effects, including skin irritation, contact dermatitis, and exogenous ochronosis in people of darker complexion. Cosmeceuticals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids containing biologically active ingredients that may improve the appearance of skin and are increasingly popular alternatives to standard agents. Among cosmeceuticals, plant derived compounds, known as phytochemicals, have been shown to have a multitude of cellular actions for various dermatological diseases. This review examines the latest clinical studies using plant-derived compounds and their effectiveness in the management of hyperpigmentation disorders.","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S69113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chung-Hsin Wu, Chih-Hsiang Hsu, sheue-er Wang, Ching-Lung Lin, S. Sheu
php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2016:6 75–88 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"Remission roles of the herbal formula B401 in mice with manganese-induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Chung-Hsin Wu, Chih-Hsiang Hsu, sheue-er Wang, Ching-Lung Lin, S. Sheu","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S108648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S108648","url":null,"abstract":"php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2016:6 75–88 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S108648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Rosa canina fruits (often known as rose hip) have been used in herbal remedies since ancient times. On the basis of anecdotal reports about the effects of rose hip preparations on human health and citations to the same in ancient texts, in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted that have made it possible to learn about some active ingredients in rose hip, as well as how the component compounds might exert their effects. From such studies, it has been documented that there is a great variation in active ingredients when comparing different rose hip products. Factors which affect the quality and quantity of active ingredients in the rose hip products include the subspecies of the particular R. canina from which the fruits are harvested, the environment during plant growth, time of harvesting, and the amount of seeds and shells/husks incorporated into the preparation. Studies in animals and in humans are of great importance for determining the true bio-effects of rose hip. Such in vivo studies that have only been performed during the last 2 decades indicate that the treatment of patients with different types of joint disease with rose hip powder based on a subspecies of R. canina (Lito) containing a certain galactolipid (GOPO) can alleviate pain, improve daily activity, and even reduce the consumption of regular pain relievers. As several rose hip components have been shown to be anti-inflammatory, it is suggested that anti-inflammatory mechanisms might explain some reductions in symptoms associated with administering rose hip to arthritic conditions. Although the number of publications of randomized and placebo-controlled clinic studies with rose hip is small, the overriding evidence is that the anti-inflammatory effects from administration of rose hip preparations containing both shells and seeds are superior to preparations containing shells alone.
{"title":"The role of rose hip ( Rosa canina L) powder in alleviating arthritis pain and inflammation – part II animal and human studies","authors":"K. Marstrand, J. Campbell-Tofte","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S55573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S55573","url":null,"abstract":": Rosa canina fruits (often known as rose hip) have been used in herbal remedies since ancient times. On the basis of anecdotal reports about the effects of rose hip preparations on human health and citations to the same in ancient texts, in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted that have made it possible to learn about some active ingredients in rose hip, as well as how the component compounds might exert their effects. From such studies, it has been documented that there is a great variation in active ingredients when comparing different rose hip products. Factors which affect the quality and quantity of active ingredients in the rose hip products include the subspecies of the particular R. canina from which the fruits are harvested, the environment during plant growth, time of harvesting, and the amount of seeds and shells/husks incorporated into the preparation. Studies in animals and in humans are of great importance for determining the true bio-effects of rose hip. Such in vivo studies that have only been performed during the last 2 decades indicate that the treatment of patients with different types of joint disease with rose hip powder based on a subspecies of R. canina (Lito) containing a certain galactolipid (GOPO) can alleviate pain, improve daily activity, and even reduce the consumption of regular pain relievers. As several rose hip components have been shown to be anti-inflammatory, it is suggested that anti-inflammatory mechanisms might explain some reductions in symptoms associated with administering rose hip to arthritic conditions. Although the number of publications of randomized and placebo-controlled clinic studies with rose hip is small, the overriding evidence is that the anti-inflammatory effects from administration of rose hip preparations containing both shells and seeds are superior to preparations containing shells alone.","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S55573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68306708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Wu, Yong Zhang, Suni Tang, M. Ye, Junxuan Lu, Cheng Jiang
: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese or Tanshen in Anglicized literature) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal remedy for treating cardiovascular- and cerebrovascular-related disorders. To date, . 40 hydrophorbic tanshinones and structurally related compounds have been isolated from the Danshen root, as have some 50 hydrophilic phenolics and other minor components. In the past 2 decades, a large quantity of literature has reported inhibitory activities of tanshinones against cancers of various organ sites in cell culture models, and in some cases with efficacy confirmation in preclinical animal cancer models. This study follows up on a 2012 review we published on the sources, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activities of tanshinones. Here, we update on the recent progress in understanding the anticancer potential of tanshinones and derivatives and critically assess merits of these entities for future research and development. Overall, potency data from in vivo efficacy assessment experiments in preclinical models varied from nil for chemoprevention of a prostate carcinogenesis model to strong inhibition of some xenograft or allograft models. Lack of uniformity of excipients, doses, and routes of administration aside, we caution that the reviewed data should be appreciated in balance of publication bias exemplified by our own data from primary carcinogenesis study and false positivity. Novel formulations and chemical modifications had been made to improve the poor solubility and bioavailability of tanshinones. Human clinical studies so far dealt with case reports of tanshinone IIA use and small-scale trials on Danshen-containing formulas with chemotherapy for cancers of multiple organ sites in People’s Republic of China. Available human data are not sufficient for supporting any anticancer indication of tanshinones.
