Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.05
K. Dilmuradova
The authors present the results of follow-up observations of children that had undergone neonatal nephropathy. A follow-up observation revealed newborns from mothers with chronic kidney diseases are at risk for the development of neonatal nephropathies. The long-term positive results of the examination of children who underwent neonatal nephropathy and received a course of anti-relapse treatment proved the effectiveness of renal protection.
{"title":"Practical Significance of Early Diagnosis of Kidney Damage in Children","authors":"K. Dilmuradova","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.05","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the results of follow-up observations of children that had undergone neonatal nephropathy. A follow-up observation revealed newborns from mothers with chronic kidney diseases are at risk for the development of neonatal nephropathies. The long-term positive results of the examination of children who underwent neonatal nephropathy and received a course of anti-relapse treatment proved the effectiveness of renal protection.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.04
V. Ferrara, A. Franceschini, R. Morlacchetti, L. Giannini, M. Iacobini
In healthcare working contexts, individuals are required to have a set of transversal skills that can be distinguished in technical-specialist, communicative-relational and organizational-management skills. This is the reason why interprofessional training has become a requirement in hospital wards. Art has been shown to be effective tools in educating medical students and healthcare professionals to a better self-awareness, reflective practice with the aim of better communication with the patient, better stress management, less burn-out etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of art as a tool for the development of useful skills as observation, problem solving, critical thinking, communication, tolerance of ambiguity in paediatric practice. Method: The staff of the Umberto I paediatric department’s staff was chosen to be enrolled: 2 paediatricians, 3 nurses and 2 residents. A control group of 4 nurses and 1 resident was included in the study. The involved personnel participated in 4 to 8 one-hour meetings in two months. During these meetings, works of art were proposed by applying the method of Visual Thinking Strategies and other useful art practices to reinforce active listening and empathy. Validated test, VTSKill grid, was administered to evaluate the improvement of skills. Results: The comparison between pre and post-tests gave positive results in terms of Critical Thinking, Observation, Linguistic expression, problem solving and therefore analysis and communication skills. Same results were not recorded in the personnel who did not participate in the activities, registering in some cases a regression from the initial test. Conclusion: This experience, although realized with few participants, confirmed other experiences that have been suggesting Medical Humanities and in particular the Visual Art as a tool to improve useful skills and relationships within the staff of hospital departments. According to our experience, we believe improvement of some skills can be useful in the paediatric practice where the use of attentive listening, observation skills, communication through visual aids can improve the relationship with young patients and their families.
{"title":"The Visual Art to Improve Skills for Paediatrics Staff","authors":"V. Ferrara, A. Franceschini, R. Morlacchetti, L. Giannini, M. Iacobini","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.04","url":null,"abstract":"In healthcare working contexts, individuals are required to have a set of transversal skills that can be distinguished in technical-specialist, communicative-relational and organizational-management skills. This is the reason why interprofessional training has become a requirement in hospital wards. Art has been shown to be effective tools in educating medical students and healthcare professionals to a better self-awareness, reflective practice with the aim of better communication with the patient, better stress management, less burn-out etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of art as a tool for the development of useful skills as observation, problem solving, critical thinking, communication, tolerance of ambiguity in paediatric practice. \u0000Method: The staff of the Umberto I paediatric department’s staff was chosen to be enrolled: 2 paediatricians, 3 nurses and 2 residents. A control group of 4 nurses and 1 resident was included in the study. The involved personnel participated in 4 to 8 one-hour meetings in two months. During these meetings, works of art were proposed by applying the method of Visual Thinking Strategies and other useful art practices to reinforce active listening and empathy. Validated test, VTSKill grid, was administered to evaluate the improvement of skills. \u0000Results: The comparison between pre and post-tests gave positive results in terms of