Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.526
Dr Andrew Scott, Miss Natasha Walter, Mr Monday Uwadiae, Mr Abdulmalik Agboola Ayodeji Alaga
Physical activity is beneficial for people living with metastatic breast cancer, a cancer that has spread to other body parts such as liver, lungs and lymph nodes, but less is known about patient views on supporting them in an active lifestyle. Through a qualitative scope this study aimed to investigate the effect of a metastatic breast cancer diagnosis on physical activity and quality of life aiming to capture exercise motivators, barriers, and preferences to inform and introduce feasible and effective physical activity in treatment plans. This study involved semi-structured interviews with eight female participants from the local Metastatic Breast Cancer Support Group in Portsmouth. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on the data, and five higher order themes were developed: (i) Life is affected by diagnosis and treatment, (ii) Limitations to being more physically active, (iii) Physical activity’s impact on quality of life, (iv) Factors supporting/enhancing physical activity and quality of life, and (v) Actions to support physical activity and quality of life. Generally, participants reported that living with metastatic breast cancer had negatively altered their quality of life, including their ability to be physically active. Perceptions of the introduction or continuation of physical activity were welcomed. Despite the benefits and factors found to support physical activity engagement several barriers were identified, such as treatment focus and exercise misconceptions. Metastatic breast cancer impacts quality of life and the ability to be physically active, being active is generally perceived to be beneficial, and social and environmental support is important to being physically active.
{"title":"A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF THE EFFECT OF A METASTATIC BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE","authors":"Dr Andrew Scott, Miss Natasha Walter, Mr Monday Uwadiae, Mr Abdulmalik Agboola Ayodeji Alaga","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.526","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Physical activity is beneficial for people living with metastatic breast cancer, a cancer that has spread to other body parts such as liver, lungs and lymph nodes, but less is known about patient views on supporting them in an active lifestyle. Through a qualitative scope this study aimed to investigate the effect of a metastatic breast cancer diagnosis on physical activity and quality of life aiming to capture exercise motivators, barriers, and preferences to inform and introduce feasible and effective physical activity in treatment plans.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study involved semi-structured interviews with eight female participants from the local Metastatic Breast Cancer Support Group in Portsmouth.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on the data, and five higher order themes were developed: (i) Life is affected by diagnosis and treatment, (ii) Limitations to being more physically active, (iii) Physical activity’s impact on quality of life, (iv) Factors supporting/enhancing physical activity and quality of life, and (v) Actions to support physical activity and quality of life. Generally, participants reported that living with metastatic breast cancer had negatively altered their quality of life, including their ability to be physically active. Perceptions of the introduction or continuation of physical activity were welcomed. Despite the benefits and factors found to support physical activity engagement several barriers were identified, such as treatment focus and exercise misconceptions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Metastatic breast cancer impacts quality of life and the ability to be physically active, being active is generally perceived to be beneficial, and social and environmental support is important to being physically active.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"18 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.469
Mr Mitchell Anderson, Dr Georgia Chaseling, Dr Clint Bellenger, Dr Samuel Chalmers
