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Anti-NMDAR encephalitis with delayed ovarian teratoma in a young woman: a case report with 5 years of follow-up. 一名年轻女性的抗 NMDAR 脑炎伴迟发性卵巢畸胎瘤:随访 5 年的病例报告。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03891-x
Hailong Xue, Junhao Hu, Yingge Chen, Wenbin Huang, Haoling Liu, Hongli Xu, Ming Shi

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder with a variety of clinical manifestations. It has been established that anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be related to ovarian teratoma in female patients. However, a considerable number of patients have no obvious evidence of ovarian teratoma during the onset of the disease.

Case: A 25-year-old previously-healthy female experienced a series of acute symptoms within two days, including confusion, disorientation, short-term memory loss, auditory hallucinations, abnormal behavior, refractory status epilepticus, etc. Her brain MRI and abdominal imaging showed no definite abnormality while her electroencephalogram exhibited the presence of low to moderate amplitude sharp, spike, and multi-spike waves. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid tests yielded positive results for anti-NMDAR antibodies. However, an ultrasound scan failed to identify an ovarian teratoma. Consequently, the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis without teratoma was made after 4 days onset. After the plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy, her neurological symptoms improved and obtained a clinical cure. In the next eight months of follow-up, the patient accidentally touched a lump in the lower abdomen without any symptoms, and abdominal ultrasound and CT scan revealed a left ovarian tumor. Then she underwent left ovarian teratoma resection surgery and histopathology showed a mature cystic teratoma with neural components. The patient continued to receive five years of follow-up, and her condition remained stable without any recurrence, except that there had been a low titer of anti-NMDAR antibody in her serum.

Conclusion: Our case demonstrated the importance of long-term follow-up for female patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, since anti-NMDAR encephalitis-associated ovarian teratomas may develop in a delayed manner, even without any symptoms.

背景:抗 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎是一种自身免疫性疾病,临床表现多种多样。已有研究证实,抗 NMDAR 脑炎可能与女性患者的卵巢畸胎瘤有关。然而,相当多的患者在发病时并没有卵巢畸胎瘤的明显证据:病例:一名 25 岁的健康女性在两天内出现一系列急性症状,包括意识模糊、定向障碍、短期记忆丧失、幻听、行为异常、难治性癫痫等。她的脑部核磁共振成像和腹部造影显示没有明确的异常,而脑电图则显示存在中低幅尖波、棘波和多棘波。血清和脑脊液检测结果显示抗 NMDAR 抗体阳性。然而,超声波扫描未能发现卵巢畸胎瘤。因此,在发病 4 天后,诊断为无畸胎瘤的抗 NMDAR 脑炎。在接受血浆置换和免疫球蛋白治疗后,她的神经症状有所改善,临床治愈。在接下来 8 个月的随访中,患者在没有任何症状的情况下无意中触及下腹部肿块,腹部超声和 CT 扫描发现左侧卵巢肿瘤。随后,她接受了左侧卵巢畸胎瘤切除手术,组织病理学检查显示为成熟的囊性畸胎瘤,并伴有神经成分。患者继续接受了五年的随访,除了血清中抗 NMDAR 抗体滴度较低外,病情保持稳定,未见复发:我们的病例表明,对女性抗 NMDAR 脑炎患者进行长期随访非常重要,因为抗 NMDAR 脑炎相关卵巢畸胎瘤可能会延迟发展,甚至没有任何症状。
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引用次数: 0
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and motor subtypes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a prospective observational study. 特发性帕金森病患者中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率与运动亚型之间的关系:一项前瞻性观察研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03887-7
Hongyan Yi, Xiaojing Liang, Fugui Xu, Tiantian Li, Xiu Yang, Ming Wei, Zhou Ou, Lijun Wang, Qiang Tong

Background: Peripheral immunity and neuroinflammation interact with each other and they play important roles in the pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). There have been very few real-world reports on the relationship between peripheral immune inflammation and motor phenotypes of IPD. This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between peripheral inflammatory indicators and motor subtypes in patients with IPD.

Methods: This observational, prospective case-control study examined patients with IPD and healthy controls (HC) matched for age and sex between September 2021 and July 2023 at the Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The levels of peripheral inflammatory indicators were collected from each patient with IPD and HCs. Differences in the levels of peripheral inflammatory indicators among groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the inflammatory mechanism underlying the motor subtype of IPD.

