Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.02
M. Aceves-Fernández, J. Ramos-Arreguín, J. Pedraza-Ortega, A. Sotomayor-Olmedo, S. Tovar-Arriaga
In this work, the use of Recurrence Plots and Recurrence Quantification Analysis explores the changes in the non-linear behavior of harmful airborne particle concentration in four sites around London simultaneously. This research has been carried out for 6 years, using large datasets of raw data (hourly) for harmful particles such as CO, SO2, NO2, NO and Particulate Matter (PMx). Recurrence analysis has been shown to be a useful tool in many disciplines to find trends, rates and predictions. Nevertheless, it has not been shown before the feasibility of using these algorithms to extract infor- mation for pollution monitoring and control. Also, observations are made with the results and conclusions drawn from these observations, showing the feasibility of this approach in finding trends of airborne pollution.
{"title":"Finding Trends of Airborne Harmful Pollutants by Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis","authors":"M. Aceves-Fernández, J. Ramos-Arreguín, J. Pedraza-Ortega, A. Sotomayor-Olmedo, S. Tovar-Arriaga","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the use of Recurrence Plots and Recurrence Quantification Analysis explores the changes in the non-linear behavior of harmful airborne particle concentration in four sites around London simultaneously. This research has been carried out for 6 years, using large datasets of raw data (hourly) for harmful particles such as CO, SO2, NO2, NO and Particulate Matter (PMx). Recurrence analysis has been shown to be a useful tool in many disciplines to find trends, rates and predictions. Nevertheless, it has not been shown before the feasibility of using these algorithms to extract infor- mation for pollution monitoring and control. Also, observations are made with the results and conclusions drawn from these observations, showing the feasibility of this approach in finding trends of airborne pollution.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.07
Akobundu Nwanosike Amadi
Increased industrial expansion and population in Aba has lead to huge generation of wastes and their disposal has resulted to air, land and water pollution. This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Aba River in southeastern Nigeria. Heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, As and Pb were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the result compared with the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The pollution load index between the heavy metals in the river produced the following output: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. The metals exhibited a good linear correlation coefficient and the application of factor analysis on the data revealed three sources of pollution arising from the various human activities taking place along the river channel. The findings indicate that the water needs some degree of treatment before consumption and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.
阿坝的工业扩张和人口增加导致了大量废物的产生，废物的处理导致了空气、土地和水污染。本研究考察了尼日利亚东南部阿坝河的重金属污染程度。采用原子吸收分光光度计对水中重金属Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Cd、as、Pb进行了分析，并与尼日利亚饮用水水质标准进行了比较。河流中重金属污染负荷指数为Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd。各重金属表现出良好的线性相关系数，对数据进行因子分析，揭示了河流沿岸各种人类活动造成的3种污染源。研究结果表明，水在饮用前需要进行一定程度的处理，还需要保护它免受污染的危害。
{"title":"Quality Assessment of Aba River Using Heavy Metal Pollution Index","authors":"Akobundu Nwanosike Amadi","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.07","url":null,"abstract":"Increased industrial expansion and population in Aba has lead to huge generation of wastes and their disposal has resulted to air, land and water pollution. This study examined the degree of heavy metal contamination of Aba River in southeastern Nigeria. Heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, As and Pb were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the result compared with the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The pollution load index between the heavy metals in the river produced the following output: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. The metals exhibited a good linear correlation coefficient and the application of factor analysis on the data revealed three sources of pollution arising from the various human activities taking place along the river channel. The findings indicate that the water needs some degree of treatment before consumption and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.01
R. Marandi, S. Sepehr
This paper presents mathematical study by using computer simulation program (ANSYS), in order to measure the effect of ceiling and wall fans in decreasing air temperature during night time in Aswan, Egypt (latitude 24° N), Where the indoor temperature exceeds the thermal comfort through overheated period. Heat gain of the high mass building during the day time increases the indoor temperature at the night time. As a result, the indoor temperature becomes higher than the outdoor temperature at the night time in summer. Simulation study for three experimental models according to ventilation conditions. The first model that depends on cross ventilation (cross ventilation model), the second model is hybrid ventilation that consists of natural ventilation (cross ventilation) and mechanical ventilation (ceiling fan), the third model is same as second model but using wall fan instead of ceiling fan. The boundary conditions are according to Aswan weather in overheated period. Simulation results of cross ventilation and hybrid ventilation models decreased indoor temperature from 5 oC to 8.5 oC in case of outdoor temperature is 27°C during night time, while indoor temperature is 38°C. The wall fan enhances indoor air flow more than the ceiling fan and air flow is well-distributed inside the room at sitting level.