{"title":"Anticancer potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its tanshinones: an efficacy perspective","authors":"Wei Wu, Yong Zhang, Suni Tang, M. Ye, Junxuan Lu, Cheng Jiang","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S68097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S68097","url":null,"abstract":": Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese or Tanshen in Anglicized literature) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal remedy for treating cardiovascular- and cerebrovascular-related disorders. To date, . 40 hydrophorbic tanshinones and structurally related compounds have been isolated from the Danshen root, as have some 50 hydrophilic phenolics and other minor components. In the past 2 decades, a large quantity of literature has reported inhibitory activities of tanshinones against cancers of various organ sites in cell culture models, and in some cases with efficacy confirmation in preclinical animal cancer models. This study follows up on a 2012 review we published on the sources, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activities of tanshinones. Here, we update on the recent progress in understanding the anticancer potential of tanshinones and derivatives and critically assess merits of these entities for future research and development. Overall, potency data from in vivo efficacy assessment experiments in preclinical models varied from nil for chemoprevention of a prostate carcinogenesis model to strong inhibition of some xenograft or allograft models. Lack of uniformity of excipients, doses, and routes of administration aside, we caution that the reviewed data should be appreciated in balance of publication bias exemplified by our own data from primary carcinogenesis study and false positivity. Novel formulations and chemical modifications had been made to improve the poor solubility and bioavailability of tanshinones. Human clinical studies so far dealt with case reports of tanshinone IIA use and small-scale trials on Danshen-containing formulas with chemotherapy for cancers of multiple organ sites in People’s Republic of China. Available human data are not sufficient for supporting any anticancer indication of tanshinones.","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S68097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Salvia species have been used as traditional medicine in many countries for a long time for health benefits. More importantly, in recent decades, the extracts of Salvia species have been shown to exhibit significant anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo on a wide range of cancer types. Therefore, this review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the extracts from Salvia species, which reveals the potential of these species, especially Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia officinalis , to be used as natural anticancer agents or auxiliary agents and bring new insights for further research and development of the genus Salvia .
