Biomarkers in medicine最新文献

Aim: This study uses blood routine, coagulation and biochemical indicators to explore the relationship between the hematological parameters of patients with various types of liver diseases.Methods: The Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the hematological parameters and clinical characteristics of three groups of patients with different degrees of liver disease. Spearman correlation analysis is used to analyze the correlation between two continuous variables. The logistic regression model evaluated the odds ratio between variables and disease changes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to understand the predictive value of each index in relation to the progress of liver disease.Results: There are differences in inflammation and coagulation profiles among different types of liver diseases and there is a correlation between them. In addition to the traditional marker α-fetoprotein, the inflammatory marker c-reactive protein and the coagulation marker D-dimer also have good diagnostic value for liver injury.Conclusion: The coagulation and inflammation systems interact, are connected and play essential roles in the liver.

Aim: to assess the evolution of fragmented QRS (fQRS) and NT-proBNP levels during myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: Among 511 patients, 205 (40.1%) had fQRS, with 54 (26.3%) developing de novo fragmentation during hospitalization.Results: NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in the fQRS+ group compared with the fQRS- group (1555 vs. 796 pg/ml, p < 0.001). NT-proBNP levels were higher in patients with de novo fragmentation than in those without (2852 vs. 1370 pg/ml, p = 0.011). The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was notably higher in fQRS+ patients compared with fQRS- patients (p = 0.001).Conclusion: In acute MI, there was a significant association between fQRS and NT-proBNP levels, with higher NT-proBNP levels observed in those with de novo fQRS compared with those without.

Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary human malignant tumor that affects the bones, mostly arises in children and adolescents. Even though surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy has improved the survival rate up to 60%, the long-term positive effect for most patients with OS is not satisfactory. Hence, elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OS is particularly important. Aurora-B, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a crucial role in centrosome regulation, spindle formation and chromosomal separation during mitosis. It has been found that Aurora-B overexpression is related to the occurrence and development of several malignant tumors, including OS. This article summarizes the role of Aurora-B in the invasion and metastasis of OS.

Aim: To explore the association between two systemic inflammation markers, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and glaucoma. Materials & methods: The authors searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies comparing PLR and LMR levels in glaucoma patients and healthy controls. Results: Analysis revealed that glaucoma patients exhibited significantly elevated PLR levels and reduced LMR compared with nonglaucoma controls. These findings were consistent across various glaucoma types, with the exception of secondary glaucoma, where the association with PLR was less significant. Conclusion: The authors found PLR and LMR to be potential valuable biomarkers for glaucoma identification and progression monitoring. These findings highlight the role of systemic inflammation in glaucoma pathogenesis.

Aim: To evaluate whether PRAMEF12 can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for glioma. Methods: We examined PRAMEF12 expression in multiple normal and glioma tissues. The diagnostic value of PRAMEF12 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The effect of PRAMEF12 ablation on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis was investigated. Database analyses were utilized for functional enrichment analysis. Results: PRAMEF12 expression in normal tissue was restricted to the human testis. PRAMEF12 displayed significant diagnostic value in glioma. PRAMEF12 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and resulted in induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PRAMEF12 may participate in cancer. Conclusion: PRAMEF12, a novel cancer/testis gene, may be a potential new diagnostic biomarker for glioma.

Aim: To identify novel metabolic biomarkers for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods: The metabolites in the sera of 63 patients with AIS aged 45∼77 years and 60 healthy individuals were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. The efficiency of significantly altered metabolites as biomarkers of AIS was evaluated by ROC curve analysis.Results: Different metabolic profiles were revealed in AIS patients' sera compared with healthy persons. Twelve significantly altered metabolites had an area under the curve (AUC) value >0.80, demonstrating their potential as a biomarker of AIS. Among them, six metabolites are firstly reported to distinguish between AIS patients and healthy individuals.Conclusion: These 12 metabolites can be further researched as potential diagnostic biomarkers of AIS.

Kidney transplantation is the most efficient renal replacement therapy. Current diagnostics for monitoring graft health are either invasive or lack precision. Metabolomics is an emerging discipline focused on the analysis of the small molecules involved in metabolism. Given the kidneys' central role in metabolic homeostasis and previous observations of altered metabolites correlating with restricted kidney graft function, metabolomics is highly promising for the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of novel diagnostics. In this perspective, we summarize the known metabolic roles for the kidney, discuss biomarkers of graft health and immune status emerging from metabolomics research, and provide our perspective on how these and future findings can be integrated in clinical practice to enable precision diagnostics.

Background: The Naples prognostic score (NPS), which reflects the inflammatory and nutritional status of patients, is often used to determine prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prognostic value of the NPS in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine patients diagnosed with APE were divided into two groups according to their NPS, and long-term mortality was compared. Results: The long-term mortality was observed in 38 patients out of 293 patients in the mean follow-up of 24 months. Multivariate analysis showed that NPS as a categorical parameter and NPS as a numeric parameter were independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusion: This study highlights that NPS may have the potential to predict long-term mortality in APE patients.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of malignancy. Diagnosis relies on both contrast enhancement on imaging and malignant cells in cerebral spinal fluid cytology. Though early detection and prompt intervention improves survival, the detection of LM is limited by false negatives. A rare brainstem imaging finding uncovered specifically in EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer patients may represent an early sign of LM. This sign demonstrates high signal on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences, but paradoxically lacks correlative contrast enhancement. Here we report a case of a 72-year-old female EGFR-positive lung cancer patient who developed this lesion following treatment with two first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors then showed subsequent response to osimertinib, an irreversible third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Aim: ITIH4 has anti-inflammatory properties toward eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammation. This study aimed to explore clinical value of ITIH4 in childhood asthma.Materials & methods: Serum ITIH4 and inflammatory cytokines were determined in 120 childhood asthma patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: In the entire and acute exacerbation patients, ITIH4 positively associated with IFN-γ, but negatively related to proinflammatory cytokines. ITIH4 was lowest in patients with acute exacerbation, followed by chronic persistent, and highest in clinical remission. By receiver-operating characteristic analysis, ITIH4 potentially estimated acute exacerbation asthma risk. Moreover, ITIH4 negatively related to exacerbation severity in acute exacerbation patients.Conclusion: Serum ITIH4 negatively links with Th2 cell signature cytokine, proinflammatory cytokines, exacerbation risk and severity in childhood asthma.