Pub Date : 2016-10-07DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000221
M. Iqbal, Saleha Bibi
The present study presents the case of psychosis. The subject of the disorder was Mr. S (Initial instead of real name), 26 years old young man. Mr. S was having sign and symptoms of aggressive behaviour, auditory hallucinations, chronic headache, lack of concentration, depressed mood, anxiety and sleeping problem. These symptoms persisted for two years before he visited to the therapist. He visited different shrines, religious healers, and other means of the sort to solve his problems. The assessment was made after taking semi-structured interviews from Mr. S and his family members and through free writing. Problem was diagnosed with the help of DSM-V, Mr. S was diagnosed having sign and symptoms of schizophrenia with depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Treatment of Psychosis through Fear-Stimuli Identification Therapy (FSIT): A Case Report","authors":"M. Iqbal, Saleha Bibi","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"The present study presents the case of psychosis. The subject of the disorder was Mr. S (Initial instead of real name), 26 years old young man. Mr. S was having sign and symptoms of aggressive behaviour, auditory hallucinations, chronic headache, lack of concentration, depressed mood, anxiety and sleeping problem. These symptoms persisted for two years before he visited to the therapist. He visited different shrines, religious healers, and other means of the sort to solve his problems. The assessment was made after taking semi-structured interviews from Mr. S and his family members and through free writing. Problem was diagnosed with the help of DSM-V, Mr. S was diagnosed having sign and symptoms of schizophrenia with depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90279131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-07DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000222
G. Cornuțiu
Being a professor of psychiatry I submit my own vascular stroke episode, the evolution of the symptoms and the treatment to recovery.
作为一名精神病学教授，我提交了我自己的血管性中风发作，症状的演变和康复治疗。
{"title":"The Self-Analysis of a Clinical Neurological Case","authors":"G. Cornuțiu","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000222","url":null,"abstract":"Being a professor of psychiatry I submit my own vascular stroke episode, the evolution of the symptoms and the treatment to recovery.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76127322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-17DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000220
A. Lavano, A. Torre, G. Guzzi
Innovations in the field of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are introduced recently, considering that the fundamentals of DBS remained significantly unchanged over 25 years. Technological advances involve not only DBS hardware but also new patterns of stimulation, brain imaging and pathophysiological pathways. Every effort is done to obtain the best outcome for the patient with the lower adverse effects rates.
{"title":"Directional Deep Brain Stimulation","authors":"A. Lavano, A. Torre, G. Guzzi","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000220","url":null,"abstract":"Innovations in the field of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are introduced recently, considering that the fundamentals of DBS remained significantly unchanged over 25 years. Technological advances involve not only DBS hardware but also new patterns of stimulation, brain imaging and pathophysiological pathways. Every effort is done to obtain the best outcome for the patient with the lower adverse effects rates.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91042400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-29DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.C1.007
M. Friebe
{"title":"Conceptual idea for brain tumour treatment through intra-arterial pathways","authors":"M. Friebe","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.C1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.C1.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74266800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-29DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.C1.008
Guido Cavaletti
T of solid and hematological malignancies is still largely based on systemic chemotherapy, alone or in combination with surgery and or radiation treatment. In parallel with the improvement in anti-cancer therapy, the management of several among its most serious side effects became easier. However, other chemotherapy-related toxicities emerged as major clinical problems, sometimes requiring anticancer treatment modification or even withdrawal. Among them damage of the peripheral nervous system is particularly frequent and potentially severe after the administration of several widely-used compounds such as platinum-drugs, antitubulins, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. In view of a scenario showing higher efficacy of anti-cancer therapy leading to a high number of cancer-survivors, the relevance of long-lasting or permanent side effects has also become increasingly important, being chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) one of the most severe for its impact on treated subjects’ quality of life. Moreover, CIPN is associated with a remarkable increase in direct and indirect health-related cost in cancer patients. The most common entry sites into peripheral nervous system used by anticancer drugs are dorsal root ganglia and this might explain why sensory impairment is the most common clinical feature of CIPN. However, variable association with motor or autonomic damage is typical of the different drugs types. Moreover, neuropathic pain may be a common symptom, particularly with some of these compounds which are particularly toxic on small nerve fibers as it can be reproduced in relevant animal models.