Critical Thinking, Observation, Linguistic expression, problem solving and therefore analysis and communication skills. Same results were not recorded in the personnel who did not participate in the activities, registering in some cases a regression from the initial test. \u0000Conclusion: This experience, although realized with few participants, confirmed other experiences that have been suggesting Medical Humanities and in particular the Visual Art as a tool to improve useful skills and relationships within the staff of hospital departments. According to our experience, we believe improvement of some skills can be useful in the paediatric practice where the use of attentive listening, observation skills, communication through visual aids can improve the relationship with young patients and their families.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.03
G. Korobeynikov, L. Korobeinikova, I. Korobeinikova, A. Kokhanevich
Background/Purpose: Physiological responses to stress are associated with tension in the autonomic nervous system. One of the physiological reactions to stress is the tension of the autonomic nervous system. Intense physical activity and emotional stress can provoke mental stress in young athletes. Purpose - to study the features of the mechanisms of stress management in young athletes. Method: Method: 30 younger athletes were examined (Greco-Roman wrestlers, 13-16 years old). Young athletes represented the Kremenchug sports club. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed using a Fazagraph computer electrocardiograph (Ukraine). The characteristics of the statistical and frequency analysis of heart rate were evaluated. HRV indicators were recorded before and after the competition. The study of statistically significant difference between the obtained results carry out with help Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: During the competition the meaning of LF increases with simultaneous a decrease in HF oscillation. This fact is associated with a high level of tension in the regulatory mechanisms of HRV in younger athletes in a competitive state. At the same time, the parasympathetic activity of autonomic regulation is decline. Result shows the development of stress during psycho-emotional strain in competition condition. The stress caused by competitive situation in younger athletes is characterized by an increase in the tension of the autonomic regulation of HRV with deterioration in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The stress caused by competitive situation in younger athletes is characterized by an increase in the tension of the autonomic regulation of HRV with deterioration in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Conclusion: It was revealed that the conditions of competition among young athletes provoke a stress reaction with a predominance of sympathetic regulation. The mechanism of prevention of competitive stress in younger athletes is associated with a change in the ratio of autonomic regulation of the heart rate.
{"title":"Stress Management Mechanisms in Younger Athletes","authors":"G. Korobeynikov, L. Korobeinikova, I. Korobeinikova, A. Kokhanevich","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Physiological responses to stress are associated with tension in the autonomic nervous system. One of the physiological reactions to stress is the tension of the autonomic nervous system. Intense physical activity and emotional stress can provoke mental stress in young athletes. Purpose - to study the features of the mechanisms of stress management in young athletes. \u0000Method: Method: 30 younger athletes were examined (Greco-Roman wrestlers, 13-16 years old). Young athletes represented the Kremenchug sports club. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed using a Fazagraph computer electrocardiograph (Ukraine). The characteristics of the statistical and frequency analysis of heart rate were evaluated. HRV indicators were recorded before and after the competition. The study of statistically significant difference between the obtained results carry out with help Wilcoxon rank sum test. \u0000Results: During the competition the meaning of LF increases with simultaneous a decrease in HF oscillation. This fact is associated with a high level of tension in the regulatory mechanisms of HRV in younger athletes in a competitive state. At the same time, the parasympathetic activity of autonomic regulation is decline. Result shows the development of stress during psycho-emotional strain in competition condition. The stress caused by competitive situation in younger athletes is characterized by an increase in the tension of the autonomic regulation of HRV with deterioration in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The stress caused by competitive situation in younger athletes is characterized by an increase in the tension of the autonomic regulation of HRV with deterioration in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. \u0000Conclusion: It was revealed that the conditions of competition among young athletes provoke a stress reaction with a predominance of sympathetic regulation. The mechanism of prevention of competitive stress in younger athletes is associated with a change in the ratio of autonomic regulation of the heart rate.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49490060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.02
