Pub Date : 2016-05-02DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.S1-E001
D. Ap
Biosensors are biological sensing molecules with diverse applications in modern biotechnology for the detection of enzymes, toxins, chemicals and most importantly, pathogens. Biosensors are widely used in various fields like food industry to check the quality and safety; in health care sector for the early detection of heart diseases, lung infections, urinary tract infections and rapid identification of pathogens; in pharmaceutical field for drug discovery. Recently, Carbon nanotube based biosensor has been developed for multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens, especially E. coli and S. aureus with an assay time of 1 min. S. aureus and S. typhimurium are also detected from food samples by a dual-excitation sensing method with detection limits of 16 cfu/ml and 28 cfu/ml respectively. Biosensors have also spread their way into the detection of neurogenerative disorders. SPR biosensing method has been used in detecting Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in serum, biomarkers for Alzheimers disease with a detection limit of 20pM; In the recent times, biosensors played a vital role in diagnosing UTIs and detecting the associated uropathogen, which helped in prescribing an appropriate antibiotic treatment.
{"title":"Biosensors: The Future of Diagnostics","authors":"D. Ap","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.S1-E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.S1-E001","url":null,"abstract":"Biosensors are biological sensing molecules with diverse applications in modern biotechnology for the detection of enzymes, toxins, chemicals and most importantly, pathogens. Biosensors are widely used in various fields like food industry to check the quality and safety; in health care sector for the early detection of heart diseases, lung infections, urinary tract infections and rapid identification of pathogens; in pharmaceutical field for drug discovery. Recently, Carbon nanotube based biosensor has been developed for multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens, especially E. coli and S. aureus with an assay time of 1 min. S. aureus and S. typhimurium are also detected from food samples by a dual-excitation sensing method with detection limits of 16 cfu/ml and 28 cfu/ml respectively. Biosensors have also spread their way into the detection of neurogenerative disorders. SPR biosensing method has been used in detecting Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels in serum, biomarkers for Alzheimers disease with a detection limit of 20pM; In the recent times, biosensors played a vital role in diagnosing UTIs and detecting the associated uropathogen, which helped in prescribing an appropriate antibiotic treatment.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-28DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.1000149
A. Azizi, Hamed Mobki, G. Rezazadeh
In this paper, bifurcation and pull-in phenomena of a capacitive micro switch suspended between two stationary plates have been studied. The governing dynamic equation of the switch has been attained using Euler Bernoulli beam theorem. Due to the nonlinearity of the electrostatic force, the analytical solution for the derived equation is not available. So the governing differential equation has been solved using combined Galerkin weighted residual and Step-By-Step Linearization Methods (SSLM). To obtain the fixed points and study the local and global bifurcational behavior of the switch, a mass-spring model has been utilized and adjusted so that to have similar static/dynamic characteristics with those of Euler-Bernoulli beam model (in the first mode). Using 1-DOF model, mathematical and physical equilibrium points of the switch have been obtained for three different cases. It is shown that the pull-in phenomenon in the present micro-switch can be occurred due to a pitchfork or transcritical bifurcations as well as saddle node bifurcation which are transpired in the classical micro-switches. And for some cases primary and secondary pull-in phenomena are observed where the first one is due to a transcritical bifurcation and the second one is due to a saddle node bifurcation. In addition the dynamic response of the switch to a step DC voltage has also been studied and the results show that in contrast to the classical microswitches, the ratio of the dynamic pull-in to the static one depends on the gaps and voltages ratio where for the classical one is approximately a constant value.