Water dousing (pouring water on the body) is an easy-to-implement cooling method while running due to the availability of water at race aid stations, and may decrease the risk of heat illness and improve performance. However, dousing has not been investigated in extended duration running (i.e., ≥10 km), a typical distance in both elite and community level events. AIMS: Assess the effect of water dousing on heat strain and performance during self-paced and fixed-intensity exercise in the heat. DESIGN: Crossover, block randomised controlled trial. 13 trained runners completed a 10 km time trial (TT) and 60 min fixed pace run (60% velocity of VO2max) in a 30°C, 47% relative humidity environment using either water dousing (DOUSE) or no dousing (CON). 10 km TT performance was faster in DOUSE compared to CON (44:11±6:14 vs. 44:38±6:03 min:s; p=0.033). Change in core temperature (Tc) was not different between groups during the TT (+0.02±0.33°C in DOUSE; p=0.853) or fixed pace run (+0.02±0.30°C; p=0.848). Change in mean skin temperature (Tsk) was lower in DOUSE during the TT (-1.80±0.63°C; p<0.001) and fixed pace run (-1.38±0.78°C; p<0.001). Heart rate (HR) was lower for DOUSE during the fixed pace run (-3.5±5.5 bpm; p=0.041) but not during the TT (-0.2±4.2 bpm; p=0.853). Thermal sensation was lower for DOUSE during the TT (-49.3±41.9 mm; p<0.001) and fixed pace run (-44.7±27.6 mm; p<0.001). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was not different between groups for the TT (-0.2±0.9; p=0.390) or fixed pace run (-0.2±1.0; p=0.480). Water dousing improves 10 km TT performance in the heat but does not mitigate a rise in Tc. The positive change in thermal perception (via lower skin temperature) likely drives this ergogenic effect.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF WATER DOUSING ON HEAT STRAIN AND PERFORMANCE DURING ENDURANCE RUNNING IN THE HEAT","authors":"Mr Mitchell Anderson, Dr Georgia Chaseling, Dr Clint Bellenger, Dr Samuel Chalmers","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Water dousing (pouring water on the body) is an easy-to-implement cooling method while running due to the availability of water at race aid stations, and may decrease the risk of heat illness and improve performance. However, dousing has not been investigated in extended duration running (i.e., ≥10 km), a typical distance in both elite and community level events. AIMS: Assess the effect of water dousing on heat strain and performance during self-paced and fixed-intensity exercise in the heat. DESIGN: Crossover, block randomised controlled trial.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 13 trained runners completed a 10 km time trial (TT) and 60 min fixed pace run (60% velocity of VO2max) in a 30°C, 47% relative humidity environment using either water dousing (DOUSE) or no dousing (CON).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10 km TT performance was faster in DOUSE compared to CON (44:11±6:14 vs. 44:38±6:03 min:s; p=0.033). Change in core temperature (Tc) was not different between groups during the TT (+0.02±0.33°C in DOUSE; p=0.853) or fixed pace run (+0.02±0.30°C; p=0.848). Change in mean skin temperature (Tsk) was lower in DOUSE during the TT (-1.80±0.63°C; p<0.001) and fixed pace run (-1.38±0.78°C; p<0.001). Heart rate (HR) was lower for DOUSE during the fixed pace run (-3.5±5.5 bpm; p=0.041) but not during the TT (-0.2±4.2 bpm; p=0.853). Thermal sensation was lower for DOUSE during the TT (-49.3±41.9 mm; p<0.001) and fixed pace run (-44.7±27.6 mm; p<0.001). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was not different between groups for the TT (-0.2±0.9; p=0.390) or fixed pace run (-0.2±1.0; p=0.480).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Water dousing improves 10 km TT performance in the heat but does not mitigate a rise in Tc. The positive change in thermal perception (via lower skin temperature) likely drives this ergogenic effect.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"20 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.345
Mr Peter McDonald, Mr Kevin John, Dr Tom Topham, Prof Mike Sawka, Dr Brad Clark, Prof Julien Périard
Athletes adopt heat acclimation (HA) to partly restore heat-mediated decrements in performance. However, the influence of environmental characteristics during HA on performance in dry and humid conditions is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare dry and humid HA on performance in each environment. In a counterbalanced crossover study, ten trained male cyclists (age 43 ± 9 y; body mass 80.8 ± 7.3 kg; maximal oxygen uptake; 59 ± 7 mL.kg-1.min-1) completed a 30-min time-trial in hot-dry (TT-DRY; 42°C, 25% RH) and warm-humid (TT-HUM; 33°C, 80% RH) conditions before and after 8 days of controlled heart rate (HR) HA in either dry (DRY-HA) or humid conditions (HUM-HA). A Bayesian multi-level model was used to determine posterior means, 90% credible intervals, and probability of direction (%). The improvement in power output during TT-HUM was similar following DRY-HA (13 W [3, 22]; 99%) and HUMID-HA (11 W [3, 19]; 98%). In TT-DRY, the improvement in power output was 12 W ([1, 22]; 97%) higher following DRY-HA (19 W [10, 28]; >99%) compared to HUM-HA (7 W [-2, 17]; 91%). During TT-HUM, mean rectal temperature changed following HUM-HA (0.03°C [-0.11, 0.17]; 63%) and DRY-HA (-0.14°C [-0.29, 0.02]; 92%), with a difference of 0.16°C ([-0.36, 0.03]; 92%). During TT-DRY, the difference was -0.20°C ([-0.40, 0.01]; 94%) between HUM-HA (-0.22°C [-0.38, -0.06]; 98%) and DRY-HA (-0.03°C [-0.19, 0.13]; 63%). Mean HR during TT-DRY (3 beats·min-1 [-2, 8]; 85%) and TT-HUM (-4 beats·min-1 [-10, 2]; 85%) was similar following DRY-HA and HUM-HA. DRY-HA further improved mean power output during TT-DRY compared to HUM-HA. However, HUM-HA tended to lower rectal temperature more than DRY-HA during TT-DRY. HA condition did not influence HR during either TT. Our data indicate that performance is further improved in hot-dry conditions when acclimating to the same environment.