Neftj Ragusa, N. Gianotto, Affif Barbara, D. Luotti, L. Peano, F. Bogliatto, Massimo Berger
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and potentially severe infection affecting children. A retrospective study was carried out at our Institution between November 2022 and January 2023. Twenty-eight patients under 14 years of age were diagnosed and treated accordingly. Median age was 35 months, half of the patients were males. The most detected pathogen was S. pneumoniae (in 36% of all patients). Other pathogens detected were RSV in 3 patients (11%), influenza B virus in two patients (7%), adenovirus in two patients (7%), and M. pneumoniae in one patient (4%). Fourteen children (50% of the total number) developed a respiratory failure that required supplemental oxygen. Among these, 8 children (57% of all children receiving oxygen supplementation) required low-flow oxygen delivery, four children (29%) required high-flow oxygen delivery, and one child (7%) required invasive ventilation. Five children (55% of children with a bacterial CAP) received intravenous antibiotics, while 44% of patients received oral antibiotics. First-line intravenous antibiotics consisted of a third-generation cephalosporin for infants and children older than 1 month, and ampicillin/sulbactam with gentamicin for newborns. Amoxy-clavulanic acid was the first-line oral antibiotic for pneumococcal CAP, while oral clarithromycin was the first line antimicrobic for CAP caused by M. pneumoniae. Twenty-one children (75% of total patients) were fully vaccinated, three children (11%) had received two doses because of age. Regarding the 10 children with a pneumococcal CAP, seven (70%) were fully vaccinated, one had received two-doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and two were unvaccinated.
{"title":"Management of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Widespread Vaccination against Streptococcus Pneumoniae at a First-Level Hospital","authors":"Neftj Ragusa, N. Gianotto, Affif Barbara, D. Luotti, L. Peano, F. Bogliatto, Massimo Berger","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.02","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and potentially severe infection affecting children. A retrospective study was carried out at our Institution between November 2022 and January 2023. Twenty-eight patients under 14 years of age were diagnosed and treated accordingly. Median age was 35 months, half of the patients were males. The most detected pathogen was S. pneumoniae (in 36% of all patients). Other pathogens detected were RSV in 3 patients (11%), influenza B virus in two patients (7%), adenovirus in two patients (7%), and M. pneumoniae in one patient (4%). Fourteen children (50% of the total number) developed a respiratory failure that required supplemental oxygen. Among these, 8 children (57% of all children receiving oxygen supplementation) required low-flow oxygen delivery, four children (29%) required high-flow oxygen delivery, and one child (7%) required invasive ventilation. Five children (55% of children with a bacterial CAP) received intravenous antibiotics, while 44% of patients received oral antibiotics. First-line intravenous antibiotics consisted of a third-generation cephalosporin for infants and children older than 1 month, and ampicillin/sulbactam with gentamicin for newborns. Amoxy-clavulanic acid was the first-line oral antibiotic for pneumococcal CAP, while oral clarithromycin was the first line antimicrobic for CAP caused by M. pneumoniae. \u0000Twenty-one children (75% of total patients) were fully vaccinated, three children (11%) had received two doses because of age. Regarding the 10 children with a pneumococcal CAP, seven (70%) were fully vaccinated, one had received two-doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and two were unvaccinated.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44589284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.01
Mahunakpon Vihotogbe Leon Samuel Boris Gogan, Amoussou Sedjro Clotaire Romeo Houegban, C. S. Metchihoungbé, N. Khen-dunlop, Modoukpe Grace Immaculee Sergine Dossou, A. Covi, M. Fiogbe, A. Gbénou