{"title":"Bifurcation Behavior of a Capacitive Micro-Beam Suspended between Two Conductive Plates","authors":"A. Azizi, Hamed Mobki, G. Rezazadeh","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, bifurcation and pull-in phenomena of a capacitive micro switch suspended between two stationary plates have been studied. The governing dynamic equation of the switch has been attained using Euler Bernoulli beam theorem. Due to the nonlinearity of the electrostatic force, the analytical solution for the derived equation is not available. So the governing differential equation has been solved using combined Galerkin weighted residual and Step-By-Step Linearization Methods (SSLM). To obtain the fixed points and study the local and global bifurcational behavior of the switch, a mass-spring model has been utilized and adjusted so that to have similar static/dynamic characteristics with those of Euler-Bernoulli beam model (in the first mode). Using 1-DOF model, mathematical and physical equilibrium points of the switch have been obtained for three different cases. It is shown that the pull-in phenomenon in the present micro-switch can be occurred due to a pitchfork or transcritical bifurcations as well as saddle node bifurcation which are transpired in the classical micro-switches. And for some cases primary and secondary pull-in phenomena are observed where the first one is due to a transcritical bifurcation and the second one is due to a saddle node bifurcation. In addition the dynamic response of the switch to a step DC voltage has also been studied and the results show that in contrast to the classical microswitches, the ratio of the dynamic pull-in to the static one depends on the gaps and voltages ratio where for the classical one is approximately a constant value.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70965955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-28DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.C1.006
Abdulwahab Alkharashi
L diode (LED) devices are being used in a wide range of applications for both illumination and as a communication system. The use of LEDs as emitters for communications is evolving and it is likely that visible light communications (VLC) will provide extra data transmission capacity in the future wireless systems. At present devices used for illumination suffers from inter symbol interference (ISI). To reduce the inter symbol interference an adaptive FIR filter (an adaptive equalizer filter) is placed in the transmitter side and a raised cosine filter (RCC) is introduced in the receiver circuit. To find the optimal coefficients for the FIR filter, previous channel information and off-line adaptive algorithm is used. The proposed adaptive FIR was verified using Simulink and MATLAB. The FIR filter structure is designed with 4-tap for the simulation purpose. For compatibility and flexibility, the channel impulse response is randomly selected. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the VLC system together with other measures such as data rate and distance were compared with the results obtained without the use of equalizer circuits. It clearly shows an advantage of using the preequalizer FIR filter in improving the system performance.
{"title":"Cloud security and privacy impacts in data storage","authors":"Abdulwahab Alkharashi","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.C1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.C1.006","url":null,"abstract":"L diode (LED) devices are being used in a wide range of applications for both illumination and as a communication system. The use of LEDs as emitters for communications is evolving and it is likely that visible light communications (VLC) will provide extra data transmission capacity in the future wireless systems. At present devices used for illumination suffers from inter symbol interference (ISI). To reduce the inter symbol interference an adaptive FIR filter (an adaptive equalizer filter) is placed in the transmitter side and a raised cosine filter (RCC) is introduced in the receiver circuit. To find the optimal coefficients for the FIR filter, previous channel information and off-line adaptive algorithm is used. The proposed adaptive FIR was verified using Simulink and MATLAB. The FIR filter structure is designed with 4-tap for the simulation purpose. For compatibility and flexibility, the channel impulse response is randomly selected. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the VLC system together with other measures such as data rate and distance were compared with the results obtained without the use of equalizer circuits. It clearly shows an advantage of using the preequalizer FIR filter in improving the system performance.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70968827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-27DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.C1.004
Issa Salim
The pipeline industry has millions of miles of pipes buried along the length and breadth of the country. Since none of the areas through which pipelines run are to be used for other activities, it needs to be monitored so as to know whether the right-of-way of the pipeline is encroached upon at any point in time. Rapid advances made in the area of sensor technology have enabled the use of high end video acquisition systems to monitor the right-of-way of pipelines. Huge amounts of data are thus made available for analysis. However, it would be very expensive to employ analysts to scan through the data and identify threats along the right-of-way in the vast expanse of wide area imagery. This warrants the deployment of an automated mechanism that is able to detect threats and send out warnings in the event of any hint of a threat. The images captured by aerial data acquisition systems are affected by a host of factors that include light sources, camera characteristics, geometric positions and environmental conditions. developing a multistage framework for the analysis of aerial imagery for automatic detection and identification of machinery threats along the pipeline right of way which would be capable of taking into account the constraints that come with aerial imagery such as low resolution, lower frame rate, large variations in illumination, motion blurs, etc. The visibility and features of objects may not be clear because of partial or total occlusion of light sources by buildings and trees which create a shadow. The complexity of large variations in the appearance of the object and the background in a typical image causes the performance degradation of detection algorithms. Our novel preprocessing technique improves the performance of automatic detection and identification of objects in an image captured in extremely complex lighting conditions.
