Pub Date : 2016-03-22DOI: 10.17586/2310-1148-2017-10-1-1-7
A. Kruglov, R. R. Tazitdinov
{"title":"Application of analysis model of the plant for producing \"Ice slurry\". Analysis of the results","authors":"A. Kruglov, R. R. Tazitdinov","doi":"10.17586/2310-1148-2017-10-1-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/2310-1148-2017-10-1-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75062192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 2715 ft2 (252 m2), two story, residential home of the style typical of the Gaithersburg, Maryland area was constructed in 2012 to demonstrate technologies for net-zero energy (NZE) homes (or ZEH). The NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) functions as a laboratory to support the development and adoption of cost-effective NZE designs, technologies, construction methods, and building codes. The primary design goal was to meet the comfort and functional needs of the simulated occupants. The first annual test period began on July 1, 2013 and ended June 30, 2014. During the first year of operation, the home's annual energy consumption was 13039 kWh (4.8 kWh ft-2, 51.7 kWh m-2), and the 10.2 kW solar photovoltaic system generated an excess of 484 kWh. During this period the heating and air conditioning of the home was performed by a novel air-source heat pump that utilized a reheat heat exchanger to allow hot compressor discharge gas to reheat the supply air during a dedicated dehumidification mode. During dedicated dehumidification, room temperature air was supplied to the living space until the relative humidity setpoint of 50% was satisfied. The heat pump consumed a total of 6225 kWh (2.3 kWh ft-2, 24.7 kWh m-2) of electrical energy for cooling, heating, and dehumidification. Annual cooling efficiency was 10.1 Btu W-1h-1 (2.95 W W-1), relative to the rated SEER of the heat pump of 15.8 Btu W-1h-1 (4.63 W W-1). Annual heating efficiency was 7.10 Btu W-1h-1 (2.09 W W-1), compared with the unit's rated HSPF of 9.05 Btu W-1h-1 (2.65 W W-1). These field measured efficiency numbers include dedicated dehumidification operation and standby energy use for the year. Annual sensible heat ratio was approximately 70%. Standby energy consumption was 5.2 % and 3.5 % of the total electrical energy used for cooling and heating, respectively.
一栋2715平方英尺(252平方米)的两层住宅，是马里兰州盖瑟斯堡地区的典型风格，建于2012年，展示了零能耗(NZE)住宅(或ZEH)的技术。NIST净零能耗住宅测试设施(NZERTF)作为实验室，支持开发和采用具有成本效益的NZE设计、技术、施工方法和建筑规范。主要的设计目标是满足模拟居住者的舒适度和功能需求。第一个年度测试期从2013年7月1日开始，到2014年6月30日结束。在第一年的运行中，家庭的年能耗为13039千瓦时(4.8千瓦时英尺-2,51.7千瓦时米-2)，10.2千瓦的太阳能光伏系统产生了超过484千瓦时。在此期间，住宅的供暖和空调由一种新型空气源热泵执行，该热泵利用再热热交换器允许热压缩机排出气体在专用除湿模式下再加热供气。在专用除湿时，向居住空间提供室温空气，直到满足50%的相对湿度设定值。热泵用于制冷、制热和除湿共消耗电能6225千瓦时(2.3千瓦时英尺-2,24.7千瓦时米-2)。年制冷效率为10.1 Btu W-1h-1 (2.95 W W-1)，热泵的额定SEER为15.8 Btu W-1h-1 (4.63 W W-1)。年热效率为7.10 Btu W-1h-1 (2.09 W W-1)，而机组的额定HSPF为9.05 Btu W-1h-1 (2.65 W W-1)。这些现场测量的效率数字包括专用除湿操作和备用能源使用的一年。年感热比约为70%。待机能耗分别占制冷和制热总电能的5.2%和3.5%。
{"title":"Annual Performance of a Two-Speed, Dedicated Dehumidification Heat Pump in the NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility.","authors":"W Vance Payne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2715 ft<sup>2</sup> (252 m<sup>2</sup>), two story, residential home of the style typical of the Gaithersburg, Maryland area was constructed in 2012 to demonstrate technologies for net-zero energy (NZE) homes (or ZEH). The NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) functions as a laboratory to support the development and adoption of cost-effective NZE designs, technologies, construction methods, and building codes. The primary design goal was to meet the comfort and functional needs of the simulated occupants. The first annual test period began on July 1, 2013 and ended June 30, 2014. During the first year of operation, the home's annual energy consumption was 13039 kWh (4.8 kWh ft<sup>-2</sup>, 51.7 kWh m<sup>-2</sup>), and the 10.2 kW solar photovoltaic system generated an excess of 484 kWh. During this period the heating and air conditioning of the home was performed by a novel air-source heat pump that utilized a reheat heat exchanger to allow hot compressor discharge gas to reheat the supply air during a dedicated dehumidification mode. During dedicated dehumidification, room temperature air was supplied to the living space until the relative humidity setpoint of 50% was satisfied. The heat pump consumed a total of 6225 kWh (2.3 kWh ft<sup>-2,</sup> 24.7 kWh m<sup>-2</sup>) of electrical energy for cooling, heating, and dehumidification. Annual cooling efficiency was 10.1 Btu W<sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> (2.95 W W<sup>-1</sup>), relative to the rated SEER of the heat pump of 15.8 Btu W<sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> (4.63 W W<sup>-1</sup>). Annual heating efficiency was 7.10 Btu W<sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> (2.09 W W<sup>-1</sup>), compared with the unit's rated HSPF of 9.05 Btu W<sup>-1</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> (2.65 W W<sup>-1</sup>). These field measured efficiency numbers include dedicated dehumidification operation and standby energy use for the year. Annual sensible heat ratio was approximately 70%. Standby energy consumption was 5.2 % and 3.5 % of the total electrical energy used for cooling and heating, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514843/pdf/nihms866327.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35189154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00020-6
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Air Treatment Fundamentals","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00020-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00020-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77714238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00018-8
G. Hundy
{"title":"Chapter 18 – Industrial Applications","authors":"G. Hundy","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00018-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00018-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89609603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00030-9
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Renewable Energy Innovations","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00030-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00030-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77121352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00012-7
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Distributed Cooling and Heating","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00012-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00012-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80171196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00015-2
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Cold Storage and Refrigeration Load Estimation","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00015-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00015-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80067853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00021-8
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Practical Air Treatment","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00021-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00021-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81016110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00027-9
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"Commissioning and Maintenance","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00027-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00027-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84600440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00017-6
G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch
{"title":"The Cold Chain – Transport, Storage, Retail","authors":"G. Hundy, A. Trott, T. C. Welch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00017-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100647-4.00017-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91841,"journal":{"name":"ASHRAE winter conference papers. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79525147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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