{"title":"The anticancer properties of phytochemical extracts from Salvia plants","authors":"Yuanyuan Jiang, Li Zhang, H. Rupasinghe","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S98610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S98610","url":null,"abstract":": Salvia species have been used as traditional medicine in many countries for a long time for health benefits. More importantly, in recent decades, the extracts of Salvia species have been shown to exhibit significant anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo on a wide range of cancer types. Therefore, this review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the extracts from Salvia species, which reveals the potential of these species, especially Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia officinalis , to be used as natural anticancer agents or auxiliary agents and bring new insights for further research and development of the genus Salvia .","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S98610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Rosa canina pseudo fruits, often referred to as rose hips, have been used as herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years, yet research has only recently begun to clarify specific mechanisms by which this plant product affects human health. Numerous compounds have been identified, and speculations of their bioactivity have implicated flavonoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids (FAs). With more than 4,500 representatives, flavonoids have been subjected to compre-hensive research, with results that suggest various individual structures may be health-promoting compounds, also in rose hips. The importance of carotenoids from R. canina is currently being debated, because the demonstration of specific bioactivity among this group is presently less clear. The benefits of specific FAs have been investigated for decades, and several types of FAs are termed “essential” for human health. The specific mechanisms for bioactivity associated with three FAs that are abundant in R. canina fruits have been clarified in research. For example, linoleic acid, α -linolenic acid (mostly present in the seeds from R. canina ) and a galactolipid ((2 S )-1,2-di- O -[(9 Z ,12 Z ,15 Z )-octadeca-9-12-15-trienoyl]-3- O - β - d -galactopyranosyl glycerol), referred to as GOPO, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the published literature on rose hip research, with emphasis on the broadness and varying significance of the publications. Initially, we describe the chemical ingredients of R. canina pseudo fruits, with some focus on what ingredients are found in the whole pseudo fruit and what we know is confined to the seeds (achene seeds), and/or the shells (hypanthium). Then, we evaluate important papers describing the in vitro investigations of the bioactivity and impacts of the constituents of rose hip.
犬蔷薇的假果实，通常被称为玫瑰果，作为草药已经使用了2000多年，但研究直到最近才开始阐明这种植物产品影响人类健康的具体机制。已经鉴定了许多化合物，并推测其生物活性涉及类黄酮，类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸(FAs)。对超过4500名代表的类黄酮进行了全面的研究，结果表明，不同的个体结构可能是促进健康的化合物，玫瑰果也是如此。类胡萝卜素的重要性目前还在争论中，因为在这个群体中具体的生物活性目前还不太清楚。几十年来，人们一直在研究特定脂肪酸的益处，有几种类型的脂肪酸被称为人类健康的“必需”脂肪酸。目前，研究人员已经明确了犬鼠果实中富含的三种脂肪酸的作用机制。例如，亚油酸、α -亚麻酸(主要存在于犬鼠属植物的种子中)和半乳糖脂((2 S)-1,2-二- O -[(9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-十八烷基-9-12-15-三烯基]-3- O - β -d -半乳糖酰丙基甘油)，被称为GOPO，已被证明具有抗炎特性。本综述的目的是批判性地分析已发表的玫瑰果研究文献，重点是出版物的广泛性和不同的意义。首先，我们描述了狗狗假果实的化学成分，重点介绍了在整个假果实中发现的成分，以及我们所知道的仅限于种子(瘦果种子)和/或壳(托杯)的成分。然后，我们评估了描述玫瑰果成分生物活性和影响的体外研究的重要论文。
{"title":"Bioactive ingredients of rose hips (Rosa canina L) with special reference to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties: in vitro studies","authors":"K. Winther, J. Campbell-Tofte, A. Hansen","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S91385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S91385","url":null,"abstract":": Rosa canina pseudo fruits, often referred to as rose hips, have been used as herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years, yet research has only recently begun to clarify specific mechanisms by which this plant product affects human health. Numerous compounds have been identified, and speculations of their bioactivity have implicated flavonoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids (FAs). With more than 4,500 representatives, flavonoids have been subjected to compre-hensive research, with results that suggest various individual structures may be health-promoting compounds, also in rose hips. The importance of carotenoids from R. canina is currently being debated, because the demonstration of specific bioactivity among this group is presently less clear. The benefits of specific FAs have been investigated for decades, and several types of FAs are termed “essential” for human health. The specific mechanisms for bioactivity associated with three FAs that are abundant in R. canina fruits have been clarified in research. For example, linoleic acid, α -linolenic acid (mostly present in the seeds from R. canina ) and a galactolipid ((2 S )-1,2-di- O -[(9 Z ,12 Z ,15 Z )-octadeca-9-12-15-trienoyl]-3- O - β - d -galactopyranosyl glycerol), referred to as GOPO, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the published literature on rose hip research, with emphasis on the broadness and varying significance of the publications. Initially, we describe the chemical ingredients of R. canina pseudo fruits, with some focus on what ingredients are found in the whole pseudo fruit and what we know is confined to the seeds (achene seeds), and/or the shells (hypanthium). Then, we evaluate important papers describing the in vitro investigations of the bioactivity and impacts of the constituents of rose hip.","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S91385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Miyoshi, M. Pervin, Takuji Suzuki, K. Unno, M. Isemura, Yoriyuki Nakamura
