Journal of nutrition & intermediary metabolism最新文献

Background/objective

Little Research has been done to evaluate the vitamin E status in healthy Singaporean adults, and to examine the associations between vitamin E status, adiposity, metabolic disorders, and bone health.

Subjects/methods

A total of 100 healthy Singaporeans (mean age 46.6 ± 13.1 years; 28% men) were recruited. Their serum Vitamin E, i.e. α- and γ-tocopherol, levels were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).

Results

There was no significant difference in vitamin E levels between men and women. Moreover, no participants showed vitamin E deficiency and 38 of them have adequate α-tocopherol levels (>12.9 mg/L). An association was observed between serum vitamin E status and supplements usage. An association was also seen between α-tocopherol with FBG, TG, TC, and LDL-C; but no association was found between vitamin E levels, measures of obesity and bone health.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the prevalence rate of vitamin E deficiency in Singapore was low. Circulating vitamin E levels were associated with glycaemia and lipid disorders. Therefore, vitamin E level could play a role in delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes.

In this 12 weeks randomized parallel controlled trial, we investigated whether the daily intake of orange juice (OJ) associated with a balanced diet attenuates risk factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reverses this condition. Patients were divided into two groups: control (n = 36) and OJ (n = 36), which adopted a balanced diet according to the MetS guidelines. In addition, the OJ group consumed 500 mL/d OJ, maintaining the recommended dietary energy intake but adding more vitamin C (133%) and folic acid (43%) than controls. After the intervention, both groups showed a mean reduction of glucose (−3%), cholesterol (−7.5%), HDLC (−8%), BMI (−2%), waist circumference (−5.5%), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−8% and −9.5%, respectively). However, only the OJ group decreased insulin (−9%), insulin resistance (- 8%), LDL-C (−4%), CRP (−28%) and higher hsCRP levels (−61%), while the control group reduced exclusively triglycerides (−8.4%). Both groups showed a slight increase in antioxidant capacity (1%). The reversion of MetS to normality was similar in both groups: 12 out of 36 controls (33%) and 13 out of 36 subjects supplemented with OJ (36%). MetS reversal was due to a decrease in the risk factors, such as systolic pressure in the controls, and high glucose, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and LDL-C, without altering HDL-C, in the OJ group. In conclusion, both treatments reduced risk factors and together reversed more than 30% MetS to normal, but the addition of OJ mitigated more risk factors than the balanced diet alone. (NCT 03301675).

Muscle mass is controlled by the balance between muscle synthesis and degradation. Although nutrition is important for the maintenance of muscle mass and growth, the effects of feeding time have remained unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of day- or night-time-restricted feeding on the muscle volume using muscle atrophy and hypertrophy mouse models. The day- and night-time-restricted feeding was conducted from zeitgeber time 2 (ZT2) to ZT10 and ZT14 to ZT22, respectively. In the unilateral immobilization-induced atrophy model, the decrease in immobilized muscle weight did not significantly change with the feeding time. However, the contralateral non-immobilized muscle weight was lower in the mice fed at day time (inactive phase) than in those fed at night time (active phase). In the overloading-induced hypertrophy model, muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis were attenuated by day-time feeding. These results suggest that day-time feeding attenuated muscle growth via the inhibition of muscle synthesis. Feeding at an irregular time such as a late-night meal could be detrimental for muscle growth.

Background

Night sweats (NS) are very prevalent in children. While numerous studies focus on NS in adults, there is a dearth of information on this condition addressing mainly children.

Methods

In this pre-post intervention study, 18 to 20-month-old subjects with severe NS but no medical conditions were assigned to a two-week sugar-and-spice-free diet. After the intervention, the prevalence, severity, frequency, and accompanying symptoms of the subjects' NS were determined in both the compliant and less compliant subjects.

Results

The population's prevalence rate of severe NS was 13.8% with no statically significant difference in age, gender, and weight. There was a positive correlation between the severity and frequency of NS. Of 29 subjects, 12 (41.4%) were completely treated, 15 (51.7%) were partially treated, and five (6.9%) experienced no change. Concerning the frequency of NS, 15 (51.7%) experienced a significant reduction, four (13.7%) a slight reduction, and 10 (34.6%) experienced no change. Also, 18 (62.1%) subjects reportedly experienced a promotion in their sleep quality.

Conclusion

Higher consumption of sugar and spices is associated with both a greater magnitude of night sweats and their frequency. Cutting down on sugar and spices, on the other hand, can result in not only a significant reduction in both the severity and frequency of night sweats but also a promotion in sleep quality.

IRCT2014020516432N1.

Complex epigenetic mechanisms are involved in aging and longevity. Nutrition has a strong impact upon epigenetic processes and, therefore, holds promising roles in regulation of longevity and aging. In this review, we combine recently published information regarding nutrition and its impact on epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in metabolic responses that lead to aging in a narrative way with questions and future directions at the end of each section. The paper strictly focuses on modulation of DNA methylation (DNAm) by nutrients, and its role in regulation of aging process. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutrition influences epigenome is crucial for the development of preventive and interventional strategies to increase well-being and health for a sustainable longevity.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. General methods for cancer treatment have many side effects, while biological treatments such as probiotics consumption not only have no undesirable effects, but also are more acceptable method to treat the disease. Although probiotics have been recommended to therapy some diseases such inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic disorders, but their action mechanism is unknown. In this work, to investigate the inhibition effects of probiotics on Hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer progression, the genes involved in cancerous process were investigated in 38 Bulb/c mice. they divided into four groups including (I) Control (Healthy, without probiotic consumption) (II) Azoxymethane induced mice (III) AOM induced mice fed with Lactobacillus acidophilus, and (IV) AOM induced mice fed with Bifidobactrum bifidioum and the expression of four selected microRNAs and their target genes were analysed. The results showed that Azoxymethane, a potent colon carcinogen, treatment induced the expression of miR-221, miR-155 (in blood), Bcl-w and KRAS expression and decreased miR-122, PTEN and PU.1 expression in blood, but it has no effect on miR-18a in the liver tissue. The probiotic consumption enhanced miR-122 and PU.1 (in blood) as significant overexpression and down-regulated miR-221, miR-155 (in blood), Bcl-w and KRAS. Thus, the probiotics can help to control of cancer progression through postponing of metastasis process, reducing of inflammation and down and up-regulation of oncogenes/oncomirs and tumor suppressor genes/microRNAs, respectively.