{"title":"Well-iris A new wellness program","authors":"Issa Salim","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.C1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.C1.004","url":null,"abstract":"The pipeline industry has millions of miles of pipes buried along the length and breadth of the country. Since none of the areas through which pipelines run are to be used for other activities, it needs to be monitored so as to know whether the right-of-way of the pipeline is encroached upon at any point in time. Rapid advances made in the area of sensor technology have enabled the use of high end video acquisition systems to monitor the right-of-way of pipelines. Huge amounts of data are thus made available for analysis. However, it would be very expensive to employ analysts to scan through the data and identify threats along the right-of-way in the vast expanse of wide area imagery. This warrants the deployment of an automated mechanism that is able to detect threats and send out warnings in the event of any hint of a threat. The images captured by aerial data acquisition systems are affected by a host of factors that include light sources, camera characteristics, geometric positions and environmental conditions. developing a multistage framework for the analysis of aerial imagery for automatic detection and identification of machinery threats along the pipeline right of way which would be capable of taking into account the constraints that come with aerial imagery such as low resolution, lower frame rate, large variations in illumination, motion blurs, etc. The visibility and features of objects may not be clear because of partial or total occlusion of light sources by buildings and trees which create a shadow. The complexity of large variations in the appearance of the object and the background in a typical image causes the performance degradation of detection algorithms. Our novel preprocessing technique improves the performance of automatic detection and identification of objects in an image captured in extremely complex lighting conditions.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70968226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-26DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.S1-005
B. Bal, Armstrong Pb, D. Ap
Endotoxin is a signature molecule of gram-negative bacteria and is clinically significant as the agent of gramnegative sepsis, a disease condition with high mortality. This study describes an enzyme-substrate reaction using the distilled water lysate of the granular hemocytes (amebocytes) of the mangrove horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas), a native of the Bay of Bengal, and a chromogenic peptide which results in the production of yellow spectroscopically monitored product in the presence of endotoxin. The assay is complete within 30 min and shows a lower detection limit of 0.2 EU/mL. The novelty of our approach is the use of mangrove horseshoe crabs are the source of amebocyte lysate instead of the American horseshoe crab (Limuluspoly phemus).The anticipated methodology offers advantages for the South Asian market that include a low cost due to use of indigenous reagents. This method shows exquisite sensitivity and provides a rapid assessment of LPS concentrations. We assume that the commercial development of our assay will reduce the cost of a single chromogenic endotoxin detection test as compared to the cost of present imported kits presently available in Asian and Indian market.
{"title":"Development of Indigenous Bio-sensing Methodology for Rapid and LowCost Endotoxin Detection System","authors":"B. Bal, Armstrong Pb, D. Ap","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.S1-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.S1-005","url":null,"abstract":"Endotoxin is a signature molecule of gram-negative bacteria and is clinically significant as the agent of gramnegative sepsis, a disease condition with high mortality. This study describes an enzyme-substrate reaction using the distilled water lysate of the granular hemocytes (amebocytes) of the mangrove horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas), a native of the Bay of Bengal, and a chromogenic peptide which results in the production of yellow spectroscopically monitored product in the presence of endotoxin. The assay is complete within 30 min and shows a lower detection limit of 0.2 EU/mL. The novelty of our approach is the use of mangrove horseshoe crabs are the source of amebocyte lysate instead of the American horseshoe crab (Limuluspoly phemus).The anticipated methodology offers advantages for the South Asian market that include a low cost due to use of indigenous reagents. This method shows exquisite sensitivity and provides a rapid assessment of LPS concentrations. We assume that the commercial development of our assay will reduce the cost of a single chromogenic endotoxin detection test as compared to the cost of present imported kits presently available in Asian and Indian market.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power line communication (PLC) has been used to transmit and receive digital data via power line in wide application. However, power lines weren’t built for data transmission originally. In practice, data transmission is commonly subjected to switching noise by the multi-path effect. The objective of this research is to establish a platform for easily tune the controller for motor control system under the PLC environment. We build up a dynamic model to simulate the power line environment for communication and propose a frequency-shift keying (FSK) technique to modulate and demodulate the signal for the purpose of network control in the disturbed feedback control loop. A modified proportional-integralderivative controller (PID controller) on positioning control a DC servo motor is proposed to against noise corruption while achieving tracking performance.
{"title":"Demonstrative DC Motor Control under Power Communication Network","authors":"Minglei Lu, Chih-Cheng Huang, Chun-Liang Lin, Yunong Shen","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"Power line communication (PLC) has been used to transmit and receive digital data via power line in wide application. However, power lines weren’t built for data transmission originally. In practice, data transmission is commonly subjected to switching noise by the multi-path effect. The objective of this research is to establish a platform for easily tune the controller for motor control system under the PLC environment. We build up a dynamic model to simulate the power line environment for communication and propose a frequency-shift keying (FSK) technique to modulate and demodulate the signal for the purpose of network control in the disturbed feedback control loop. A modified proportional-integralderivative controller (PID controller) on positioning control a DC servo motor is proposed to against noise corruption while achieving tracking performance.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70965238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-15DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.S1-003
A. K. Saini, Ravinder Kumar Bhataia
A platform that can manage appliance through human being thoughts and perform applications at the same time if an individual think with the intention then electrical equipment begins functioning. It determination exist more helpful designed for physically challenged human being. It might utilize in numerous applications. We designed an experimental model that permits people to manage residence or place of work appliances wirelessly through eye blink. The apparatus attached to the user’s skull, receives the signal from the brain that will allow a person to control particular home appliance. User eye blink is able to switch on and off lights plus electrical appliances. Individual think processes are almost similar at the wave level, consequently, the mechanism works similarly well for each person.