Background/Purpose: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect in the thoracic esophagus associated or not with a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). It is associated with high mortality in low-income countries such as Burkina Faso, Madagascar and Ghana. The purpose of this study was to present the recent management of newborns with EA/TEF in Benin and to identify the needs of families whose children have survived. Method: Over a period of 10 years, 54 newborns with EA/TEF operated on in the 2 largest university hospitals in Benin were included. Two groups were identified. Group A (n=33) included newborns in whom a primary repair had been performed. Group B (n=21) involved newborns who underwent staged repair. Staged repair involved cervical oesophagostomy + gastrostomy (n= 7) or upper oesophageal pouch suction + gastrostomy (n=2) or cervical esophagostomy + stoma of the lower esophageal pouch (n=12). Ten parents from group B were interviewed for the needs survey. The significance level was defined as p < 0.05. Results: There were 31 male newborns. The median for gestational age was 37 gestational weeks (range: 35 - 38). Polyhydramnios was observed in 4 cases. The mean birth weight was 2365 g. (range: 1000 g - 3500 g). The mean age at diagnosis was 3.48 days (range: 24 hours - 19 days). Surgery was performed at day 5 on average with extremes from day 2 to day 17. The surgery lasted an average of 2h12 min and the overall mortality rate was 74.07%. Mortality rate in group A was 100% and 33.33% in group B. There was a strong statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups. (p=19.10-8). Sepsis was the most common cause of death. Stress, fear and anxiety of losing the child were the difficulties frequently encountered at bedtime and every day. Four parents had to stop their activities to be available to take care of their child. All the parents had expressed the need for psychological support. Conclusion: Pending an improvement of the technical platform, staged repair remains an essential option for the survival of patients. The creation of a framework for discussion with families authorizing social actions and quality medical support is desired.
{"title":"Ten Years of Management of Esophageal Atresia in Benin: State of the Art, Experiences and Needs for Families of Children with Stoma","authors":"Mahunakpon Vihotogbe Leon Samuel Boris Gogan, Amoussou Sedjro Clotaire Romeo Houegban, C. S. Metchihoungbé, N. Khen-dunlop, Modoukpe Grace Immaculee Sergine Dossou, A. Covi, M. Fiogbe, A. Gbénou","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2023.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect in the thoracic esophagus associated or not with a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). It is associated with high mortality in low-income countries such as Burkina Faso, Madagascar and Ghana. The purpose of this study was to present the recent management of newborns with EA/TEF in Benin and to identify the needs of families whose children have survived. \u0000Method: Over a period of 10 years, 54 newborns with EA/TEF operated on in the 2 largest university hospitals in Benin were included. Two groups were identified. Group A (n=33) included newborns in whom a primary repair had been performed. Group B (n=21) involved newborns who underwent staged repair. Staged repair involved cervical oesophagostomy + gastrostomy (n= 7) or upper oesophageal pouch suction + gastrostomy (n=2) or cervical esophagostomy + stoma of the lower esophageal pouch (n=12). Ten parents from group B were interviewed for the needs survey. The significance level was defined as p < 0.05. \u0000Results: There were 31 male newborns. The median for gestational age was 37 gestational weeks (range: 35 - 38). Polyhydramnios was observed in 4 cases. The mean birth weight was 2365 g. (range: 1000 g - 3500 g). The mean age at diagnosis was 3.48 days (range: 24 hours - 19 days). Surgery was performed at day 5 on average with extremes from day 2 to day 17. The surgery lasted an average of 2h12 min and the overall mortality rate was 74.07%. Mortality rate in group A was 100% and 33.33% in group B. There was a strong statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups. (p=19.10-8). Sepsis was the most common cause of death. Stress, fear and anxiety of losing the child were the difficulties frequently encountered at bedtime and every day. Four parents had to stop their activities to be available to take care of their child. All the parents had expressed the need for psychological support. \u0000Conclusion: Pending an improvement of the technical platform, staged repair remains an essential option for the survival of patients. The creation of a framework for discussion with families authorizing social actions and quality medical support is desired.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.5
M. Arrabito, S. D'Amico, C. Gulizia, L. Marino, G. Parisi, M. Papale, S. Manti, S. Leonardi
Alagille syndrome [ALGS] is an autosomal dominant, complex multisystem disorder that includes a wide range of clinical aspects, most commonly manifest in infancy or early childhood. It is mostly caused by mutations of genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. The major of clinic manifestations occur in liver, but also other organs, like heart, eye and skeleton can be impaired. Herein we report the story of a family in which four members were diagnosed with ALGS, leading the same gene mutation. The peculiarity of our case lies in the fact that they manifested the disease in different time of their life and with many different symptoms, highlighting the impressive clinical variability of the ALGS and the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of liver impairment disease.