{"title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity","authors":"Guido Cavaletti","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.C1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.C1.008","url":null,"abstract":"T of solid and hematological malignancies is still largely based on systemic chemotherapy, alone or in combination with surgery and or radiation treatment. In parallel with the improvement in anti-cancer therapy, the management of several among its most serious side effects became easier. However, other chemotherapy-related toxicities emerged as major clinical problems, sometimes requiring anticancer treatment modification or even withdrawal. Among them damage of the peripheral nervous system is particularly frequent and potentially severe after the administration of several widely-used compounds such as platinum-drugs, antitubulins, immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. In view of a scenario showing higher efficacy of anti-cancer therapy leading to a high number of cancer-survivors, the relevance of long-lasting or permanent side effects has also become increasingly important, being chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) one of the most severe for its impact on treated subjects’ quality of life. Moreover, CIPN is associated with a remarkable increase in direct and indirect health-related cost in cancer patients. The most common entry sites into peripheral nervous system used by anticancer drugs are dorsal root ganglia and this might explain why sensory impairment is the most common clinical feature of CIPN. However, variable association with motor or autonomic damage is typical of the different drugs types. Moreover, neuropathic pain may be a common symptom, particularly with some of these compounds which are particularly toxic on small nerve fibers as it can be reproduced in relevant animal models.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000219
J. Kostecki, M. Zaniewski, T. Urbanek, T. Korzeniowski, D. Ziaja, M. Sznapka
Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare pre- and post-operative blood flow through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, who were subjected to endovascular treatment. The results were correlated with respect to changes in the quality of life. Methods: 144 MS patients underwent endovascular treatment of the IJVs. The blood flow through the IJVs was assessed by the means of the Doppler ultrasonography. The clinical neurological evaluation was based on the various diagnostic tools (scales). The assessment of the blood flow through the IJVs and an evaluation of the quality of life changes were performed before surgery, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: A statistically significant increase in the blood flow through the IJVs was identified on both sides during all three postoperative controls. The relationship between the IJV flow changes and the parameters related to the quality of life assessment, a statistically significant positive correlation between the flow improvement in the right IJV and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, as well as Fatigue Severity Scale scores, were found. For the remaining evaluated scales (Expanded Disability Status Scale, Heat Intolerance Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale), as well for the flow in the left IJV, there were no statistically significant correlations confirmed. Conclusion: Despite a significant improvement in the blood flow through the IJVs after endovascular interventions on the IJVs in CCSVI patients, it has not demonstrated that hemodynamic changes improve the quality of life in MS patients.
{"title":"The Hemodynamics of Blood Flow through the Internal Jugular Veinsafter CCSVI Endovascular Treatment and its Impact on the Quality of Lifein Patients with Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency","authors":"J. Kostecki, M. Zaniewski, T. Urbanek, T. Korzeniowski, D. Ziaja, M. Sznapka","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare pre- and post-operative blood flow through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, who were subjected to endovascular treatment. The results were correlated with respect to changes in the quality of life. Methods: 144 MS patients underwent endovascular treatment of the IJVs. The blood flow through the IJVs was assessed by the means of the Doppler ultrasonography. The clinical neurological evaluation was based on the various diagnostic tools (scales). The assessment of the blood flow through the IJVs and an evaluation of the quality of life changes were performed before surgery, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: A statistically significant increase in the blood flow through the IJVs was identified on both sides during all three postoperative controls. The relationship between the IJV flow changes and the parameters related to the quality of life assessment, a statistically significant positive correlation between the flow improvement in the right IJV and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, as well as Fatigue Severity Scale scores, were found. For the remaining evaluated scales (Expanded Disability Status Scale, Heat Intolerance Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale), as well for the flow in the left IJV, there were no statistically significant correlations confirmed. Conclusion: Despite a significant improvement in the blood flow through the IJVs after endovascular interventions on the IJVs in CCSVI patients, it has not demonstrated that hemodynamic changes improve the quality of life in MS patients.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-04DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000218
R. Rastogi, S. Bhargava, P. Joon, Y. Gupta, A. Wani, Vijai Pratap
In the present era, trauma is the commonest cause of death in the middle aged group. Cranio Cerebral Trauma (CCT) is common in both urban and rural areas and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In any case of trauma, the outcome depends on two major issues: detection of type and extent of injury and the time taken for management. Though, the presenting neurologic status of the patient is the single best predictor of clinical outcome, but imaging determines the prognosis of these patients especially when the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is high. There have been major advancements in the field of neuroimaging for CCT over the last decade.