Results: A total number of 94 patients with IPD were recruited at the Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between September 2021 and July 2023, including 49 males and 45 females, and 37 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were also enrolled as the control group. Of the 94 patients with IPD, 42.6% performed as the TD motor subtype and 57.4% performed as the AR motor subtype. NLR and the plasma levels of IL-1βand TNF-α in the IPD group were higher than those in the HC group (P < 0.05). The disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage, NLR, and the levels of IL-1β in the AR group were higher than those in the TD group (P < 0.05). Additionally, IL-1β plasma levels and NLR were positively correlated with disease duration, H-Y stage, movement disorder society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III motor score, and AR subtype. The binary logistic regression model revealed that the plasma level of IL-1β was mildly associated with the AR motor subtype and NLR was strongly associated with the AR motor subtype. The combination of NLR and IL-1β showed better performance in identifying the AR motor subtype.

Conclusion: NLR is strongly associated with the AR motor subtype in IPD, and peripheral immunity is probably involved in the pathogenesis of AR motor subtype in IPD.

背景:外周免疫和神经炎症相互影响,在特发性帕金森病(IPD)的病理生理学中发挥着重要作用。关于外周免疫炎症与特发性帕金森病运动表型之间关系的实际报道很少。本研究旨在探讨外周炎症指标与 IPD 患者运动亚型之间的潜在相关性:这项前瞻性病例对照研究于 2021 年 9 月至 2023 年 7 月在南京医科大学附属淮安市第一人民医院对 IPD 患者和年龄、性别匹配的健康对照(HC)进行了观察。研究人员收集了每位IPD患者和健康对照组的外周炎症指标水平。比较各组间外周炎症指标水平的差异。采用二元逻辑回归分析探讨 IPD 运动亚型的炎症机制:2021年9月至2023年7月期间,南京医科大学附属淮安市第一人民医院共招募了94名IPD患者,其中男性49名,女性45名,并招募了37名年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。在94名IPD患者中,42.6%为TD运动亚型,57.4%为AR运动亚型。IPD 组的 NLR 和血浆中 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 的水平均高于 HC 组(P 结论:IPD 组的 NLR 和血浆中 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 的水平均高于 HC 组:NLR与IPD的AR运动亚型密切相关,外周免疫可能参与了IPD的AR运动亚型的发病机制。
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引用次数: 0
Convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage revealed contralateral internal carotid artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome: a case report. 凸面蛛网膜下腔出血显示对侧颈内动脉夹层是由伊格尔综合征引起的:病例报告。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03890-y
Kazuki Obara, Takahiro Furuta, Chikako Yagi, Noriyoshi Nakai, Junichiro Suzuki, Masahisa Katsuno, Yasuhiro Ito

Background: Atraumatic localized convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) is an uncommon form of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage characterized by bleeding limited to the cerebral convexities. Ipsilateral cSAH can result from a variety of causes, such as internal carotid artery stenosis, obstruction, and dissection, although concomitant contralateral cSAH is exceptionally rare. In this case, the initial findings of cSAH led us to discovering contralateral internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) and an elongated styloid process (ESP). ESP is recognized as a risk factor for ICAD, which is a hallmark of Eagle syndrome. This sequence of findings led to the diagnosis of Eagle syndrome, illustrating a complex and intriguing interplay between cerebrovascular conditions and anatomical variations.

Case presentation: A 47-year-old Japanese woman experienced acute onset of headache radiating to her neck, reaching its zenith approximately two hours after onset. Given the intractable nature of the headache and its persistence for three days, she presented to the emergency department. Neurological examination revealed no abnormalities, and the coagulation screening parameters were within normal ranges. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed right parietal cSAH, while CT angiography (CTA) revealed ICAD and an ESP measuring 30.1 mm on the left side, positioned only 1.4 mm from the dissected artery. The unusual occurrence of contralateral cSAH prompted extensive and repeated imaging reviews that excluded reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), leading to a diagnosis of left ICAD secondary to Eagle syndrome. The patient underwent conservative management, and the dissected ICA spontaneously resolved. The patient has remained recurrence-free for two and a half years.