{"title":"Removal of Orange 7 Dye from Wastewater Used by Natural Adsorbent of Moringa Oleifera Seeds","authors":"R. Marandi, S. Sepehr","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20110101.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents mathematical study by using computer simulation program (ANSYS), in order to measure the effect of ceiling and wall fans in decreasing air temperature during night time in Aswan, Egypt (latitude 24° N), Where the indoor temperature exceeds the thermal comfort through overheated period. Heat gain of the high mass building during the day time increases the indoor temperature at the night time. As a result, the indoor temperature becomes higher than the outdoor temperature at the night time in summer. Simulation study for three experimental models according to ventilation conditions. The first model that depends on cross ventilation (cross ventilation model), the second model is hybrid ventilation that consists of natural ventilation (cross ventilation) and mechanical ventilation (ceiling fan), the third model is same as second model but using wall fan instead of ceiling fan. The boundary conditions are according to Aswan weather in overheated period. Simulation results of cross ventilation and hybrid ventilation models decreased indoor temperature from 5 oC to 8.5 oC in case of outdoor temperature is 27°C during night time, while indoor temperature is 38°C. The wall fan enhances indoor air flow more than the ceiling fan and air flow is well-distributed inside the room at sitting level.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.04
S. Upadhyaya, P. Saikia
The Cotton Pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus Gmelin though a native bird of our the South Asian locality, the number being found in fluctuating since the first study made in this concern. The present study was conducted to have a detailed look over the factors responsible for the population decline in certain wetlands in Assam, India, from June 2006 to January 2011. The multifold anthropogenic pressures as well as the other natural pressures on the species are responsible for the steep decrease of its population in the study area. The present study deals with an assessment of problems and prospects of the conservation of the Cotton Pygmy-goose in Eastern plain of Assam during 2006-2011.
{"title":"Study on Conservation and Management of Cotton Pygmy-Goose Population in Assam (India)","authors":"S. Upadhyaya, P. Saikia","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Cotton Pygmy-goose, Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus Gmelin though a native bird of our the South Asian locality, the number being found in fluctuating since the first study made in this concern. The present study was conducted to have a detailed look over the factors responsible for the population decline in certain wetlands in Assam, India, from June 2006 to January 2011. The multifold anthropogenic pressures as well as the other natural pressures on the species are responsible for the steep decrease of its population in the study area. The present study deals with an assessment of problems and prospects of the conservation of the Cotton Pygmy-goose in Eastern plain of Assam during 2006-2011.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.06
H. Kavianpoor, A. E. Ouri, Z. J. Jeloudar, A. Kavian
Soil is a suitable place for vegetation and plant growth, while this valuable investment is not preserved, shortage of food, erosion and damage natural resources will be respected. Soil is a heterogeneous, diverse and dynamic system and investigation of its temporal and spatial changes is essential. In this paper spatial variability of some chemical and physical soil properties were investigated in mountainous rangelands of Nesho, Mazandaran province, Iran. From the study area 110 soil samples were sampled by a systematic sampling strategy at 0 to 30 cm depth below the surface on a regular grid spacing of 30 × 30 m 2 with different vegetation cover and all the samples were transported to laboratory. Then soil chemical and physical parameters including Acidity (pH), Electrical conductivity, CaCO3, Bulk density, Particle density, total phos- phorus, total Nitrogen, available potassium, Organic matter, Saturation moisture, Soil texture (percentage of sand, silt and clay), Sodium, Calcium, magnesium were measured in laboratory. After data normalization, classical statistical analysis were used to describe soil properties and geo-statistical analysis were used to illustrate spatial correlation of soil characteristics and by using interpolating techniques of maps spatial distribution of these properties was prepared. Results indicated that in the study area saturation moisture and percentage of Sand had highest and lowest spatial correlation respectively.
