Journal of nutrition & intermediary metabolism最新文献

Background

Maternal phosphatidylcholine supplements have shown benefit in the development of the human fetal brain, as assessed both by newborn physiological measurements and by a related decrease in later childhood behavioral abnormalities. However, the relatively low choline component of phosphatidylcholine mandates high doses that are difficult for pregnant women to consume.

Objective

Betaine can substitute for some choline effects. The hypothesis was that betaine supplementation would significantly increase women's serum choline.

Design

A three-arm crossover clinical trial was used to assess serum concentrations of choline after betaine supplements at two doses, in comparison with phosphatidylcholine supplementation. The effects of both a single dose and of one-week twice-daily doses were assessed in normal non-pregnant women.

Results

Betaine supplements at two doses failed to increase serum choline concentrations after single administration or one-week twice-daily dosing. Phosphatidylcholine supplements raised choline concentrations after both single doses (mean change from baseline 8.34 ± 7.29 ng/ml, paired t = 3.24, df 7, p = 0.014, range 1–21 ng/ml, d’ = 1.15) and one-week twice-daily doses (mean change from baseline 4.58 ± 3.68 ng/ml standard deviation; paired t = 3.51, df 7, p < 0.001, range 2–13 ng/ml, d’ = 2.65). Betaine concentrations rose after both betaine and phosphatidylcholine supplementation.

Conclusions

Betaine supplements did not substitute for phosphatidylcholine supplements, which raise serum choline concentrations both after a single dose and after repeated administration. However, serum betaine concentrations did rise after both betaine and phosphatidylcholine consumption and, therefore, betaine may be a stable indicator of choline intake.

Circulating plasma fatty acids may play detrimental roles in metabolic health. Elevated fatty acid levels are always associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, few studies have been conducted to examine the fasting plasma fatty acid profiles of healthy Asian populations with respect to obesity and metabolic health. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 172 healthy adults living in Singapore (age, 40 ± 14 y; 62 men). Our results show that no significant relationships between circulating fatty acid levels, obesity and insulin resistance were observed in current participants. While saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) elicited hypercholesterolemia effects, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-6, were hypocholesterolemic. Moreover, the most abundant fatty acids in the present participants included oleic acid (OA), palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), and linoleic acid (LA). While OA and SA were positively correlated with TG and TC, LA was negatively correlated with TG, TC, and LDL-C, but positively correlated with HDL-C. These results suggested that there are some adverse features in the plasma fatty acid profiles in present participants with respect to metabolic health. This information is useful in making dietary recommendations to provide the ideal fatty acid profiles that may reduce the cardiovascular risks of Chinese population living in Singapore.

The ginger rhizome is widely used for the treatment of diseases and conditions, such as inflammatory and respiratory ailments, which are prevalent in smokers. This study is the first study of the effects of an aqueous ginger extract on the immune system cells and antibodies, thyroid hormones, and hematology in smokers compared to non-smokers. An aqueous ginger extract was administered to 68 male Saudi healthcare workers (33 smokers and 35 non-smokers) daily for 21 days. Blood samples were collected before and after the experimental period to determine the complete and differential blood counts; and concentrations of C-reactive protein, IgG, IgM, and thyroid hormones. Results showed that before consumption of the extract, smokers had a significantly lower mean neutrophil count and higher mean red blood cell (RBC) count compared to non-smokers. At the end of the experimental period, compared to non-smokers, smokers had a significantly higher mean lymphocyte and RBC counts, and hemoglobin concentration; and a significantly lower mean neutrophil count, and IgM and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. In conclusion, the extract had different effects on cells and antibodies of the immune system in smokers and non-smokers, although both benefited from enhancement of the thyroid gland. Smokers experienced increases in mean RBC counts and hemoglobin levels, thus ginger may be beneficial for smokers with anemia. Non-smokers had increased mean IgM levels, which may lead to a stronger antibody response, or humoral immunity, against infections. Therefore, the aqueous ginger extract had benefits for both smokers and non-smokers.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the hesperidin anti-hyperglycemic and hypo-lipidemic effects on diabetic myocardial infraction (DMI) rats by decreasing the blood glucose and blood cholesterol contents. The object of the study was to examine the 7groups of male Wistar rats, each group contains 6 rats, Group I (normal), Group II diabetic (control) and 5(experimental) groups, i.e., Group III (diabetic + hesperidin), Group IV (diabetic + Glibenclamide), Group V (ISO), Group VI (diabetic + ISO) and Group VII (diabetic + ISO + hesperidin). By that intake of hesperidin regulates the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by decreasing the cholesterols in blood and plasma insulin by hyperlipidamic and anti-hyperglycemic activity. The rats turns to diabetic with single intraperitonial STZ injection (50 mg/kg BW), and from the second week the rats diet were switched to a high fat diet, i.e., cholesterol (40%), fat (50%), Protein (50%) turns to be hyperlipidamic rats and with Isoproterenol (ISO) single intraperitoneal injection by the (11 mg/kg BW) turns to DMI rats. The DMI rats fed with the hesperidin 100mg/kg BW for 4 weeks had significantly reduced the blood glucose (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL concentrations, when compared with experimental groups (p < 0.05). A significantly increased blood glucose and body weight was observed in hesperidin treated diabetic groups (P < 0.05) by comparing with the experimental groups. In conclusion, orally supplementation of hesperidin possesses a significant decrease in total blood lipid profiles and plasma insulin concentrations accompanied by the anti-hyperglycemic, hypo-lipidemic activity in DMI rats.