Conclusions: Managing cSAH requires diligent investigation for ICAD, extending beyond its identification to explore underlying causes. Recognizing Eagle syndrome, though rare, as a potential etiology of ICAD necessitates the importance of evaluating ESPs. The method for preventing recurrent cervical artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome is controversial; however, conservative management is a viable option.

背景:创伤性局部凸面蛛网膜下腔出血(cSAH)是一种不常见的非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血,其特点是出血局限于大脑凸面。造成同侧蛛网膜下腔出血的原因有很多,如颈内动脉狭窄、阻塞和夹层等,但同时并发对侧蛛网膜下腔出血的情况非常罕见。在该病例中,cSAH 的初步发现让我们发现了对侧颈内动脉夹层(ICAD)和伸长的蝶骨髁突(ESP)。ESP被认为是ICAD的危险因素,而ICAD是伊格尔综合征的标志。这一系列发现导致了伊格尔综合征的诊断,说明脑血管疾病和解剖变异之间存在复杂而有趣的相互作用:病例介绍:一名 47 岁的日本妇女急性发作头痛,并向颈部放射,大约在发病两小时后达到顶峰。由于头痛难以缓解,且持续了三天,她来到急诊科就诊。神经系统检查未发现异常,凝血检查指标也在正常范围内。脑部计算机断层扫描(CT)显示患者右侧顶叶有囊性脑出血,而 CT 血管造影(CTA)显示患者左侧有 ICAD 和一个 30.1 毫米的 ESP,距离断裂动脉仅 1.4 毫米。对侧 cSAH 的不寻常发生促使患者进行了大量反复的影像学检查,排除了可逆性脑血管收缩综合征(RCVS),最终诊断为继发于伊格尔综合征的左侧 ICAD。患者接受了保守治疗,裂开的 ICA 自动愈合。两年半以来,患者一直没有复发:治疗 cSAH 需要认真检查 ICAD,不仅要识别 ICAD,还要探究其潜在病因。伊格尔综合征虽然罕见,但也是 ICAD 的潜在病因之一,因此有必要对 ESP 进行评估。预防伊格尔综合征导致的颈动脉夹层复发的方法尚存在争议;不过,保守治疗是一种可行的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Mediastinal and thoracic hematoma following transradial cerebral angiography: a case report. 经桡动脉脑血管造影术后的纵隔和胸腔血肿:病例报告。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03896-6
Jiashan Tu, Wei Qiu

Background: Cerebral angiography through the transradial approach (TRA) is associated with a low risk of complications, but in rare cases, these complications can be life-threatening.

Case presentation: A 56-year-old female patient was admitted for transradial cerebral angiography due to the complaint of right limb weakness and the diagnosis of cerebral infarction and cerebral artery stenosis. During the procedure, the patient coughed with expectoration and complained of throat discomfort, palpitations, and pains in the right shoulder and back. Emergency CT scan indicated hematoma in the middle mediastinum and the right thoracic cavity, and perforation of a branch of the subclavian artery was highly suspected. Subclavian artery angiography was conducted immediately, which revealed a patchy contrast medium overflow in a branch of the right costocervical trunk. Selective endovascular occlusion therapy was performed successfully with gelfoam particles and placement of 2 microcoils. At 12 days after cerebral angiography, the patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital.

Conclusion: Mediastinal and thoracic hematoma may occur due to vessel perforation during TRA cerebral angiography, in which guidewire advancement must be cautious. Early detection and appropriate countermeasures can reduce the severity of vascular perforation and subsequent hematoma.