Tea is derived from the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) plant, and is consumed worldwide. Green tea was discovered in the People's Republic of China approxi- mately 3,000 BC. Lu Yu (733-803) published a book that describes the history of tea, the techniques, and utensils used for manufacturing, the method of preparation, and drinking of tea in the People's Republic of China. Green tea contains various components with specific health- promoting effects and is believed to exert protective effects against diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, hepatitis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Of the various tea components, the polyphenol catechins have been the subject of extensive investigation. Among the catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest bioactivity in most cases. Caffeine induces alert- ness, decreases the sensation of fatigue, and has a diuretic effect. Theanine and γ-aminobutyric acid can lower the blood pressure and regulate brain function. Vitamin C exhibits antiscorbutic activity, prevents cataracts, and may boost the immune system. Majority of the scientific evi - dence based on cellular and animal experiments as well as a number of human epidemiological and intervention studies indicate that green tea and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate have beneficial health effects against various diseases. However, conflicting results have also been reported. Since confounding factors could affect the results, future studies should be designed to elimi- nate such factors for better understanding of the benefits of green tea on human health. Genetic and environmental factors such as race, sex, age, and lifestyle may also influence the results of human studies. Although care should be taken to avoid the consumption of green tea and supplements with very high catechin content, recent findings suggest that habitual drinking of green tea promotes longevity.
{"title":"Green tea catechins for well-being and therapy: prospects and opportunities","authors":"N. Miyoshi, M. Pervin, Takuji Suzuki, K. Unno, M. Isemura, Yoriyuki Nakamura","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S91784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S91784","url":null,"abstract":"Tea is derived from the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) plant, and is consumed worldwide. Green tea was discovered in the People's Republic of China approxi- mately 3,000 BC. Lu Yu (733-803) published a book that describes the history of tea, the techniques, and utensils used for manufacturing, the method of preparation, and drinking of tea in the People's Republic of China. Green tea contains various components with specific health- promoting effects and is believed to exert protective effects against diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, hepatitis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Of the various tea components, the polyphenol catechins have been the subject of extensive investigation. Among the catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest bioactivity in most cases. Caffeine induces alert- ness, decreases the sensation of fatigue, and has a diuretic effect. Theanine and γ-aminobutyric acid can lower the blood pressure and regulate brain function. Vitamin C exhibits antiscorbutic activity, prevents cataracts, and may boost the immune system. Majority of the scientific evi - dence based on cellular and animal experiments as well as a number of human epidemiological and intervention studies indicate that green tea and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate have beneficial health effects against various diseases. However, conflicting results have also been reported. Since confounding factors could affect the results, future studies should be designed to elimi- nate such factors for better understanding of the benefits of green tea on human health. Genetic and environmental factors such as race, sex, age, and lifestyle may also influence the results of human studies. Although care should be taken to avoid the consumption of green tea and supplements with very high catechin content, recent findings suggest that habitual drinking of green tea promotes longevity.","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S91784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 77–84 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
许可证。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。有关如何请求许可的信息可在以下网址找到:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 77-84 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"DNA barcoding: a genomic-based tool for authentication of phytomedicinals and its products","authors":"K. Balachandran, S. Mohanasundaram, S. Ramalingam","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S61121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S61121","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 77–84 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S61121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68307034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2016:6 1–9 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
商用(未移植，v3.0) License。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。有关如何请求许可的信息可在以下网站找到:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2016:6 1-9 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"Standardization of Prasaplai, a Thai traditional preparation for antidysmenorrhea","authors":"W. Gritsanapan, P. Tangyuenyongwatana","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S56492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S56492","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2016:6 1–9 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S56492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68306853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 55–63 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
(未移植，v3.0) License。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。有关如何请求许可的信息可在以下网站找到:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 55-63 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"Recent perspectives on the medicinal potential of ginger","authors":"K. Gunathilake, Vasantha Rupasinghe","doi":"10.2147/BTAT.S68099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BTAT.S68099","url":null,"abstract":"(unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Botanics: Targets and Therapy 2015:5 55–63 Botanics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":91458,"journal":{"name":"Botanics : targets and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BTAT.S68099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68308418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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