{"title":"Alagille Syndrome Nowadays: “One, no-One and One Hundred Thousand”","authors":"M. Arrabito, S. D'Amico, C. Gulizia, L. Marino, G. Parisi, M. Papale, S. Manti, S. Leonardi","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.5","url":null,"abstract":"Alagille syndrome [ALGS] is an autosomal dominant, complex multisystem disorder that includes a wide range of clinical aspects, most commonly manifest in infancy or early childhood. It is mostly caused by mutations of genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. The major of clinic manifestations occur in liver, but also other organs, like heart, eye and skeleton can be impaired. Herein we report the story of a family in which four members were diagnosed with ALGS, leading the same gene mutation. The peculiarity of our case lies in the fact that they manifested the disease in different time of their life and with many different symptoms, highlighting the impressive clinical variability of the ALGS and the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of liver impairment disease.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.4
C. Mantegazza, V. Silvera, T. Brevini, E. Pozzi, G. Zuccotti
Purpose of review: Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool that is becoming increasingly popular for the prevention and treatment of procedural pain in children. This review aims to investigate the current literature on the use and effectiveness of VR in paediatric procedural pain management, focusing on needle-related procedures, burn wound care, dental procedures among others; limitations and future perspectives on the use of VR will also be highlighted. Recent findings: in addition to the most researched fields of application (e.g. needle procedures), VR has also started to be used in new areas, such as nasal and gastrointestinal endoscopies as well as minor surgeries. From the latest evidence, VR seems to be effective in many procedures, especially compared to no distraction; however, there is conflicting data in the literature due to numerous factors such as differences between technologies, degree of VR-immersion, patients coping styles among others. Summary: there are still no data of absolute certainty on the effectiveness of VR in reducing procedural pain in paediatric patients and data pooling is still difficult. Future research should carry on large randomised-controlled, multicentre studies to better define VR properties and how best to optimise VR software and user experience for maximum pain reduction.
{"title":"Is Virtual Reality a Game Changer in Pediatrics' Acute Pain Perception?","authors":"C. Mantegazza, V. Silvera, T. Brevini, E. Pozzi, G. Zuccotti","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool that is becoming increasingly popular for the prevention and treatment of procedural pain in children. This review aims to investigate the current literature on the use and effectiveness of VR in paediatric procedural pain management, focusing on needle-related procedures, burn wound care, dental procedures among others; limitations and future perspectives on the use of VR will also be highlighted. \u0000Recent findings: in addition to the most researched fields of application (e.g. needle procedures), VR has also started to be used in new areas, such as nasal and gastrointestinal endoscopies as well as minor surgeries. From the latest evidence, VR seems to be effective in many procedures, especially compared to no distraction; however, there is conflicting data in the literature due to numerous factors such as differences between technologies, degree of VR-immersion, patients coping styles among others. \u0000Summary: there are still no data of absolute certainty on the effectiveness of VR in reducing procedural pain in paediatric patients and data pooling is still difficult. Future research should carry on large randomised-controlled, multicentre studies to better define VR properties and how best to optimise VR software and user experience for maximum pain reduction.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.3
V. Talarico, M. Galati, P. Saracco, Giuseppe Raiol, R. Miniero
Absolute iron deficiency (A-ID) is still the most common form of malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia (A-IDA) is the most frequent kind of anemia among children/adolescents in developed countries. Prematurity, decreased dietary source, malabsorption and blood loss represent the prevalent causes of iron deficiency. A-ID and A-IDA will present with a wide variety of symptoms involving multiple organs and systems. Recent literature highlights the association between chronic A-ID and possible delayed motor, cognitive development and decreased cognitive performance. Oral iron administration remains the main treatment. The dose of elemental iron is 2–6 mg/kg/day; recent reports demonstrate that iron administration every other day is equally effective at the doses administered daily with fewer side effects. When normal Haemoglobin (Hb) values are reached, treatment must be generally continued for 3 months in order to replenish iron stores. Rarely intravenous iron administration may be necessary in some selected patients; and the new commercial products based on parenteral iron have shown a good safety profile. Prevention of A-ID might be considered as an important issue of public health.