背景:经桡动脉入路脑血管造影术(TRA)的并发症风险较低,但在极少数情况下,这些并发症可能危及生命:一名 56 岁的女性患者因主诉右侧肢体无力入院接受经桡动脉脑血管造影术,诊断为脑梗塞和脑动脉狭窄。手术过程中,患者咳嗽并伴有痰液排出,主诉咽喉不适、心悸、右肩和背部疼痛。急诊 CT 扫描显示中纵隔和右胸腔有血肿,高度怀疑是锁骨下动脉分支穿孔。随即进行了锁骨下动脉造影,结果显示右侧肋骨颈干的一个分支有造影剂溢出。患者成功地使用了凝胶泡沫颗粒和两个微线圈进行了选择性血管内闭塞治疗。脑血管造影术后 12 天,患者康复出院:结论:在 TRA 脑血管造影术中,血管穿孔可能导致纵隔和胸腔血肿,必须谨慎推进导丝。结论:在 TRA 脑血管造影术中,血管穿孔可能导致纵隔和胸腔血肿,必须谨慎推进导丝,及早发现并采取适当的应对措施可降低血管穿孔和血肿的严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasias with recurrent ischemic stroke hinted by manganese deposition in the basal ganglia: a case report and literature review. 遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症伴有基底节锰沉积暗示的复发性缺血性中风:病例报告和文献综述。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03889-5
Qiwen Tang, Ping Xia, Xingyue Hu, Yuquan Shao

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited vascular disorder that can involve multiple organs, thus can be associated with so many clinical departments that proper screening and diagnosis of HHT are needed for providing better management of both patients and their family members.

Case presentation: We present a 58-year-old female patient with recurrent paradoxical brain embolism due to HHT. She received aspirin therapy and underwent pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization, recovering well and discharged 3 days postoperatively. Though ischemic stroke caused by HHT-induced vascular disorders has been reported, our patient presented with both recurrent paradoxical brain embolisms and radiologic findings of bilateral globus pallidus manganese deposition at the same time, a combination rarely reported. We also review the literature on the clinical features and management of HHT for prompt diagnosis of this genetic disease behind paradoxical embolism.

Conclusions: When patients with ischemic stroke, especially recurrent ischemic stroke, have combined arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in single or multiple organs, or clues for AVMs like manganese deposition in globus pallidus, genetic diseases such as HHT may be the reason for ischemic stroke and shouldn't be missed in the evaluation of embolic sources.

背景:遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症(HHT遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症(HHT)是一种罕见的常染色体显性遗传性血管疾病,可累及多个器官,因此可与许多临床科室相关联,需要对HHT进行适当的筛查和诊断,以便为患者及其家属提供更好的治疗:我们为您介绍一位 58 岁的女性患者,她因 HHT 而反复出现矛盾性脑栓塞。她接受了阿司匹林治疗,并接受了肺动静脉畸形栓塞术,术后恢复良好,3 天后出院。虽然 HHT 引起的血管病变导致缺血性中风已有报道,但我们的患者同时出现反复发作的矛盾性脑栓塞和双侧球状苍白球锰沉积的影像学发现,这种合并症很少见。我们还回顾了有关 HHT 临床特征和处理方法的文献,以便及时诊断这种隐藏在矛盾性脑栓塞背后的遗传性疾病:结论:当缺血性脑卒中患者,尤其是复发性缺血性脑卒中患者合并单个或多个器官的动静脉畸形(AVM),或有动静脉畸形的线索(如球海绵锰沉积)时,遗传性疾病(如HHT)可能是缺血性脑卒中的原因,在评估栓塞源时不应遗漏。
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引用次数: 0
A case of isolated dystextia due to subcortical infarction: a novel condition of digital device era. 一例皮层下梗塞导致的孤立性肌张力障碍:数字设备时代的新病症。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03892-w
Masahiro Hatakeyama, Takeshi Kanayama, Saori Tokunaga, Toshiya Kizaki, Shintaro Tsuboguchi, Masato Kanazawa, Osamu Onodera

Background: In recent years, cases of dystextia (texting disabilities) and dystypia (typing disabilities) have been reported. However, reports describing isolated dystextia without aphasia or other cognitive impairments are rare, and the detailed pathophysiology is not fully understood. Most Japanese people use the alphabetical spelling system (Romaji) for texting and typing. Herein, we report the case of a man with isolated dystextia and dystypia resulting from Romaji conversion difficulties.

Case presentation: A 48-year-old, right-handed Japanese man developed texting and typing difficulties. The standard neuropsychological tests showed no signs of aphasia or other cognitive impairments, except for slight executive dysfunction. Thus, isolated dystextia and dystypia were diagnosed. Furthermore, the patient experienced Romaji conversion difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subcortical infarction in the left cerebral hemisphere. Single photon emission tomography revealed hypoperfusion, including in the left dorsolateral frontal cortex.