{"title":"Mind Interface with Electrical Network","authors":"A. K. Saini, Ravinder Kumar Bhataia","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.S1-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.S1-003","url":null,"abstract":"A platform that can manage appliance through human being thoughts and perform applications at the same time if an individual think with the intention then electrical equipment begins functioning. It determination exist more helpful designed for physically challenged human being. It might utilize in numerous applications. We designed an experimental model that permits people to manage residence or place of work appliances wirelessly through eye blink. The apparatus attached to the user’s skull, receives the signal from the brain that will allow a person to control particular home appliance. User eye blink is able to switch on and off lights plus electrical appliances. Individual think processes are almost similar at the wave level, consequently, the mechanism works similarly well for each person.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70970005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01Epub Date: 2016-03-15DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.1000138
Carol E Smith, Ubolrat Piamjariyakul, Marilyn Werkowitch, Donna Macan Yadrich, Noreen Thompson, Dedrick Hooper, Eve-Lynn Nelson
This article describes a method to translate an evidence based health care intervention to the mobile environment. This translation assisted patient participants to: avoid life threatening infections; monitor emotions and fatigue; keep involved in healthy activities. The mobile technology also decreased costs by reducing for example travel to visit health care providers. Testing of this translation method and its use by comparison groups of patients adds to the knowledge base for assessing technology for its impact on health outcome measures. The challenges and workflow of designing materials for the mobile format are described. Transitioning clinical trial verified interventions, previously provided in person to patients, onto tablet and internet platforms is an important process that must be evaluated. In this study, our evidence based guide's intravenous (IV) homeCare interventions (IVhomeCare) were delivered via Apple iPad mini™ tablet audiovisual instruction / discussion sessions and on a website. Each iPad audiovisual session (n = 41), included three to five families, a mental health specialist, and healthcare professionals. Patients and their family caregivers readily learned to use the wireless mobile tablets, and the IVhomeCare interventions, as described here, were successfully translated onto these mobile technology platforms. Using Likert scale responses on a questionnaire (1 = not helpful and 5 = very helpful) participants indicated that they gained problem solving skills for home care through iPad group discussion (M = 4.60, SD = 0.60). The firewall protected videoconferencing in real time with multiple healthcare professionals effectively allowed health history taking and visual inspection of the patient's IV insertion site for signs of infection. Supportive interactions with peer families on videoconferencing were documented during discussions. Discussion topics included low moods, fatigue, infection worry, how to maintain independence, and need for support from others with their same lifelong IV experiences. The visual family interactions, discussions with professionals, and the iPad internet links were highly rated. Mobile distance care delivery can result in saved time and money for both healthcare professionals and families.
{"title":"A Clinical Trial of Translation of Evidence Based Interventions to Mobile Tablets and Illness Specific Internet Sites.","authors":"Carol E Smith, Ubolrat Piamjariyakul, Marilyn Werkowitch, Donna Macan Yadrich, Noreen Thompson, Dedrick Hooper, Eve-Lynn Nelson","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.1000138","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2090-4886.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes a method to translate an evidence based health care intervention to the mobile environment. This translation assisted patient participants to: avoid life threatening infections; monitor emotions and fatigue; keep involved in healthy activities. The mobile technology also decreased costs by reducing for example travel to visit health care providers. Testing of this translation method and its use by comparison groups of patients adds to the knowledge base for assessing technology for its impact on health outcome measures. The challenges and workflow of designing materials for the mobile format are described. Transitioning clinical trial verified interventions, previously provided in person to patients, onto tablet and internet platforms is an important process that must be evaluated. In this study, our evidence based guide's intravenous (IV) homeCare interventions (IVhomeCare) were delivered via Apple iPad mini™ tablet audiovisual instruction / discussion sessions and on a website. Each iPad audiovisual session (n = 41), included three to five families, a mental health specialist, and healthcare professionals. Patients and their family caregivers readily learned to use the wireless mobile tablets, and the IVhomeCare interventions, as described here, were successfully translated onto these mobile technology platforms. Using Likert scale responses on a questionnaire (1 = not helpful and 5 = very helpful) participants indicated that they gained problem solving skills for home care through iPad group discussion (<i>M</i> = 4.60, <i>SD</i> = 0.60). The firewall protected videoconferencing in real time with multiple healthcare professionals effectively allowed health history taking and visual inspection of the patient's IV insertion site for signs of infection. Supportive interactions with peer families on videoconferencing were documented during discussions. Discussion topics included low moods, fatigue, infection worry, how to maintain independence, and need for support from others with their same lifelong IV experiences. The visual family interactions, discussions with professionals, and the iPad internet links were highly rated. Mobile distance care delivery can result in saved time and money for both healthcare professionals and families.