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF DRY AND HUMID HEAT ACCLIMATION ON PERFORMANCE IN EACH ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Mr Peter McDonald, Mr Kevin John, Dr Tom Topham, Prof Mike Sawka, Dr Brad Clark, Prof Julien Périard","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.345","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Athletes adopt heat acclimation (HA) to partly restore heat-mediated decrements in performance. However, the influence of environmental characteristics during HA on performance in dry and humid conditions is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare dry and humid HA on performance in each environment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In a counterbalanced crossover study, ten trained male cyclists (age 43 ± 9 y; body mass 80.8 ± 7.3 kg; maximal oxygen uptake; 59 ± 7 mL.kg-1.min-1) completed a 30-min time-trial in hot-dry (TT-DRY; 42°C, 25% RH) and warm-humid (TT-HUM; 33°C, 80% RH) conditions before and after 8 days of controlled heart rate (HR) HA in either dry (DRY-HA) or humid conditions (HUM-HA). A Bayesian multi-level model was used to determine posterior means, 90% credible intervals, and probability of direction (%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The improvement in power output during TT-HUM was similar following DRY-HA (13 W [3, 22]; 99%) and HUMID-HA (11 W [3, 19]; 98%). In TT-DRY, the improvement in power output was 12 W ([1, 22]; 97%) higher following DRY-HA (19 W [10, 28]; >99%) compared to HUM-HA (7 W [-2, 17]; 91%). During TT-HUM, mean rectal temperature changed following HUM-HA (0.03°C [-0.11, 0.17]; 63%) and DRY-HA (-0.14°C [-0.29, 0.02]; 92%), with a difference of 0.16°C ([-0.36, 0.03]; 92%). During TT-DRY, the difference was -0.20°C ([-0.40, 0.01]; 94%) between HUM-HA (-0.22°C [-0.38, -0.06]; 98%) and DRY-HA (-0.03°C [-0.19, 0.13]; 63%). Mean HR during TT-DRY (3 beats·min-1 [-2, 8]; 85%) and TT-HUM (-4 beats·min-1 [-10, 2]; 85%) was similar following DRY-HA and HUM-HA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 DRY-HA further improved mean power output during TT-DRY compared to HUM-HA. However, HUM-HA tended to lower rectal temperature more than DRY-HA during TT-DRY. HA condition did not influence HR during either TT. Our data indicate that performance is further improved in hot-dry conditions when acclimating to the same environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.517
Dr Sarah Alexander, Stephen J Foulkes, M. J. Haykowsky, Y. Antill, Sophie Nightingale, Lauren Burnham, Robin M Daly, Steve F. Fraser, A. Gerche, Erin Howden
Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) blocks the action of estrogens and is commonly prescribed in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Given the putative cardioprotective role of estrogens in females, AET may exacerbate the negative metabolic side-effects of anthracycline chemotherapy. This study examined the early effects of combined anthracycline chemotherapy and AET on body composition, exercise tolerance and markers of cardiovascular risk in a cohort of females with breast cancer. This was a secondary analysis of the BReast cancer EXercise InTervention (BREXIT) Trial. Females with breast cancer (n=105, aged 51 ± 8 years, BMI 27.4 ± 5.1, mean ± SD) scheduled for anthracycline chemotherapy participated in this study. Aerobic exercise capacity, body composition, physical function, and blood pressure were measured before anthracycline treatment and after 4- and 12-months follow-up. Linear mixed models assessed whether aromatase inhibitors (AI) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) affected exercise tolerance, body composition and markers of cardiovascular risk compared to non-endocrine breast cancer treatments. Twelve months of anthracycline treatment combined with AI or SERMs decreased total body lean mass by 1.4 kg (2%; interaction p=0.01) and 1kg (1%; interaction p=0.16) respectively, when compared to non-endocrine therapies. There were trends for AET to decrease total fat (-1.5%, interaction p=0.05) and android fat (-2.3%, interaction p=0.07) mass compared to non-endocrine therapy after 12 months. AIs significantly increased both systolic (5.8mmHg, interaction p=0.05) and diastolic (4.0mmHg, interaction p=0.05) blood pressure after 12 months of treatment compared to SERMs or non-endocrine therapies. There was no effect of either AET or SERMS on VO2peak, leg press or seated row 1RM, 30 second sit to stand or handgrip strength. Short-term treatment with adjuvant endocrine therapies may accelerate muscle loss and increase blood pressure compared to non-endocrine therapies. However, these changes were not associated with worsening of physical function.