Conclusions: The left dorsolateral frontal cortex may be related to Romaji conversion in Japanese individuals. Therefore, diaschisis of the left dorsolateral frontal cortex due to subcortical lesions may have impaired Romaji conversion, leading to dystextia and dystypia, in this patient.

背景:近年来,有报道称出现了发短信障碍(dystextia)和打字障碍(dysteypia)病例。然而,描述孤立的肌张力障碍而不伴有失语或其他认知障碍的报告并不多见,详细的病理生理学也不完全清楚。大多数日本人使用字母拼写系统(罗马字)发短信和打字。在此,我们报告了一例因罗马字转换困难而导致的孤立性肌张力障碍和肌张力障碍的男性病例:病例介绍:一名 48 岁的右撇子日本男子出现了发短信和打字困难。标准神经心理测试显示,除了轻微的执行功能障碍外,没有失语或其他认知障碍的迹象。因此,他被诊断为孤立性肌无力和肌无力症。此外,患者还出现了罗马字转换困难。磁共振成像显示左侧大脑半球皮质下梗塞。单光子发射断层扫描显示左侧额叶背外侧皮层等部位灌注不足:左侧额叶背外侧皮层可能与日本人的罗马字转换有关。因此,皮层下病变导致的左侧额叶背外侧皮层缺损可能会影响罗马字的转换,从而导致该患者出现肌张力障碍和肌张力障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of low satisfaction with life among wheelchair users with spinal cord injury in Egypt: a cross-sectional study. 埃及脊髓损伤轮椅使用者生活满意度低的决定因素:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03836-4
Sarah Abdelaaty Ayed, Safaa M El-Zoghby, Maha Emad Ibrahim, Wael Ahmed Zeid, Hebatallah Nour-Eldein

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most catastrophic injuries that might lead to permanent use of a wheelchair and severely affects the quality of life, hence SCI patients report lower satisfaction with life (SWL) than the general population. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that determine SWL among wheelchair users with SCI. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of low SWL and to identify its determinants among wheelchair users with SCI in Egypt.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 105 wheelchair users with SCI from the Al Hassan Foundation for wheelchair users in Egypt. The main outcome measure was low SWL, while the independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, injury-related characteristics, anxiety, depression, neuropathic pain, functional independence, and environmental barriers.

Results: The prevalence of low SWL among study participants was 57.1%. We found significant associations between SWL and age, area of living, and age at injury. Additionally, SWL correlated negatively with anxiety, depression, neuropathic pain, and environmental barriers, and positively with functional independence. Finally, the binary multiple logistic regression revealed that living in Upper Egypt (p = 0.017, OR = 13.7), depression (p = 0.034, OR = 6.08), older age (p = 0.002, OR = 1.21), and work and school environmental barriers (p = 0.022, OR = 0.46) were the predictors of low SWL.

Conclusion: To improve the SWL for wheelchair users with SCI we need to effectively manage neuropathic pain, depression, and anxiety, and promote functional independence. There is an urgent need to reinforce legislation to improve the living conditions for wheelchair users with SCI in Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt.

背景:脊髓损伤(SCI)是可能导致永久使用轮椅的最严重损伤之一,严重影响生活质量,因此 SCI 患者的生活满意度(SWL)低于普通人群。因此,确定决定 SCI 轮椅使用者生活满意度的因素非常重要。我们的研究旨在评估埃及 SCI 轮椅使用者中低生活满意度的发生率,并确定其决定因素:这项横断面研究纳入了埃及哈桑轮椅使用者基金会(Al Hassan Foundation for wheelchair users in Egypt)的 105 名患有 SCI 的轮椅使用者。主要结果指标为低SWL,自变量包括社会人口学特征、损伤相关特征、焦虑、抑郁、神经性疼痛、功能独立性和环境障碍:研究参与者中低SWL患病率为57.1%。我们发现,SWL 与年龄、居住地区和受伤年龄之间存在明显关联。此外,SWL 与焦虑、抑郁、神经性疼痛和环境障碍呈负相关,而与功能独立性呈正相关。最后,二元多元逻辑回归显示,居住在上埃及(p = 0.017,OR = 13.7)、抑郁(p = 0.034,OR = 6.08)、年龄较大(p = 0.002,OR = 1.21)以及工作和学校环境障碍(p = 0.022,OR = 0.46)是预测低SWL的因素:为了改善患有 SCI 的轮椅使用者的 SWL,我们需要有效控制神经性疼痛、抑郁和焦虑,并促进功能独立性。埃及,尤其是上埃及,迫切需要加强立法,改善患有 SCI 的轮椅使用者的生活条件。
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引用次数: 0
Infectious endocarditis complicated with intracranial infected aneurysm rupture and sinus of valsalva aneurysm rupture. 感染性心内膜炎并发颅内感染性动脉瘤破裂和瓦尔萨尔瓦窦动脉瘤破裂。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03870-2
Zhaoqi Sun, Xiaoyu Xu, Zhihua Liu

