Biomarkers in medicine最新文献

Objective: The immunoproteasome is linked to endothelial function and may act as a proangiogenic factor. This study explored its predictive value for coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods: We enrolled 252 STEMI patients from April 2021 to April 2024. Plasma levels of LMP2, LMP7, and PSMB10 were measured using ELISA. ROC curves assessed predictive ability for good CCC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified predictors, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis evaluated the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.

Results: Patients with good CCC had significantly higher plasma levels of immunoproteasome components. Among them, LMP7 showed the best predictive value (AUC = 0.732), with an optimal cut-off of 3.824 ng/mL. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed LMP7 ≥3.824 ng/mL as an independent predictor for good CCC [OR = 7.914 (4.127-15.174)]. RCS analysis showed a J-shaped association: the odds of good CCC increased notably when LMP7 exceeded 3.824 ng/mL. Subgroup analyses supported these findings.

Conclusion: Higher plasma immunoproteasome levels, especially LMP7 ≥3.824 ng/mL, were independently associated with good CCC in STEMI patients, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker of collateral development.

Aims: In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is disrupted. This study examined the association between serum angiotensin 1 (Ang 1), angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), and Mas receptor levels and OSA severity.

Material and methods: A total of 190 subjects underwent polysomnography and serum analysis for Ang 1, Ang 1-7, and Mas using ELISA. Patients were classified into control, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups based on AHI.

Results: Ang 1-7, Ang 1, and serum Mas levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe OSA groups compared to control and mild OSA (p < 0.001). Negative correlations were found between these biomarkers and AHI (e.g. Ang 1-7: R = -0.597, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed strong diagnostic performance: AUC was 0.864 for Ang 1-7, 0.873 for Ang 1, and 0.837 for Mas, with sensitivity of 98%, 98%, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusion: Reduced levels of Ang 1-7, Ang 1, and Mas are associated with increased OSA severity. These biomarkers demonstrated high diagnostic value and may be useful in stratifying patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.

Background: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. Early diagnosis of GC can increase survival rate and treatment outcome. In the present study, the expression of lncRNA ANRASSF1 was evaluated in gastric tumor tissues.

Methods: One hundred and two pairs of gastric tumors and non-tumor tissues were collected from Tabriz International Valiasr Hospital, Iran. RNA was extracted, followed by cDNA synthesis. Expression of ANRASSF1 was assessed using real-time PCR method.

Results: ANRASSF1 was significantly overexpressed in GC (p < 0.001). We found a significant association between ANRASSF1 expression and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014), Helicobacter pylori infection (p = 0.029), and Lauren subtypes (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: LncRNA ANRASSF1 appears to have an oncogenic role in GC, and it may be regarded as a diagnosis and prognostic biomarker in patients with GC.

Aim: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is localized or generalized dilatation of the coronary artery lumen. CAE is difficult to diagnose, treat, and manage and is associated with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. In our study, we aimed to evaluate and compare these predictive parameters of CAE.

Materials & methods: We conducted a study that involved analyzing patients who had underwent angiography for acute coronary syndrome. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of CAE. The Cox regression analysis considered significant predictors for CAE while assessing independent variables. ROC Curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive capability of these variables for CAE, and area under the curve (AUC) values were compared.

Results: 2279 patients included in the study were followed for an average of 498 days. Coronary ectasia was present in 5.35% of the patients. LDL/HDL ratio and lymphocyte count independently predicted CAE.

Conclusion: In our study, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and lymphopenia were observed to independently predict CAE. LDL/HDL ratio obtained from standard blood tests can be used as a cost-effective and simple method to predict CAE, making a significant contribution to treatment planning, prognosis and patient follow-up.

Background: HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) has a high short-term mortality rate, making early prognosis vital. This study investigated the predictive value of the neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) in HBV-ACLF.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed consecutive patients hospitalized with HBV-ACLF to identify risk factors for 90-day mortality. Disease severity was assessed using the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for mortality.

Results: A total of 189 patients with HBV-ACLF were included in the analysis. The 90-day mortality rate was 45.5%. Higher NPAR levels were markedly associated with an increased mortality risk and were identified as an independent predictor comparable to the MELD score. The combination of NPAR and MELD score provided better prognostic accuracy than use of either marker alone.

Conclusions: NPAR is a valuable predictor of 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients, and its combination with the MELD score improves prognostic accuracy.

Background: Skin biopsies have >95% sensitivity and specificity to detect the presence of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (P-SYN).

Objective: To determine the frequency of cutaneous P-SYN in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Design, setting and participants: The Syn-D study is a multicenter prospective clinical trial from ~10 centers across the United States that includes patients with MCI-AD or MCI-DLB.