{"title":"COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF AROMATASE INHIBITORS AND SELECTIVE OESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS ON BODY COMPOSITION, EXERCISE TOLERANCE AND MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN FEMALES WITH BREAST CANCER","authors":"Dr Sarah Alexander, Stephen J Foulkes, M. J. Haykowsky, Y. Antill, Sophie Nightingale, Lauren Burnham, Robin M Daly, Steve F. Fraser, A. Gerche, Erin Howden","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.517","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) blocks the action of estrogens and is commonly prescribed in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Given the putative cardioprotective role of estrogens in females, AET may exacerbate the negative metabolic side-effects of anthracycline chemotherapy. This study examined the early effects of combined anthracycline chemotherapy and AET on body composition, exercise tolerance and markers of cardiovascular risk in a cohort of females with breast cancer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a secondary analysis of the BReast cancer EXercise InTervention (BREXIT) Trial. Females with breast cancer (n=105, aged 51 ± 8 years, BMI 27.4 ± 5.1, mean ± SD) scheduled for anthracycline chemotherapy participated in this study. Aerobic exercise capacity, body composition, physical function, and blood pressure were measured before anthracycline treatment and after 4- and 12-months follow-up. Linear mixed models assessed whether aromatase inhibitors (AI) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) affected exercise tolerance, body composition and markers of cardiovascular risk compared to non-endocrine breast cancer treatments.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twelve months of anthracycline treatment combined with AI or SERMs decreased total body lean mass by 1.4 kg (2%; interaction p=0.01) and 1kg (1%; interaction p=0.16) respectively, when compared to non-endocrine therapies. There were trends for AET to decrease total fat (-1.5%, interaction p=0.05) and android fat (-2.3%, interaction p=0.07) mass compared to non-endocrine therapy after 12 months. AIs significantly increased both systolic (5.8mmHg, interaction p=0.05) and diastolic (4.0mmHg, interaction p=0.05) blood pressure after 12 months of treatment compared to SERMs or non-endocrine therapies. There was no effect of either AET or SERMS on VO2peak, leg press or seated row 1RM, 30 second sit to stand or handgrip strength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Short-term treatment with adjuvant endocrine therapies may accelerate muscle loss and increase blood pressure compared to non-endocrine therapies. However, these changes were not associated with worsening of physical function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.377
Ms Suzie Mate, Megan Soutter, Ms Jana Liaros, Daniel Hackett, Professor Michael Barnett, P. Am, Dr Ché Fornusek
Improving aerobic fitness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can reduce fatigue, and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic training can be challenging due to paresis, access to suitable equipment and fatigue. The aim was to investigate whether functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling combined with arm crank interval exercise (hybrid FES interval training) is feasible for people with advanced MS, and its effects on aerobic fitness and fatigue. Hybrid FES interval training was performed 2 d/wk for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of 40 minutes of continuous FES cycling with arm crank intervals of 30 seconds work/30 seconds rest added concurrently for 20 minutes. The intensity target was a minimum of 60% of arm crank power and ‘hard’ measured by rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on a scale of 6-20. Feasibility was measured by attendance, compliance to intensity and time targets, adverse events, and drop outs. Aerobic fitness was assessed by an arm crank maximal test. Fatigue was measured via the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Seven participants (6 female; age 57.1±7.8y; Expanded Disability Status Scale 7.1±0.8) with advanced MS attended 80±10.4% of the scheduled sessions and there were no adverse events or drop outs. Average RPE at the end of each training session was 15±2, representing vigorous intensity exercise. Aerobic fitness did not change pre- to post-intervention [14.2±5.7 to 14.78±6.0 mL/kg/min (p=0.43)]. There was a trend towards a reduction in the MFIS score pre- to post-intervention [31.0±10.4 to 21.7±11.4 (p=0.10)]. Hybrid FES interval training is feasible for people with advanced MS who need exercise equipment appropriate for their condition, and can represent vigorous intensity exercise. The positive findings support the need for future randomized control trials that can assess the aerobic fitness changes and associated health benefits of hybrid FES interval training.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF HYBRID FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION INTERVAL TRAINING ON AEROBIC FITNESS AND FATIGUE IN PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS","authors":"Ms Suzie Mate, Megan Soutter, Ms Jana Liaros, Daniel Hackett, Professor Michael Barnett, P. Am, Dr Ché Fornusek","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.377","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Improving aerobic fitness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can reduce fatigue, and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic training can be challenging due to paresis, access to suitable equipment and fatigue. The aim was to investigate whether functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling combined with arm crank interval exercise (hybrid FES interval training) is feasible for people with advanced MS, and its effects on aerobic fitness and fatigue.