Biomarkers in medicine最新文献

Objective: The authors investigated the value of novel inflammatory markers, systemic immune-inflammation index and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Materials & methods: A total of 308 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention because of NSTEMI were retrospectively included in the study. Killip classification, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score, SYNTAX score, and CAR and systemic immune-inflammation index values were calculated. Results: CAR (cutoff: 0.0864; sensitivity: 94.1%; specificity: 40.5%; p = 0.008) and Killip classification (cutoff: 2.5; sensitivity: 64.7%; specificity: 8.9%; p = 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in determining in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: This study revealed that CAR is an inexpensive and significant factor in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for NSTEMI.

Aims: This study investigated the nonlinear associations between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR)/platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and recovery rates in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods: Total of 244 SSNHL patients were included. The primary outcome was recovery rate. Results: A nonlinear association was detected between NLR and recovery rate using the LOWESS method, with a knot of 3. Patients with NLR ≥3 had a higher recovery rate than NLR <3. Using the linear-spline function, NLR was significantly associated with high recovery rate when NLR was <3. However, when NLR was ≥3, this association became nonsignificant. The trend test showed a similar result. PLR was not associated with recovery rate. Conclusion: The association between NLR and recovery rate is nonlinear, with a knot of around three. PLR is not associated with recovery rate.

Aim: To predict the development of radial artery thrombus (RAT) in patients with radial approach coronary angiography of platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio (PHR). Materials & methods: This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between RAT and PHR. A total of 1156 patients who had coronary angiography via the transradial approach between 2021 and 2022 in the authors' center were included in the study. Results: Radial thrombus was detected in 52 (4.5%) patients. PHR was higher in the group with thrombus and was statistically significant. In the regression model, PHR was an independent predictor of the development of radial thrombus (p = 0.007). Conclusion: High PHR may be an independent predictor of the development of radial thrombus.

Aim: Oral cancer is the leading cause of mortality, with a survival rate of less than 5 years, and is predominantly influenced by tobacco mutagens. Invasive diagnostic methods hinder early detection of oral cancer biomarkers. The present study performed salivary biochemical analysis for early oral cancer screening in tobacco consumers.Materials & methods: Three study groups included healthy controls (n = 25), tobacco users (n = 25) and oral cancer patients (n = 25). Salivary total protein, amylase, TNF-α and amino acid levels were evaluated using enzymatic tests, Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results: Compared with healthy controls, salivary total protein and TNF-α levels were significantly (p = 0.04) higher in oral cancer patients. Salivary amylase levels were significantly lower in tobacco smokers (p = 0.02) and higher in oral cancer patients (p = 0.01). Interestingly, the amino acid cysteine concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in tobacco consumers (62.5 ± 10) than in healthy controls (116.1 ± 28).Conclusion: In high-risk populations, such as tobacco users, salivary biochemical analysis can serve as a promising noninvasive diagnostic method for early oral cancer screening. As a salivary biomarker, the amino acid cysteine exhibits potential as a means of detecting the progression of oral cancer in individuals who consume tobacco.

Background: In this meta-analysis, we investigated C-reactive protein (CRP)'s role in glioma prognosis prediction.Methods: We conducted the current meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. An analysis of the prognostic effect of CRP on glioma was conducted using combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The combined data suggested that a higher CRP level was markedly related to poor overall survival in glioma (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22-2.46; p = 0.002).Conclusion: According to results in the present meta-analysis, elevated CRP levels were significantly related to inferior overall survival in glioma.

Aim: To reveal factors affecting 2-year mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, thorax computed tomography (CT) images, second-year survival status, and causes of death were analyzed.Results: The 2-year post-discharge mortality rate of 605 patients was 21.9%. Mean age of patients in the deceased group was 76.8 ± 8.1 years, which was shorter than the life expectancy at birth in Türkiye. Older age (≥85), delirium, some co-morbidities, and atypical thorax CT involvement were associated with a significant increase in 2-year mortality (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate factors associated with 2-year mortality in older COVID-19 patients. Identifying risk factors for long-term mortality in geriatric COVID-19 patients is important.

Aim: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is obtained by multiplying the platelets by the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes. We aimed to examine the relationship between contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) development and SII in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients.Methods: 1124 NSTEMI patients included and divided into two groups according to the development of CIN. The relationship between SII and CIN development was examined.Results: Among two groups, significant differences were observed in terms of age, chronic renal failure, presence of critical stenoses in the LAD, SII and C-reactive protein (CRP). It was calculated that a value of 709 and above for SII had a predictive power with 74% sensitivity and 74% specificity for CIN.Conclusion: SII has the potential to predict the development of CIN in NSTEMI patients.

Aim: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers. Research in various cancers suggests that investigating target biomarkers may provide directions to precision medicine. However, expression of biomarkers varies across different populations. The biomarker profile of Pakistani patients with PDAC remains unexplored.Materials & methods: We conducted a study on 109 patients to analyze a panel of four proteins (KRAS, p53, BRCA1 and APC) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. After confirmation of diagnosis and appropriate tumor content, tissues were processed with antibody specific immunohistochemistry experiments. Subsequently, independent microscopic observation was conducted by two pathologists using scoring criteria specific for each antibody.Results: Statistical analysis showed that negative expression of p53 was significantly associated with positive expression of BRCA1 (p = 0.000) and APC (p = 0.007). The expression of BRCA1 was also found significantly associated with APC (p = 0.028). None of the protein showed association with overall survival or patient demographics. Moreover, KRAS expression was shown to be significantly associated with perineural invasion (p = 0.005).Conclusion: This is the first study that investigates protein biomarker expression in a large cohort of Pakistani PDAC patients. The findings from the study may provide directions about the population specific biomarkers and targeted therapies for these patients.

Aim: Anemia of inflammation (AI) is common among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). This study aimed to investigate the specific relationship between inflammation indicators and anemia in patients with DFU.Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with DFU between 2018 and 2023. Clinical data were gathered before treatment. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to investigate the non-linear associations between inflammation and anemia.Results: A total of 395 patients with Wagner grades 2-4 were enrolled in the study. About 63.54% of the patients with DFU had anemia which was primarily presented with normocytic hypopigmentation anemia. Elevated IL-6 levels (39.10-369 pg/ml) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of anemia (OR = 4.84; 95% CI: 1.97-11.90). Similarly, high CRP levels (48.56-385 mg/l) were linked to a higher prevalence of anemia (OR = 5.01; 95% CI: 2.35-10.68). Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was observed between CRP levels and anemia, suggesting that CRP values exceeding 53.889 mg/l may trigger anemia in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.Conclusion: Inflammation is identified as an independent risk factor for AI in patients with DFU. The inflammation indicators (CRP and IL-6) and anemia exhibit an L-shaped nonlinear correlation in patients with DFU.