{"title":"Neuroimaging in Craniocerebral Trauma","authors":"R. Rastogi, S. Bhargava, P. Joon, Y. Gupta, A. Wani, Vijai Pratap","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"In the present era, trauma is the commonest cause of death in the middle aged group. Cranio Cerebral Trauma (CCT) is common in both urban and rural areas and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In any case of trauma, the outcome depends on two major issues: detection of type and extent of injury and the time taken for management. Though, the presenting neurologic status of the patient is the single best predictor of clinical outcome, but imaging determines the prognosis of these patients especially when the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is high. There have been major advancements in the field of neuroimaging for CCT over the last decade.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86245272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000216
R. Gurrera
Acute reductions in serum iron levels are frequently associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and have been implicated in the progression of catatonia to NMS. Iron catalyzes dopamine synthesis through its role as a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, and modulates expression of the dopamine (D2) receptor and dopamine transporter proteins.
{"title":"Possible Role for Hepcidin in Acute Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome","authors":"R. Gurrera","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"Acute reductions in serum iron levels are frequently associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and have been implicated in the progression of catatonia to NMS. Iron catalyzes dopamine synthesis through its role as a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, and modulates expression of the dopamine (D2) receptor and dopamine transporter proteins.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85167659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-23DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000217
Edward M. Johnson, D. C. Daniel
The recent observation of interviral recombination between members of two distinct classes of DNA viruses has opened the gates to a new field of human disease development. In all cases studied thus far interviral recombination is a rare event that requires special circumstances for intracellular interaction of participating viral genomes. The rarity and special requirements do not detract from the potential clinical significance of resulting recombinants, as exemplified by recombination between JC viral and Epstein-Barr viral genomes. This significance depends largely upon the mechanisms of recombination that would generate specific forms of recombinant viral genomes. At this time little is known regarding mechanisms of interviral recombination. DNA break-induced replication seems presently to be a highly plausible means of initiating formation of different, potentially active recombination products. Generalizing interviral recombination to a variety of viruses will open a fertile field for discovery as multiple diseases of mysterious etiology are investigated.
{"title":"Significance of Interviral Recombination as Novel Mechanism for Extending Viral Disease Repertoire","authors":"Edward M. Johnson, D. C. Daniel","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"The recent observation of interviral recombination between members of two distinct classes of DNA viruses has opened the gates to a new field of human disease development. In all cases studied thus far interviral recombination is a rare event that requires special circumstances for intracellular interaction of participating viral genomes. The rarity and special requirements do not detract from the potential clinical significance of resulting recombinants, as exemplified by recombination between JC viral and Epstein-Barr viral genomes. This significance depends largely upon the mechanisms of recombination that would generate specific forms of recombinant viral genomes. At this time little is known regarding mechanisms of interviral recombination. DNA break-induced replication seems presently to be a highly plausible means of initiating formation of different, potentially active recombination products. Generalizing interviral recombination to a variety of viruses will open a fertile field for discovery as multiple diseases of mysterious etiology are investigated.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78408840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000214
M. Al-Eithan
Not only stroke is very prevalent, also neglect is commonly seen in acute and post-acute stages of CVA. Neglect is not a single entity neither a homogenous clinical presentation. It may cover a wide range of sensory and motor impairments. Here we raise awareness to the fact that clinically this disorder is ‘neglected’ as a clinical presentation partly due to its complications. Neglect is the best single predictor of recovery, and hence, the importance of dealing with it soon. Rehabilitation approaches have shown some benefits. Rehab teams need to face it, measure it and deal with it applying treatment approaches.
{"title":"Facing Neglect after Stroke: Clinical Challenges in Developing Countries","authors":"M. Al-Eithan","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Not only stroke is very prevalent, also neglect is commonly seen in acute and post-acute stages of CVA. Neglect is not a single entity neither a homogenous clinical presentation. It may cover a wide range of sensory and motor impairments. Here we raise awareness to the fact that clinically this disorder is ‘neglected’ as a clinical presentation partly due to its complications. Neglect is the best single predictor of recovery, and hence, the importance of dealing with it soon. Rehabilitation approaches have shown some benefits. Rehab teams need to face it, measure it and deal with it applying treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":9146,"journal":{"name":"Brain disorders & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78901969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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