Background: Infectious endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease caused by direct invasion of the heart valve, endocardium, or adjacent large artery endocardium by pathogenic microorganisms. Despite its relatively low incidence, it has a poor prognosis and a high mortality. Intracranial infectious aneurysms (IIA) and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) are rare complications of IE.

Case presentation: We report a young male patient with symptoms of respiratory tract infection, heart murmurs and other symptoms and signs. The patient also had kidney function impairment and poor response to symptomatic therapy. Blood culture was negative, but echocardiography was positive, which met the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis. Moreover, an echocardiography showed a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with a ventricular septal defect. Finally, secondary rupture of an IIA with multiple organ damage led to a poor clinical outcome.

Conclusion: Therefore, in the clinical setting, for young patients with unexplained fever, chest pain, or palpitations, we need to be highly vigilant, considering the possibility of infective endocarditis and promptly performing blood culture, echocardiography, cerebrovascular imaging and so on, in order to facilitate early proper diagnosis and treatment.

背景:感染性心内膜炎(IE)是一种由病原微生物直接侵入心脏瓣膜、心内膜或邻近的大动脉心内膜引起的感染性疾病。尽管其发病率相对较低,但预后较差,死亡率较高。颅内感染性动脉瘤(IIA)和瓦尔萨尔瓦窦动脉瘤破裂(RSVA)是 IE 的罕见并发症:我们报告了一名年轻男性患者,他有呼吸道感染、心脏杂音等症状和体征。患者还伴有肾功能损害,对症治疗反应不佳。血液培养呈阴性,但超声心动图呈阳性,符合感染性心内膜炎的诊断标准。此外,超声心动图显示瓦尔萨尔瓦窦动脉瘤破裂并伴有室间隔缺损。最后,IIA的继发性破裂伴有多器官损伤,导致了不良的临床预后:因此,在临床上,对于不明原因发热、胸痛或心悸的年轻患者,我们需要高度警惕,考虑感染性心内膜炎的可能性,及时进行血培养、超声心动图、脑血管造影等检查,以利于早期正确诊断和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Association of triglyceride glucose index with clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke: a retrospective study. 甘油三酯血糖指数与缺血性中风临床预后的关系:一项回顾性研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03873-z
Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Bharghava Bhushan Rao Pathange, Kanaka Durga Devi Nelluri, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Sahithi Kamepalli, Karukuri Suvarna, Dokku Srinija, Jalibili Vinathi, Sai Prakash Revanth, Yaswanth Sai Harsha

Background: Stroke is a major cause of illness, death, and long-term disability and a major health concern worldwide. Experts consider insulin resistance (IR), a defining feature of the metabolic syndrome and a significant risk factor for stroke. Insulin resistance, or IR, is common among stroke patients. The triglyceride-glucose (TYG) index's relevance to both lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity has led to its proposal as an alternative indicator of IR.

Aim: Examining the connection between elevated TYG INDEX scores and worse clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients is the main goal. Finding out how often bad outcomes (recurrence and all-cause death) are in ischemic stroke patients is the secondary goal.

Method: This was a retrospective observational study that involved patients admitted to the 850-bed Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, a tertiary care teaching hospital located in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh (India). The study was conducted over a period of six months. All the 95 patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included. The patients' TYG INDEX values were first determined and patients with ischemic stroke who had elevated TYG INDEX values were then compared for clinical outcomes including recurrence and all-cause death with ischemic patients with normal TYG INDEX.