土壤是适合植被和植物生长的地方，如果这种宝贵的投资得不到保护，粮食短缺、侵蚀和自然资源的破坏将受到尊重。土壤是一个异质性、多样性和动态性的系统，研究其时空变化是十分必要的。本文研究了伊朗马赞达兰省Nesho山区草地土壤理化性质的空间变异性。采用系统采样策略，在地表以下0 ~ 30 cm深度，按30 × 30 m 2的规则格网采样110份土壤样品，不同植被覆盖度的土壤样品全部运回实验室。然后在实验室测量了土壤的理化参数，包括酸度(pH)、电导率、CaCO3、容重、颗粒密度、全磷、全氮、速效钾、有机质、饱和水分、土壤质地(砂、粉、粘土百分比)、钠、钙、镁。在数据归一化后，利用经典统计分析描述土壤性质，利用地质统计分析说明土壤特征的空间相关性，并利用地图插值技术制备土壤性质的空间分布。结果表明，研究区饱和水分和沙粒百分比的空间相关性最高，空间相关性最低。
{"title":"Spatial Variability of Some Chemical and Physical Soil Properties in Nesho Mountainous Rangelands","authors":"H. Kavianpoor, A. E. Ouri, Z. J. Jeloudar, A. Kavian","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120201.06","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is a suitable place for vegetation and plant growth, while this valuable investment is not preserved, shortage of food, erosion and damage natural resources will be respected. Soil is a heterogeneous, diverse and dynamic system and investigation of its temporal and spatial changes is essential. In this paper spatial variability of some chemical and physical soil properties were investigated in mountainous rangelands of Nesho, Mazandaran province, Iran. From the study area 110 soil samples were sampled by a systematic sampling strategy at 0 to 30 cm depth below the surface on a regular grid spacing of 30 × 30 m 2 with different vegetation cover and all the samples were transported to laboratory. Then soil chemical and physical parameters including Acidity (pH), Electrical conductivity, CaCO3, Bulk density, Particle density, total phos- phorus, total Nitrogen, available potassium, Organic matter, Saturation moisture, Soil texture (percentage of sand, silt and clay), Sodium, Calcium, magnesium were measured in laboratory. After data normalization, classical statistical analysis were used to describe soil properties and geo-statistical analysis were used to illustrate spatial correlation of soil characteristics and by using interpolating techniques of maps spatial distribution of these properties was prepared. Results indicated that in the study area saturation moisture and percentage of Sand had highest and lowest spatial correlation respectively.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-09DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.03
Egila J.N, O. JimohT., Ifunanya G.N, O. Dayo
The adsorption of Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions by cellulosic (Caryota rumphiana flower) and keratinous (Goat hooves) materials was investigated in order to compare their adsorptive capability. The experiments were carried out by batch method at 30℃ and the effect o f initial metal ion concentrations and contact time were evaluated. Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions attained equi- lib riu m within 60 and 120 minutes respectively for both cellulosic and keratinous material. The equilib riu m data fitted the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. This study demonstrated that Caryota rumphiana flower and Goat hooves could be used as an alternative adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions fro m aqueous solution.