Recent interest has focused on the use of high-fibre foods as potential ingredients for lowering the glycaemic index of most carbohydrate-based meals. The objective of this study was to examine glycaemic responses to two defined breakfasts. The reference breakfast and the test breakfast differed only in the type of bread (white vs. wholemeal), and were administered three times to volunteers (2 men, 8 women). Capillary blood glucose was monitored in the fasting state 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after breakfast consumption. The incremental areas under the glucose response curves were calculated for each type of breakfast and compared with those of glucose to determine the glycaemic indices. The glycaemic index of the reference breakfast was 26.6 (±6.2), with that of the test breakfast significantly lower at 18.1 (±6.0). The mixed-food test breakfast with wholemeal bread was rich in soluble fibre (β-glucans) for a lower glycaemic load than the white bread, and provided a lower glycaemic response in the volunteers. The inter-volunteer variability in glycaemic index was large, with some showing lower responses to the test breakfast (glycaemic index, 12.4–21.1) and some showing high responses to the test breakfast (glycaemic index, 25.9–27.4).

The present study was intended to assess the anti-obesity efficiency of methanolic extracts of leaves of Acalypha indica, Pergularia daemia and Tinospora cordifolia in WNIN/GR-Ob rats. Leaves of three plants were extracted with methanol by using soxhlet apparatus and flash evaporated. WNIN/GR-Ob rats were taken for this study and plant extracts were supplemented to rats in the form of handmade pellets along with standard dietfor 30 days. We evaluated the effects of plant extracts on body and organ weights, blood glucose, and lipid profiles, body composition by TOBEC and DXA and histopathological analysis as well. In the current study, we found that decreased body and organ weights, blood glucose and increased bone mineral density and bone mineral concentration were noticed. We also observed that decreased lipid levels and altered body composition parameters were restored to near normal in treated obese rats when compared to untreated rats. Histopathological study confirmed that these three plant extracts significantly reduced the pathological changes in treated groups caused by obesity. Hence, these results suggest that plant extracts of metanolic extract of A. indica, P. daemia and T. cordifolia (200 mg/kg BW) may be consider in the treatment of obesity.

Background

Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) levels. Low 25(OH)VitD has been associated with several emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, while VitD administration may ameliorate them.

Aim

To study the effect of 25(OH)VitD supplementation plus dietary instructions on novel CVD risk factors in MetS patients.

Methods

This is a pre-specified analysis of a previously published study. Patients with MetS (n = 50, 52 ± 10 years) were given dietary instructions and were randomized to receive either 25(OH)VitD, 2.000 IU/day p.o. (Suppl group) or nothing (No-Suppl group). Serum 25(OH)VitD, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL), as well as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (LpPLA₂) activity, leptin and adiponectin levels were measured at baseline and 3 months later.

Results

In the Suppl group 25(OH)VitD levels increased by 90% [from 16.1 (3.3–35.1) to 30.6 (8.4–67.6) ng/mL, p = 0.001] and by 33.3% [from 9.9 (4.0–39.6) to 13.2 (3.5–36.8) ng/mL, p = NS] in the No-Suppl group. sdLDL serum levels, mean LDL size, LpPLA₂ activity, leptin, adiponectin concentration and leptin to adiponectin ratio did not change significantly in both groups.

Conclusion

In this small study the administration of 25(OH)VitD plus dietary intervention in patients with MetS were not associated with any significant change in various emerging CVD risk factors. (NCT01237769 ClinicalTrials.gov).

Purpose

Inflammatory contributions from diet and adiposity may interact with respect to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the degree to which adiposity modified the association between dietary inflammatory potential and incident T2DM.

Methods

Data from 6,016 US men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed a 3-day diet record were used. The inflammatory potential of diet was characterized by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®), and adiposity was assessed with body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF) and waist-to-height ratio. Inverse probability weights were used in modified Poisson regression models to examine whether adiposity modifies the relationship between the DII and T2DM, while accounting for selection bias from participants who were lost to follow-up.

Results

There were 336 incident cases of T2DM after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. DII scores were not significantly associated with T2DM incidence in multivariable models, but point estimates were consistently elevated across increasing DII quartiles compared to the most anti-inflammatory DII quartile. In the model that evaluated BF, the term for overall effect modification was significant (p = 0.02), but there was no evidence of effect modification on the multiplicative and additive scales when examined further. Effect modification was not present for any other adiposity measures.

Conclusions

We did not observe evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet, as measured by the DII, is associated with incidence of T2DM, nor evidence that adiposity modifies a potential relationship. Further investigation is needed in larger cohorts with longer follow-up.