Results: In this study, the total cholesterol of the patients (mean ± SD) was 165.01 ± 51.5 mg/dL; Triglycerides was 157.031 ± 98.9 mg/dL; HDL-c was 37.253 ± 5.52 mg/dl; LDL-c was 107 ± 48.3 mg/Dl; and FBS was 153.74 ± 71.52 mg/dL. The chi-square test showed that only FBS, Triglyceride, and Total cholesterol were significantly associated with TYG INDEX whereas other variables like age, LDL, and HDL were not. There was no significant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke. In both groups of patients, risk and no risk TYG INDEX values, the mRS score showed variable and unpredictable relationship with the TYG INDEX.

Conclusion: Contrary to the few studies that discovered one, our research leads us to the conclusion that there may not be a relevant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical results in patients with ischemic stroke.

背景:中风是导致疾病、死亡和长期残疾的主要原因,也是全球关注的主要健康问题。专家认为,胰岛素抵抗(IR)是代谢综合征的主要特征,也是中风的重要危险因素。胰岛素抵抗或 IR 在中风患者中很常见。甘油三酯-葡萄糖(TYG)指数与脂肪毒性和葡萄糖毒性都有关联,因此被提议作为胰岛素抵抗的替代指标。目的:研究缺血性中风患者 TYG INDEX 分数升高与临床预后恶化之间的联系是主要目标。方法:这是一项回顾性观察研究:这是一项回顾性观察研究,研究对象是拥有 850 张病床的 Pinnamaneni Siddhartha 医学院和研究基金会的患者,该医院是位于印度安得拉邦克里希纳区的一家三级护理教学医院。研究为期六个月。符合资格标准的 95 名患者均被纳入研究范围。首先确定患者的 TYG INDEX 值,然后将 TYG INDEX 值升高的缺血性中风患者与 TYG INDEX 值正常的缺血性患者的临床结果(包括复发和全因死亡)进行比较:在这项研究中,患者的总胆固醇(平均值±标度)为 165.01 ± 51.5 mg/dL;甘油三酯为 157.031 ± 98.9 mg/dL;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为 37.253 ± 5.52 mg/dL;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为 107 ± 48.3 mg/DL;FBS 为 153.74 ± 71.52 mg/dL。卡方检验结果表明,只有 FBS、甘油三酯和总胆固醇与 TYG 指数显著相关,而年龄、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白等其他变量与 TYG 指数无显著相关。TYG INDEX 与缺血性脑卒中的临床结果无明显关联。在有风险和无风险 TYG INDEX 值的两组患者中,mRS 评分与 TYG INDEX 的关系各不相同且难以预测:我们的研究得出的结论是,TYG INDEX 与缺血性中风患者的临床结果之间可能不存在相关联系。
{"title":"Association of triglyceride glucose index with clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke: a retrospective study.","authors":"Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Bharghava Bhushan Rao Pathange, Kanaka Durga Devi Nelluri, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Sahithi Kamepalli, Karukuri Suvarna, Dokku Srinija, Jalibili Vinathi, Sai Prakash Revanth, Yaswanth Sai Harsha","doi":"10.1186/s12883-024-03873-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12883-024-03873-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a major cause of illness, death, and long-term disability and a major health concern worldwide. Experts consider insulin resistance (IR), a defining feature of the metabolic syndrome and a significant risk factor for stroke. Insulin resistance, or IR, is common among stroke patients. The triglyceride-glucose (TYG) index's relevance to both lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity has led to its proposal as an alternative indicator of IR.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Examining the connection between elevated TYG INDEX scores and worse clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients is the main goal. Finding out how often bad outcomes (recurrence and all-cause death) are in ischemic stroke patients is the secondary goal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study that involved patients admitted to the 850-bed Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, a tertiary care teaching hospital located in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh (India). The study was conducted over a period of six months. All the 95 patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included. The patients' TYG INDEX values were first determined and patients with ischemic stroke who had elevated TYG INDEX values were then compared for clinical outcomes including recurrence and all-cause death with ischemic patients with normal TYG INDEX.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the total cholesterol of the patients (mean ± SD) was 165.01 ± 51.5 mg/dL; Triglycerides was 157.031 ± 98.9 mg/dL; HDL-c was 37.253 ± 5.52 mg/dl; LDL-c was 107 ± 48.3 mg/Dl; and FBS was 153.74 ± 71.52 mg/dL. The chi-square test showed that only FBS, Triglyceride, and Total cholesterol were significantly associated with TYG INDEX whereas other variables like age, LDL, and HDL were not. There was no significant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke. In both groups of patients, risk and no risk TYG INDEX values, the mRS score showed variable and unpredictable relationship with the TYG INDEX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrary to the few studies that discovered one, our research leads us to the conclusion that there may not be a relevant association between the TYG INDEX and clinical results in patients with ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9170,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":"371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time to death and its predictors among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to East Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study. 埃塞俄比亚东阿姆哈拉综合专科医院收治的脑外伤患者的死亡时间及其预测因素:回顾性队列研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03886-8
Abdurehman Ayele, Samuel Anteneh, Fatuma Seid Degu, Getenet Dessie, Arega Abebe Lonsako, Alemayehu Anley, Gizew Beyene