{"title":"Comparism of Adsorption Behaviour of Caryota Rumphia na Flower and Goat Hooves to Lead and Manganese Ions in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Egila J.N, O. JimohT., Ifunanya G.N, O. Dayo","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.03","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions by cellulosic (Caryota rumphiana flower) and keratinous (Goat hooves) materials was investigated in order to compare their adsorptive capability. The experiments were carried out by batch method at 30℃ and the effect o f initial metal ion concentrations and contact time were evaluated. Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions attained equi- lib riu m within 60 and 120 minutes respectively for both cellulosic and keratinous material. The equilib riu m data fitted the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. This study demonstrated that Caryota rumphiana flower and Goat hooves could be used as an alternative adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ and Mn 2+ ions fro m aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-09DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.02
M. A. El-Borie, M. Abd-Elzaher, A. Shenawy
It is a clear fact that the Earth's climate has been changing since the pre-industrial era, especially during the last three decades. This change is generally attributed to two main factors: greenhouse gases (GHGs) and solar activ ity changes. However, these factors are not all-independent. Furthermore, contributions of the above-mentioned factors are still d isputed. The aim of th is paper is relation in the longer t ime (1880-2011), between changer of g lobal surface temperature (GST), and solar geomagnetic activ ist represented by sunspot number (Rz) and geomagnetic indices (aa , Kp ), and to what degree they are connected. The geomagnetics aa are more effect ive on global surface temperature than solar activity. Furthermore, the global surface temperature are strongly sensitive to the 21.3-yr, 10.6-yr, and 5.3-yr variations that observed in the considered geomagnetic and sunspot spectra. The present changes in aa geo magnetics may reflect part ially some future changes in the global surface temperatures.
{"title":"Solar and Geomagnetic Activity Effects on Global Surface Temperatures","authors":"M. A. El-Borie, M. Abd-Elzaher, A. Shenawy","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"It is a clear fact that the Earth's climate has been changing since the pre-industrial era, especially during the last three decades. This change is generally attributed to two main factors: greenhouse gases (GHGs) and solar activ ity changes. However, these factors are not all-independent. Furthermore, contributions of the above-mentioned factors are still d isputed. The aim of th is paper is relation in the longer t ime (1880-2011), between changer of g lobal surface temperature (GST), and solar geomagnetic activ ist represented by sunspot number (Rz) and geomagnetic indices (aa , Kp ), and to what degree they are connected. The geomagnetics aa are more effect ive on global surface temperature than solar activity. Furthermore, the global surface temperature are strongly sensitive to the 21.3-yr, 10.6-yr, and 5.3-yr variations that observed in the considered geomagnetic and sunspot spectra. The present changes in aa geo magnetics may reflect part ially some future changes in the global surface temperatures.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-09DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.06
U. Mammadova
Beside other innate resources Pirgulu has rich wind energy potential. Renewable energy application in the surrounding villages next to Pigulu preserve is possible after having estimated the local potential, due to the existing methods the ensurating of wind energy parameters and proceeding of these data have been realized. Average annual amount of windy, windless and total wind energy potential were determined in the region. Also the quantity of windy days possessing more than 15 m/sec wind speed in the territory. Finally wind energy potential map was established in electron version using arc-view program.