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hybrid FES interval training was performed 2 d/wk for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of 40 minutes of continuous FES cycling with arm crank intervals of 30 seconds work/30 seconds rest added concurrently for 20 minutes. The intensity target was a minimum of 60% of arm crank power and ‘hard’ measured by rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on a scale of 6-20. Feasibility was measured by attendance, compliance to intensity and time targets, adverse events, and drop outs. Aerobic fitness was assessed by an arm crank maximal test. Fatigue was measured via the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Seven participants (6 female; age 57.1±7.8y; Expanded Disability Status Scale 7.1±0.8) with advanced MS attended 80±10.4% of the scheduled sessions and there were no adverse events or drop outs. Average RPE at the end of each training session was 15±2, representing vigorous intensity exercise. Aerobic fitness did not change pre- to post-intervention [14.2±5.7 to 14.78±6.0 mL/kg/min (p=0.43)]. There was a trend towards a reduction in the MFIS score pre- to post-intervention [31.0±10.4 to 21.7±11.4 (p=0.10)].\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hybrid FES interval training is feasible for people with advanced MS who need exercise equipment appropriate for their condition, and can represent vigorous intensity exercise. The positive findings support the need for future randomized control trials that can assess the aerobic fitness changes and associated health benefits of hybrid FES interval training.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"157 s323","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.356
Miss Tijana Sharp, Dr Katie Slattery, Distinguished Professor Aaron Coutts, Miss Mikah van Gogh, Miss Lara Ralph, Dr Lee Wallace
High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be commonly considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. This systematic mapping review examines the prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes of HIMT in the context of training. A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37090 records were retrieved, of which 221 were included for review. 247 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences. A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies incorrectly prescribed ‘high-intensity’ exercise according to ACSM definitions (i.e., <77% HRmax). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design. Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines such as the CERT to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Preregistration: osf.io/yknq4.
{"title":"SOLVING THE HIGH-INTENSITY MUTLIMODAL TRAINING PRESCRIPTION PUZZLE: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING REVIEW","authors":"Miss Tijana Sharp, Dr Katie Slattery, Distinguished Professor Aaron Coutts, Miss Mikah van Gogh, Miss Lara Ralph, Dr Lee Wallace","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.356","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be commonly considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. This systematic mapping review examines the prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes of HIMT in the context of training.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37090 records were retrieved, of which 221 were included for review. 247 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies incorrectly prescribed ‘high-intensity’ exercise according to ACSM definitions (i.e., <77% HRmax). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines such as the CERT to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Preregistration: osf.io/yknq4.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.358
Julian Ramos, Dr Kagan Ducker, Dr Hugh Riddell, Dr Grant Landers, Dr Olivier Girard, Dr Carly Brade
Heat acclimation (HA) is critical to mitigate the adverse effects of heat on exercise performance. While these methods yield physiological adaptations to heat, it also results in greater internal training load. This can potentially compromise training quality and lead to overreaching. Therefore, there is a need for HA protocols that address situations where training quality is crucial, yet the heat stimulus is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shorter, more frequent rest breaks with per-cooling (PerC) as an alternative HA session on physiological, perceptual, and self-paced maximal cycling performance, compared to continuous heat exposure. Thirteen participants completed one continuous and three intermittent heat exposure (IHE) maximal self-paced cycling protocols matched for total exercise and rest duration, in a random order in heat (36°C, 80% relative humidity): 1 x 60-min exercise (CON), 3 x 20-min exercise with 7.5-min rest between sets (IHE-20), 4 x 15-min exercise with 5-min rest between sets (IHE-15), 6 x 10-min exercise with 3-min rest between sets (IHE-10). Mixed-method PerC (crushed-ice ingestion and cooling vest) was applied during rest periods of all IHE protocols. Total distance completed was greater in IHE-10, IHE-15, and IHE-20 compared to CON (+11%, +9%, and +8%, respectively), with no difference observed between IHE protocols. Total time spent above 38.5°C core temperature (Tc) was longer in CON compared to IHE-15 and IHE-20 (+62% and +78%, respectively), but similar to IHE-10 (+5%). Furthermore, a longer time above 38.5°C Tc occurred in IHE-10 versus IHE-15 and IHE-20 (+54% and +69%, respectively). Sweat loss did not differ between conditions. Intermittent heat exposure with PerC may be a viable alternative HA protocol in situations where training quality takes precedence over thermal stimulus, or when both factors hold equal priority.