Background: Globally, 64-74 million individuals around the world are estimated to sustain traumatic brain injury every year. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury can lead to a lifetime physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. There were limited studies conducted in Ethiopia regarding to traumatic brain injury mortality.

Methods: An institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted on 429 randomly selected traumatic brain injury patients aged 18 to 64 years who were admitted to East Amhara Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021. Kobo toolbox was applied for data collection and exported to Stata version 17 for data processing and analysis. To estimate death free time, a Kaplan Meier failure curve was used. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used at the 5% level of significance to determine effect of predictor variables on time to death.

Result: A total of 429 traumatic brain injury patients aged 18 to 64 years were included with response rate of 91.3% and 145(33.8%) were dead. Open injuries (AHR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.18-0.36), co-existing injuries (AHR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.66), ICU admission (AHR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.29-0.60), arrival within 4-24 h (AHR = 3.48; 95% CI: 2.01-6.03), arrival after 24 h (AHR = 6.69; 95% CI: 3.49-12.28), subdural hematoma (AHR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.77-4.19), serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL (AHR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.49-0.94), moderate (AHR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.21-0.89), and mild traumatic brain injury (AHR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.29-0.56) were predictors of traumatic brain injury mortality.

Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that the mortality was 1/3rd of the total patients. Open injuries, co-existing injuries, ICU admission, arrival time (4-24 h and > 24 h), subdural hematoma, serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL and severity of traumatic brain injury (mild and moderate) were predictors of traumatic brain mortality. Therefore, working on these factors to reduce the morality of traumatic brain injury patients is very important.

背景:据估计,全球每年有 6400-7400 万人遭受脑外伤。中度和严重的创伤性脑损伤可导致终生的身体、认知、情感和行为变化。埃塞俄比亚有关脑外伤死亡率的研究十分有限:方法:研究人员对东阿姆哈拉综合专科医院在 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间随机选取的 429 名年龄在 18 至 64 岁之间的创伤性脑损伤患者进行了一项基于机构的回顾性队列研究。Kobo工具箱用于数据收集,并导出到Stata 17版进行数据处理和分析。为估算无死亡时间,采用了卡普兰-梅耶失败曲线。在5%的显著性水平下,使用Cox比例危险回归模型来确定预测变量对死亡时间的影响:共纳入了 429 名年龄在 18 至 64 岁之间的脑外伤患者,应答率为 91.3%,其中 145 人(33.8%)死亡。开放性损伤(AHR = 0.25;95% CI:0.18-0.36)、并存损伤(AHR = 0.40;95% CI:0.24-0.66)、入住重症监护室(AHR = 0.42;95% CI:0.29-0.60)、4-24 小时内到达(AHR = 3.48;95% CI:2.01-6.03)、24 h 后到达(AHR = 6.69;95% CI:3.49-12.28)、硬膜下血肿(AHR = 2.72;95% CI:1.77-4.19)、血清白蛋白 结论:研究结果显示,死亡率占患者总数的 1/3。开放性损伤、并存损伤、入住重症监护室、到达时间(4-24 小时和大于 24 小时)、硬膜下血肿、血清白蛋白
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BMC Neurology
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