{"title":"Absolute Iron Deficiency in Children: Review","authors":"V. Talarico, M. Galati, P. Saracco, Giuseppe Raiol, R. Miniero","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.3","url":null,"abstract":"Absolute iron deficiency (A-ID) is still the most common form of malnutrition and iron deficiency anemia (A-IDA) is the most frequent kind of anemia among children/adolescents in developed countries. Prematurity, decreased dietary source, malabsorption and blood loss represent the prevalent causes of iron deficiency. A-ID and A-IDA will present with a wide variety of symptoms involving multiple organs and systems. Recent literature highlights the association between chronic A-ID and possible delayed motor, cognitive development and decreased cognitive performance. Oral iron administration remains the main treatment. The dose of elemental iron is 2–6 mg/kg/day; recent reports demonstrate that iron administration every other day is equally effective at the doses administered daily with fewer side effects. When normal Haemoglobin (Hb) values are reached, treatment must be generally continued for 3 months in order to replenish iron stores. Rarely intravenous iron administration may be necessary in some selected patients; and the new commercial products based on parenteral iron have shown a good safety profile. Prevention of A-ID might be considered as an important issue of public health.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.1
M. Tei, F. Lotti, Flavio Storelli, S. Grosso
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an under-recognized cause of paediatric liver disease. Although DILI in children accounts for about 1% of all reported adverse drug reactions throughout all age groups and less than 10% of all clinical DILI cases, it is responsible for about 20% of acute liver failure (ALF) cases. A wide range of drugs, herbal products and nutritional supplements have been associated with the development of DILI through dose-dependent, idiosyncratic or indirect mechanism. Limited literature is available in pediatric population, making DILI a still challenging diagnosis. An accurate medical history is of pivotal importance and should investigate about drug consumption, clinical and laboratory findings, individual and family risk factors for drug-related side effects or comorbidities, the timing of the injury onset after the implicated agent has been started (latency). Clinical presentation of DILI varies from asymptomatic or very mild to serious and sometimes fatal conditions; laboratory tests may be helpful in ruling out other causes of liver injury but, with few exceptions, they are aspecific. Early suspicion and prompt withdrawal of the offending drug play a key role for a successful management of most cases. Rarely a specific therapy is available, as for acetaminophen toxicity, treated with N-acetylcysteine, and sodium valproate toxicity, where carnitine may be beneficial. Although controlled trials are not available yet, corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid can be considered if no improvement is proven after discontinuation of drug. The present short review is not intended to deal with all aspects concerning DILI but to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, practical management and current challenges in paediatric age.