热适应（HA）对于减轻热对运动表现的不利影响至关重要。虽然这些方法会产生对热的生理适应，但也会导致更大的内部训练负荷。这可能会影响训练质量，导致训练过度。因此，需要针对训练质量至关重要但热刺激又必不可少的情况制定 HA 方案。本研究的目的是调查与连续热暴露相比，更短、更频繁的休息时间和每次冷却（PerC）作为替代热负荷训练对生理、感知和自我步调最大骑行成绩的影响。 13 名参与者在高温（36°C，相对湿度 80%）条件下以随机顺序完成了一项连续和三项间歇性热暴露（IHE）最大自定速单车运动方案，总运动量和休息时间相匹配：1 x 60 分钟运动（CON），3 x 20 分钟运动，组间休息 7.5 分钟（IHE-20），4 x 15 分钟运动，组间休息 5 分钟（IHE-15），6 x 10 分钟运动，组间休息 3 分钟（IHE-10）。在所有 IHE 方案的休息期间都采用了混合方法 PerC（摄入碎冰和穿冷却背心）。 与 CON 相比，IHE-10、IHE-15 和 IHE-20 所完成的总距离更长（分别为 +11%、+9% 和 +8%），而 IHE 方案之间则无差异。与 IHE-15 和 IHE-20 相比，CON 中核心温度 (Tc) 超过 38.5°C 的总时间更长（分别为 +62% 和 +78%），但与 IHE-10 相似（+5%）。此外，IHE-10 与 IHE-15 和 IHE-20 相比，Tc 超过 38.5°C 的时间更长（分别为 +54% 和 +69%）。不同条件下的汗液流失量没有差异。 在训练质量优先于热刺激的情况下，或者在两个因素同等重要的情况下，使用 PerC 进行间歇性热暴露可能是一种可行的替代 HA 方案。
{"title":"ACUTE INTERMITTENT HEAT EXPOSURE WITH MORE FREQUENT AND SHORTER COOLING BREAKS ENHANCES PERFORMANCE AND ELICITS COMPARABLE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CONTINUOUS HEAT EXPOSURE","authors":"Julian Ramos, Dr Kagan Ducker, Dr Hugh Riddell, Dr Grant Landers, Dr Olivier Girard, Dr Carly Brade","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.358","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Heat acclimation (HA) is critical to mitigate the adverse effects of heat on exercise performance. While these methods yield physiological adaptations to heat, it also results in greater internal training load. This can potentially compromise training quality and lead to overreaching. Therefore, there is a need for HA protocols that address situations where training quality is crucial, yet the heat stimulus is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shorter, more frequent rest breaks with per-cooling (PerC) as an alternative HA session on physiological, perceptual, and self-paced maximal cycling performance, compared to continuous heat exposure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirteen participants completed one continuous and three intermittent heat exposure (IHE) maximal self-paced cycling protocols matched for total exercise and rest duration, in a random order in heat (36°C, 80% relative humidity): 1 x 60-min exercise (CON), 3 x 20-min exercise with 7.5-min rest between sets (IHE-20), 4 x 15-min exercise with 5-min rest between sets (IHE-15), 6 x 10-min exercise with 3-min rest between sets (IHE-10). Mixed-method PerC (crushed-ice ingestion and cooling vest) was applied during rest periods of all IHE protocols.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Total distance completed was greater in IHE-10, IHE-15, and IHE-20 compared to CON (+11%, +9%, and +8%, respectively), with no difference observed between IHE protocols. Total time spent above 38.5°C core temperature (Tc) was longer in CON compared to IHE-15 and IHE-20 (+62% and +78%, respectively), but similar to IHE-10 (+5%). Furthermore, a longer time above 38.5°C Tc occurred in IHE-10 versus IHE-15 and IHE-20 (+54% and +69%, respectively). Sweat loss did not differ between conditions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Intermittent heat exposure with PerC may be a viable alternative HA protocol in situations where training quality takes precedence over thermal stimulus, or when both factors hold equal priority.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"43 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.331
Miss Sarah Jeffery, Miss Holly Hitchener, Dr Emma Beckman
Accredited exercise physiologists are perfectly placed to assist people with neurological injury to reengage or explore new opportunities in physical activity. The benefits of physical activity in this population are well documented, however participation rates are low. Research shows that 75% of Australians living with a disability over the age of 15 do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity. While the need is high, the 2021-2022 ESSA workforce report found only 7% of accredited professionals are working with people living with neurological conditions. This highlights the gap between industry demand, workforce capacity and capability to deliver evidence based best practice. As clinicians with a collective experience of 30+ years, we have identified a need for greater dissemination of knowledge, experience, and practical translation of the evidence in this population. This presentation will explore the perspectives of three experienced AEP’s working from hospital to home and beyond. Each presenter will draw on their unique context and experience to describe the challenges and opportunities for AEP’s in each specific area. Sarah will provide an overview of the hospital setting and transition to community, highlighting the opportunities for early intervention and the role in supporting ongoing meaningful physical activity. Holly will discuss an exercise physiologist’s role in community rehabilitation, and our place in a multidisciplinary team. She will further explore what it looks like to move from exercise for rehabilitation mindset, into exercise for life. Emma will detail the opportunities in sports and competitions such as the Paralympics, particularly around how AEP’s can support performance goals. The team will close with provocative discussion around how AEP’s can contribute to the governments ELEVATE 2042 Strategy and we will invite AEP’s to join us on this journey.