Methods: Patients will undergo skin biopsies for detection of P-SYN and plasma biomarkers for ptau-217 to determine biomarker positivity rates at the MCI stage and will be followed longitudinally to determine final clinical diagnosis as defined by an expert panel of clinicians blinded to biomarker results.

Main outcomes and measures: The co-primary outcomes include: 1) The sensitivity of skin biopsy detection of P-SYN in patients with clinical diagnoses of MCI due to DLB or AD at baseline and at 12-month follow-up 2) To report the frequency with which cutaneous deposition of P-SYN and blood-based AD biomarkers co-exist in a population of patients with MCI.

Discussion: This will be the first in-vivo study to determine the co-existence of biomarkers for both diseases as a surrogate for co-pathology.

Trial registration: NCT05479552.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine PAB levels as a predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult and elderly subjects.

Methods: The data from 386 subjects who had died during the study were age- and sex-matched to 386 subjects that remained alive, and PAB levels were compared. PAB was evaluated using a mixed enzymatic/chemical method involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction of the chromogen 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine by prooxidants and antioxidants, respectively, leading to measurable colorimetric changes.

Results: PAB levels showed an increased risk of mortality (OR: 1.018; 95%CI: 1.010-1.025, p < 0.001) for each unit increase of PAB (per SD increase). When divided into quartiles, the PAB value was significantly higher for all-cause mortality in quartiles 2,3 and 4 compared with quartile 1 (PAB <34.95). Using uni & multivariate conditional logistic regression with multiple adjustments, the PAB value remained significantly different for all-cause mortality. The result of the cause-specific mortality analysis showed that the mean PAB was highest in COVID-19 infection and the respiratory diseases, and lowest in death caused by cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Increasing PAB levels were significantly associated with increasing all-cause mortality suggesting that PAB measurement may have utility in indicating disease severity and have differential prognostic value in acute and chronic clinical scenarios.

Sulf-2, a key member of the sulfatase family, regulated tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis through various mechanisms including genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional regulation, and microenvironmental influences. The dysregulation of Sulf-2 has been implicated as a pivotal driver in the development of numerous tumors. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of Sulf-2 enzymatic activities has limited the advancement of research progress, largely due to the intricate modulation of heparan sulfate (HS) biology by this enzyme. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of Sulf-2, elucidated the mechanisms of Sulf-2 in different human-type tumors. Furthermore, we would summarize the potential applications and limitations of Sulf-2 as a target in combining therapies for human tumors, providing insights that could be instrumental in advancing targeted cancer treatments. Our comprehensive review will shed light on the multifaceted role and therapeutic potential of Sulf-2 in human tumor biology.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a predictor of mortality due to COVID-19.

Materials and methods: This retrospective, single-center, and longitudinal study included 122 patients with COVID-19.

Results: Compared to the survivor's group, the non-survivors had higher MCV (92.13 ± 3.67 fL), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] (16.99 [21.31]), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] (350.33 [304.68]), and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII] (3684.92 [4073.25]) levels (p < 0.05 for all). The optimal cutoff values for predicting in-hospital COVID-19 mortality, determined by the Youden index, indicated that patients with MCV > 89 fL, NLR > 8.69, PLR > 418.08, or SII > 2149.36 were at a higher risk of death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The area under the curves (AUC) of NLR, SII, MCV, and PLR was sufficient for accurate prediction. COVID-19 patients with MCV > 89 fL and PLR > 418.08 were 3.65 (95% CI 1.03-12.87; p = 0.043) and 5.08 (95% CI 1.06-24.22; p = 0.041) times more likely to die than those without these values, respectively. MCV was positively correlated with age, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine.

Conclusion: MCV > 89 fL and PLR > 418.08 at the time of hospital admission were associated with an increased COVID-19 mortality risk.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of DR-70 immunoassay and its combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement for detecting lung malignancies.

Methods: Serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and DR-70 were quantitatively assessed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 110 patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer, 48 patients with pulmonary benign lesions, and 164 healthy subjects.

Results: Serum levels of both DR-70 and CEA showed statistically significant differences between lung cancer patients and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The study found that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC), for DR-70 alone were 71.8%, 84.2%, 70.5%, 85.7%, and 0.836, respectively, which was superior to the values of 62.7%, 68.3%, 49.6%, 78.6%, 0.689 for CEA alone. The values for the combination of DR-70 and CEA were 87.3, 55.7%, 50.0%, 89.8%, and 0.846. The combination method significantly improved the sensitivity, NPV and AUC while concurrently reducing specificity and PPV, compared to DR-70 or CEA alone.

Conclusion: Individual serum DR-70 testing and the combined DR-70+CEA panel exhibited robust diagnostic efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma detection.