The two paradoxical major health problems namely obesity and anemia are confirmed to affect millions around the world. Hepcidin, a protein synthesized in liver is a negative iron binding regulator. There is an affirmative relation between hepcidin and leptin levels and an inverse co-relation between hepcidin and iron status due to inflammation mediated by obesity in adolescents. So this implicates an alliance between anemia and obesity wherein weight reduction can be a powerful medium to improve iron absorption in obese adolescents. Also the Body Mass Index can serve as a preliminary non-invasive screening tool to identify potential adolescents prone to anemia.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum concentration of vitamin D, vitamin K, and osteocalcin with coronary atherosclerosis in patients undergoing angiography.

Design

In this case-control study, 138 people who referred to Bushehr Heart Center for routine examination participated. Demographic information of the participants was registered by using a standard questionnaire. Before undergoing the angiographic processes, venous blood samples were obtained via venipuncture from the antecubital vein into gel and clot activator tubes and stored at – 80 °C until the analysis. After the angiography process was over, the normal participants entered the control group and those with coronary atherosclerosis plaque placed in the case group. Finally, serum levels of vitamin K2 and Osteocalcin were measured in the samples, by using ELISA kits and the serum level of vitamin D was measured by using HPLC.

Result

serum levels of vitamin D in the case group were significantly lower than in the control (p = 0.009) and, serum levels of osteocalcin in the case group were significantly higher than in the control (P = 0.019). There was no difference in K2 level between the two groups (P = 0.84). By separating the three factors like age, sex and T2DM in the two groups, a significant synergistic was found between the concentration of osteocalcin, vitamin D (just in <20 ng/ml) and coronary atherosclerosis (p = 0.025, p = 0.029 respectively). Further, an association was observed between vitamin D level and the severity of atherosclerosis (P = 0.041).).

Conclusion

the results of this study suggest that the increase in the level of osteocalcin and the deficiency of vitamin D is significantly associated with coronary atherosclerosis but, not with vitamin k2. Moreover, serum vitamin D concentration is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of purple grape juice Vitis labrusca L consumption during pregnancy-lactation and/or post-lactation on the brain-behavior and oxidative stress parameters of male offspring. We used 48 male offspring from 14 Wistar rats. They were fed grape juice or water by gavage daily for 42 days (gestation and lactation). Afterwards, the offspring were divided into groups, water or juice, fed daily by gavage (7 μL/g) for 30 days post-lactation. After the treatment, the behavioral tests were performed. We analyzed the body weight (g) gain during the post-lactation treatment. Subsequently, they were euthanized and cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were removed for analysis. About the body weight gain we didn't observed any differences between the groups. In the open field test, the grape juice consumption (pregnancy and in post-lactation period) increased grooming and latency and led to a decrease in the number of fecal bolus. However, grape juice consumption during pregnancy or on post-lactation period promoted a reduction on protein oxidation in the cerebellum and cortex, and increased non-enzymatic defense in all tissues. Juice consumption during pregnancy promoted an increase in SOD activity in the cortex and hippocampus. CAT activity was modulated by the consumption of juice during pregnancy, in cortex the activity decreased and in the hippocampus it increased. Grape juice consumption during pregnancy may promote health benefits of offspring, such as reducing damage to proteins, increasing non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and modulating the activity of enzymes SOD and CAT also promoting an anxiolytic effect in the offspring.

Some studies suggest that eating more than one egg daily may increase risk of death from cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of consuming eggs on various serum markers associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Forty-five independently living adults diagnosed with early macular degeneration, but healthy otherwise were recruited into the study. Subjects were placed into the Intervention (n = 27) or Control group (n = 18) based on whether or not they would consume eggs. The Intervention group consumed 12 eggs per week while the Control group refrained from consuming any whole egg products for 1 year. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1 and apo B, lipoprotein (Lp)_a and high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was calculated via the Friedewald equation. Serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo A-1, apo B, Lp_a and hsCRP concentrations did not change at any time in both the Intervention and Control groups compared to baseline nor were there any differences between the two treatment. Serum glucose concentrations did increase significantly in the Intervention group at 6 months compared to baseline (23%, P < 0.05) but decreased back to baseline concentrations at 12 months. This study suggests that the consumption of 12 eggs per week for 1 year does not significantly alter fasting serum lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, or other biomarkers of CVD in older adults diagnosed with early macular degeneration.

Mixed environmental toxicants particularly mixed-metals had been implicated as testicular endocrine disruptors. Functional foods were applied in traditional medicine since decades for the treatment of several reproductive defects with limited scientific basis. The finding examines the steroidogenic proteins and neuroendocrine hormones linked to spermatogenesis and testicular wellness when exposed to toxicant-liquid from Elewi-odo vehicle-battery recycling site (EOMABRL) in rat, following treatment with black seed flour. Rats were distributed into six assemblages (n = 8): normal rats; normal rats administered with 10% and 20% black seed flour (BSF), respectively; testicular exposed rat; exposed rats treated with 10% and 20% supplementation of BSF, respectively; for 14 days. EOMABRL intoxication inhibited Δ⁵ 3β-HSD and Δ⁵ 17β-HSD activities and declined FSH, LH and testosterone levels. Diet supplemented with BSF at 10% and 20% significantly (p < 0.05) increased testicular steroidogenic enzymes (Δ^5-17β-HSD and Δ^5-17β-HSD) as well neuroendocrine hormones (LH, FSH) and testosterone levels in EOMABRL-intoxicated rats. Also, BSF prevented the alterations associated with spermatogenesis by potentiating seminiferous tubules (STs) and spermatocytes. We therefore concluded that diet formulated with BSF triggers the production of testicular endocrine hormones and hypothalamus pituitary–testicular axis via resuscitating germ cells in compromised rats.