{"title":"SUPPORTING PEOPLE WITH NEUROLOGICAL INJURY TO ENGAGE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY-FROM HOSPITAL TO HOME AND BEYOND","authors":"Miss Sarah Jeffery, Miss Holly Hitchener, Dr Emma Beckman","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.331","url":null,"abstract":"Accredited exercise physiologists are perfectly placed to assist people with neurological injury to reengage or explore new opportunities in physical activity. The benefits of physical activity in this population are well documented, however participation rates are low. Research shows that 75% of Australians living with a disability over the age of 15 do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity. While the need is high, the 2021-2022 ESSA workforce report found only 7% of accredited professionals are working with people living with neurological conditions. This highlights the gap between industry demand, workforce capacity and capability to deliver evidence based best practice. As clinicians with a collective experience of 30+ years, we have identified a need for greater dissemination of knowledge, experience, and practical translation of the evidence in this population. This presentation will explore the perspectives of three experienced AEP’s working from hospital to home and beyond. Each presenter will draw on their unique context and experience to describe the challenges and opportunities for AEP’s in each specific area. Sarah will provide an overview of the hospital setting and transition to community, highlighting the opportunities for early intervention and the role in supporting ongoing meaningful physical activity. Holly will discuss an exercise physiologist’s role in community rehabilitation, and our place in a multidisciplinary team. She will further explore what it looks like to move from exercise for rehabilitation mindset, into exercise for life. Emma will detail the opportunities in sports and competitions such as the Paralympics, particularly around how AEP’s can support performance goals. The team will close with provocative discussion around how AEP’s can contribute to the governments ELEVATE 2042 Strategy and we will invite AEP’s to join us on this journey.","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.494
Miss Jaclyn Quinn
This study aimed to establish a low-cost, sustainable exercise program for cancer patients in Gippsland, Australia, where access to such programs was previously limited. By developing and implementing a collaborative program, the program aimed to improve the physical and psycho-social well-being of cancer patients while reducing burden on healthcare services. Collaboration between Latrobe Community Health Service, Morwell Leisure Centre, and Gippsland Integrated Cancer Service led to the development of a prescriptive exercise program to provide cancer survivors a sustainable cost-effective exercise and cancer program in a community leisure centre. Exercise physiologists provided initial assessments, in which clients allocated to group-based, one-on-one, or home-based exercise sessions. After 12 weeks in the program, 100% of participants that had a reassessment improved on at least one physical test and all improved on a subjective measure like fatigue, depression, or self-worth. On average, they saw a 14.88% increase in leg strength, a 12.70% increase in grip strength, and a 16.65% increase in aerobic fitness. Additionally, they reported an average decrease in anxiety (10.96%), depression (1.59%), fatigue (6.09%), and reported illness symptoms (5.24%). Overall, participant feedback was overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the benefits of the program’s psycho-social support and the opportunity to exercise outside a healthcare setting. Collaboration between healthcare and leisure centres can provide sustainable and cost-effective exercise programs for cancer patients, improving physical and psycho-social well-being while reducing healthcare burden. Participants valued the support, social interaction, and sense of belonging provided by the program.