{"title":"Wind Energy Potential Estimation in Pirgulu Region","authors":"U. Mammadova","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.06","url":null,"abstract":"Beside other innate resources Pirgulu has rich wind energy potential. Renewable energy application in the surrounding villages next to Pigulu preserve is possible after having estimated the local potential, due to the existing methods the ensurating of wind energy parameters and proceeding of these data have been realized. Average annual amount of windy, windless and total wind energy potential were determined in the region. Also the quantity of windy days possessing more than 15 m/sec wind speed in the territory. Finally wind energy potential map was established in electron version using arc-view program.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-09DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.04
Z. Gonzalez, M. Feria, F. Vargas, Alejandro Rodríguez
The co mbustion of waste fractions fro m the use of pruning of olive and orange trimmings used in the production of pulp for paper have been studied and the results were co mpared with those of other non-wood materials (Hesperaloe funifera, empty fru it bunches from o il palm, and banana trees), also used in the paper industry. Heating values were co mpared with experimental values estimated with elemental analysis, contents of the main co mpo- nents (cellulose, lignin, ext ractives with ethanol-benzene) and p ro ximate analysis (volat ile, ash and fixed carbon). The best estimate of values were obtained with the equation that correlates the heating values and the amount of carbon fixed and volatile, wh ich reproduces the experimental values with less than 4% errors The values of flame temperature (between 1100 and 2400 °C depending on the excess air used and heat loss), dew point temperature (between 44 and 54 oC) and the air/fuel ratio (between 4.5 and 9.5 kg air / kg fuel) were calculated. Finally, the kJ prices obtained by combustion of the materials considered in this art icle were co mpared with those fro m fossil fuels and proved to be more expensive than the materials studied here (less than 3.4 €/MkJ) .
{"title":"Comparison of the Heating Values of Various Types of Fuel from Non-Wood Raw Materials","authors":"Z. Gonzalez, M. Feria, F. Vargas, Alejandro Rodríguez","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.04","url":null,"abstract":"The co mbustion of waste fractions fro m the use of pruning of olive and orange trimmings used in the production of pulp for paper have been studied and the results were co mpared with those of other non-wood materials (Hesperaloe funifera, empty fru it bunches from o il palm, and banana trees), also used in the paper industry. Heating values were co mpared with experimental values estimated with elemental analysis, contents of the main co mpo- nents (cellulose, lignin, ext ractives with ethanol-benzene) and p ro ximate analysis (volat ile, ash and fixed carbon). The best estimate of values were obtained with the equation that correlates the heating values and the amount of carbon fixed and volatile, wh ich reproduces the experimental values with less than 4% errors The values of flame temperature (between 1100 and 2400 °C depending on the excess air used and heat loss), dew point temperature (between 44 and 54 oC) and the air/fuel ratio (between 4.5 and 9.5 kg air / kg fuel) were calculated. Finally, the kJ prices obtained by combustion of the materials considered in this art icle were co mpared with those fro m fossil fuels and proved to be more expensive than the materials studied here (less than 3.4 €/MkJ) .","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"308 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-09DOI: 10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.05
O. Zogou, A. Stamatelos
This paper presents the results of a monitoring campaign for ambient PM10 concentrations in Volos, Greece in the period 2005-2010. The aim is to give an overview of the evolution of particulate pollution, discuss effects of the micro-climate and demonstrate that PM10 monitoring may be carried out with low-cost measurement instruments at a community level. Statistical processing of the 2009-2010 measurement data indicates a negative correlation of PM10 with ambient air temperature and a positive correlation with relative humidity. Low PM10 concentrations are associated with E to SE winds and high concentrations with NW to N winds. Daily variation of particulate matter concentrations follows well established patterns with peaks at 09:00-10:00 and 23:00-24:00. The operation of an expanded PM10 monitoring network is under way.
{"title":"Analysis of Data From Ambient PM 10 Concentration Monitoring in Volos in the Period 2005-2010","authors":"O. Zogou, A. Stamatelos","doi":"10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJEE.20120204.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a monitoring campaign for ambient PM10 concentrations in Volos, Greece in the period 2005-2010. The aim is to give an overview of the evolution of particulate pollution, discuss effects of the micro-climate and demonstrate that PM10 monitoring may be carried out with low-cost measurement instruments at a community level. Statistical processing of the 2009-2010 measurement data indicates a negative correlation of PM10 with ambient air temperature and a positive correlation with relative humidity. Low PM10 concentrations are associated with E to SE winds and high concentrations with NW to N winds. Daily variation of particulate matter concentrations follows well established patterns with peaks at 09:00-10:00 and 23:00-24:00. The operation of an expanded PM10 monitoring network is under way.","PeriodicalId":92604,"journal":{"name":"American journal of environmental engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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