</p>","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4864853/pdf/nihms-780137.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34550260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-15DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.S1-001
Hadayat Ullah Khan, W. Knoll
In this paper, we very briefly review DNA biosensors based on optical and electrical detection principles, referring mainly to our past work applying both techniques but here using nearly identical sensor chip surface architectures, i.e., capture probe layers that were prepared based on a pulsed plasma deposition protocol for maleic anhydride and subsequent wet-chemical attachment of the amine-functionalized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe oligonucleotides. 15 mer DNA target strands, labeled with Cy5-chromophores that were attached at the 5’ end were used for surface plasmon optical detection and the same target DNA but without label was used in OTFT sensor-based detection where the mere charge density of the bound (hybridized) DNA molecules modulate the source-drain current. The sensing mechanisms and the detection limits of the devices are described in some detail. Both techniques allow for the monitoring of surface hybridization reactions, and offer the capacity to quantitatively discriminate between targets with different degrees of mismatched sequences.
在本文中，我们非常简要地回顾了基于光学和电检测原理的DNA生物传感器，主要参考了我们过去应用这两种技术的工作，但这里使用几乎相同的传感器芯片表面结构，即基于脉冲等离子体沉积方案制备的捕获探针层，用于马来酸酐和随后的湿化学附着胺功能化肽核酸(PNA)探针寡核苷酸。在5 '端贴上cy5色团标记的15 mer DNA靶链用于表面等离子体光学检测，而未标记的相同靶DNA用于基于OTFT传感器的检测，其中结合(杂交)DNA分子的单纯电荷密度调节源漏电流。详细介绍了该装置的传感机理和检测限。这两种技术都可以监测表面杂交反应，并提供定量区分具有不同程度不匹配序列的目标的能力。
{"title":"DNA Diagnostics: Optical or by Electronics?","authors":"Hadayat Ullah Khan, W. Knoll","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.S1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.S1-001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we very briefly review DNA biosensors based on optical and electrical detection principles, referring mainly to our past work applying both techniques but here using nearly identical sensor chip surface architectures, i.e., capture probe layers that were prepared based on a pulsed plasma deposition protocol for maleic anhydride and subsequent wet-chemical attachment of the amine-functionalized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe oligonucleotides. 15 mer DNA target strands, labeled with Cy5-chromophores that were attached at the 5’ end were used for surface plasmon optical detection and the same target DNA but without label was used in OTFT sensor-based detection where the mere charge density of the bound (hybridized) DNA molecules modulate the source-drain current. The sensing mechanisms and the detection limits of the devices are described in some detail. Both techniques allow for the monitoring of surface hybridization reactions, and offer the capacity to quantitatively discriminate between targets with different degrees of mismatched sequences.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.4172/2090-4886.1000132
F. Yuan
This editorial briefly examines challenges in design of adaptive decision feedback equalizers for multi-Gbps serial links. The state-of-the-art of serial links over wire channels is briefly reviewed. The impairment of wire channels at high frequencies and their effect on the performance of serial links are examined. It is followed with a close examination of channel equalization techniques to combat inter-symbol interference. Challenges and opportunities in design of adaptive feedback equalizers including timing constraints, power consumption, adaptive references for error generation and thresholds for logic state determination, data-DFE, eye-opening monitor DFE, and edge-DFE, floating tap DFE are examined.
{"title":"Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalization for Multi-Gbps Serial Links:Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"F. Yuan","doi":"10.4172/2090-4886.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4886.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial briefly examines challenges in design of adaptive decision feedback equalizers for multi-Gbps serial links. The state-of-the-art of serial links over wire channels is briefly reviewed. The impairment of wire channels at high frequencies and their effect on the performance of serial links are examined. It is followed with a close examination of channel equalization techniques to combat inter-symbol interference. Challenges and opportunities in design of adaptive feedback equalizers including timing constraints, power consumption, adaptive references for error generation and thresholds for logic state determination, data-DFE, eye-opening monitor DFE, and edge-DFE, floating tap DFE are examined.","PeriodicalId":91517,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sensor networks and data communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70964788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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