{"title":"Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Paediatrics: A Short Review","authors":"M. Tei, F. Lotti, Flavio Storelli, S. Grosso","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an under-recognized cause of paediatric liver disease. Although DILI in children accounts for about 1% of all reported adverse drug reactions throughout all age groups and less than 10% of all clinical DILI cases, it is responsible for about 20% of acute liver failure (ALF) cases. A wide range of drugs, herbal products and nutritional supplements have been associated with the development of DILI through dose-dependent, idiosyncratic or indirect mechanism. Limited literature is available in pediatric population, making DILI a still challenging diagnosis. An accurate medical history is of pivotal importance and should investigate about drug consumption, clinical and laboratory findings, individual and family risk factors for drug-related side effects or comorbidities, the timing of the injury onset after the implicated agent has been started (latency). Clinical presentation of DILI varies from asymptomatic or very mild to serious and sometimes fatal conditions; laboratory tests may be helpful in ruling out other causes of liver injury but, with few exceptions, they are aspecific. Early suspicion and prompt withdrawal of the offending drug play a key role for a successful management of most cases. \u0000Rarely a specific therapy is available, as for acetaminophen toxicity, treated with N-acetylcysteine, and sodium valproate toxicity, where carnitine may be beneficial. Although controlled trials are not available yet, corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid can be considered if no improvement is proven after discontinuation of drug. \u0000The present short review is not intended to deal with all aspects concerning DILI but to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, practical management and current challenges in paediatric age.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.2
Anca Daniela Pînzaru, C. Mihai, Adina Ungureanu, S. Cambrea
Introduction: Considered a medical burden due to financial high consumption and leading to human losses the preventable congenital malformation determined by the TORCH system is still encountered in our activity. Purpose: Infant mortality is considered an important medical problem for all countries. Romania has been ranked first in Europe at infant mortality for many years in a row. Looking for strategies to decrease these results is our main purpose. Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Clinical County Hospital of Constanta. Through a 5-year-period (March 2015- March 2020) 21 patients, aged 1-12 months were retrospectively analyzed. Results: According to seroprevalence distribution we gathered CMV - 9 cases, syphilis -7 cases, Hepatitis B -2 cases, congenital rubella -1 case, toxoplasmosis and HIV- 1 case each. As we can notice the higher incidence is determined by cytomegalovirus (CMV), followed by congenital syphilis and hepatitis B virus. Main complains at admission were fever (33,6%), lymphadenopathy (22,6%), seizures (12%), respiratory distress (2.5%), jaundice (5,3%), vomiting (1%), growth deficit (26%), microcephaly (4.3%), rash (15,3%). After the initial physical exam and complementary investigations, it was determined that 38% of the cases had severe neurological impairment. 25.6% were diagnosed with epilepsy. 78.5% were born preterm, and more than half were secondary to CMV infection. Conclusion: TORCH complex has in important impact on mothers as well as on newborns and later it could affect the future adult life and health.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Congenital Malformation Secondary to TORCH Infection in Southeastern Romania","authors":"Anca Daniela Pînzaru, C. Mihai, Adina Ungureanu, S. Cambrea","doi":"10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12974/2311-8687.2022.10.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Considered a medical burden due to financial high consumption and leading to human losses the preventable congenital malformation determined by the TORCH system is still encountered in our activity. Purpose: Infant mortality is considered an important medical problem for all countries. Romania has been ranked first in Europe at infant mortality for many years in a row. Looking for strategies to decrease these results is our main purpose. \u0000Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Clinical County Hospital of Constanta. Through a 5-year-period (March 2015- March 2020) 21 patients, aged 1-12 months were retrospectively analyzed. \u0000Results: According to seroprevalence distribution we gathered CMV - 9 cases, syphilis -7 cases, Hepatitis B -2 cases, congenital rubella -1 case, toxoplasmosis and HIV- 1 case each. As we can notice the higher incidence is determined by cytomegalovirus (CMV), followed by congenital syphilis and hepatitis B virus. Main complains at admission were fever (33,6%), lymphadenopathy (22,6%), seizures (12%), respiratory distress (2.5%), jaundice (5,3%), vomiting (1%), growth deficit (26%), microcephaly (4.3%), rash (15,3%). After the initial physical exam and complementary investigations, it was determined that 38% of the cases had severe neurological impairment. 25.6% were diagnosed with epilepsy. 78.5% were born preterm, and more than half were secondary to CMV infection. \u0000Conclusion: TORCH complex has in important impact on mothers as well as on newborns and later it could affect the future adult life and health.","PeriodicalId":91713,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatrics and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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