{"title":"EXERCISE AND CANCER PROGRAM: A PRESCRIPTIVE EXERCISE PROGRAM IN A NON-CLINICAL SETTING","authors":"Miss Jaclyn Quinn","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.494","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to establish a low-cost, sustainable exercise program for cancer patients in Gippsland, Australia, where access to such programs was previously limited. By developing and implementing a collaborative program, the program aimed to improve the physical and psycho-social well-being of cancer patients while reducing burden on healthcare services.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Collaboration between Latrobe Community Health Service, Morwell Leisure Centre, and Gippsland Integrated Cancer Service led to the development of a prescriptive exercise program to provide cancer survivors a sustainable cost-effective exercise and cancer program in a community leisure centre. Exercise physiologists provided initial assessments, in which clients allocated to group-based, one-on-one, or home-based exercise sessions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 After 12 weeks in the program, 100% of participants that had a reassessment improved on at least one physical test and all improved on a subjective measure like fatigue, depression, or self-worth. On average, they saw a 14.88% increase in leg strength, a 12.70% increase in grip strength, and a 16.65% increase in aerobic fitness. Additionally, they reported an average decrease in anxiety (10.96%), depression (1.59%), fatigue (6.09%), and reported illness symptoms (5.24%). Overall, participant feedback was overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the benefits of the program’s psycho-social support and the opportunity to exercise outside a healthcare setting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Collaboration between healthcare and leisure centres can provide sustainable and cost-effective exercise programs for cancer patients, improving physical and psycho-social well-being while reducing healthcare burden. Participants valued the support, social interaction, and sense of belonging provided by the program.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.404
Mr Siu Nam Li, Prof Peter Peeling, A. P. B. Scott, P. J. Peiffer, Dr Alex Shaykevich, Dr Olivier Girard
We investigated whether a single heart-rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia affects the recovery of physical and psycho-physiological responses from residual fatigue compared to normoxia. On separate occasions, twelve trained males had countermovement jump height, leg stiffness, and perceptual fatigue assessed daily during a 3-d acute training camp scenario. On days 1 and 3, participants cycled for 60 min at a constant heart rate (80% of ventilatory threshold). On day 2, fatigue was induced through a simulated team game circuit (STGC), followed by a 60-min heart rate clamped cycling bout in either normoxia, hypoxia (simulated altitude ∼3500 m), or no cycling. Compared to baseline, jump height decreased at all timepoints following the STGC (all p < 0.05). Leg stiffness and cycling power output only decreased immediately following the STGC, with a 48% further decrease in cycling power output in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). The well-being questionnaire showed that perceived fatigue, decreased sleep quality, and increased muscle soreness responses occurred on day 3 (p< 0.05). In a pre-fatigued state, a single heart rate-clamped cycling session in hypoxia reduced mechanical output without affecting recovery of physical performance and perceptual measures from residual fatigue induced through team sport activity.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF A SINGLE HEART RATE-CLAMPED CYCLING SESSION UNDER SYSTEMIC HYPOXIA ON RECOVERY OF PHYSICAL AND PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES FROM EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE","authors":"Mr Siu Nam Li, Prof Peter Peeling, A. P. B. Scott, P. J. Peiffer, Dr Alex Shaykevich, Dr Olivier Girard","doi":"10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.404","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 We investigated whether a single heart-rate clamped cycling session under systemic hypoxia affects the recovery of physical and psycho-physiological responses from residual fatigue compared to normoxia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 On separate occasions, twelve trained males had countermovement jump height, leg stiffness, and perceptual fatigue assessed daily during a 3-d acute training camp scenario. On days 1 and 3, participants cycled for 60 min at a constant heart rate (80% of ventilatory threshold). On day 2, fatigue was induced through a simulated team game circuit (STGC), followed by a 60-min heart rate clamped cycling bout in either normoxia, hypoxia (simulated altitude ∼3500 m), or no cycling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to baseline, jump height decreased at all timepoints following the STGC (all p < 0.05). Leg stiffness and cycling power output only decreased immediately following the STGC, with a 48% further decrease in cycling power output in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). The well-being questionnaire showed that perceived fatigue, decreased sleep quality, and increased muscle soreness responses occurred on day 3 (p< 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In a pre-fatigued state, a single heart rate-clamped cycling session in hypoxia reduced mechanical output without affecting recovery of physical performance and perceptual measures from residual fatigue induced through team sport activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":92070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical exercise physiology","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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