Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1177/03085759221115212
Rosanna Samuel, Claire Holdaway, L. Vella
Non-violent resistance (NVR) therapy is a parenting intervention increasingly used for violent and/or controlling behaviour by adopted children. However, little is known about adoptive parents’ experiences of using it. In this study, semi-structured interviews with 10 mothers were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) The importance of values: experiences of NVR are underpinned by the fit between personal values and those of NVR; (2) NVR is hard work; (3) Providing hope for change; (4) A spectrum of success. Results indicated that if the NVR approach is aligned with mothers’ values, it is experienced as an effective intervention for child–to–parent violence (CPV). In addition, while considerable effort is required to ‘do’ NVR, it becomes easier as it is unconsciously incorporated into practice. These findings add to the emerging evidence-base for NVR, complementing empirical studies that have shown it to successfully reduce CPV. These findings may also help clinicians prepare adoptive parents for the challenge of using it.
{"title":"How do adoptive mothers make sense of their experiences of using non-violent resistance therapy with their children? An interpretative phenomenological analysis","authors":"Rosanna Samuel, Claire Holdaway, L. Vella","doi":"10.1177/03085759221115212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221115212","url":null,"abstract":"Non-violent resistance (NVR) therapy is a parenting intervention increasingly used for violent and/or controlling behaviour by adopted children. However, little is known about adoptive parents’ experiences of using it. In this study, semi-structured interviews with 10 mothers were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified: (1) The importance of values: experiences of NVR are underpinned by the fit between personal values and those of NVR; (2) NVR is hard work; (3) Providing hope for change; (4) A spectrum of success. Results indicated that if the NVR approach is aligned with mothers’ values, it is experienced as an effective intervention for child–to–parent violence (CPV). In addition, while considerable effort is required to ‘do’ NVR, it becomes easier as it is unconsciously incorporated into practice. These findings add to the emerging evidence-base for NVR, complementing empirical studies that have shown it to successfully reduce CPV. These findings may also help clinicians prepare adoptive parents for the challenge of using it.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"04 1","pages":"247 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88780630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1177/03085759221110635
R. Bullock
{"title":"Voices from the silent cradles: Life histories of Romania’s looked-after children by Mariela Neagu","authors":"R. Bullock","doi":"10.1177/03085759221110635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221110635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"111 1","pages":"354 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72903699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221100289
Lee J McLamb, Bailey Wagaman, Emalee Kerr, S. Berman
This US study examined dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity distress among adults who experienced adoption as a child and the relationship between these factors. Further, groups of adoptees recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and social media were compared to assess whether these two recruitment methods achieve similar results. Adopted adults (n = 389) and non-adopted adults (n = 151) completed an online survey. Significant differences were found between adopted and non-adopted groups on the measures of dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity. Rejection sensitivity and dissociation were also found to be better predictors of identity problems than adoption status alone. Recruitment methods resulted in significant differences on measures. Implications for consideration in a clinical setting are discussed as well as potential areas for future research.
{"title":"Dissociation, identity distress and rejection sensitivity in adult adoptees","authors":"Lee J McLamb, Bailey Wagaman, Emalee Kerr, S. Berman","doi":"10.1177/03085759221100289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221100289","url":null,"abstract":"This US study examined dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity distress among adults who experienced adoption as a child and the relationship between these factors. Further, groups of adoptees recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and social media were compared to assess whether these two recruitment methods achieve similar results. Adopted adults (n = 389) and non-adopted adults (n = 151) completed an online survey. Significant differences were found between adopted and non-adopted groups on the measures of dissociation, rejection sensitivity and identity. Rejection sensitivity and dissociation were also found to be better predictors of identity problems than adoption status alone. Recruitment methods resulted in significant differences on measures. Implications for consideration in a clinical setting are discussed as well as potential areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"1 1","pages":"151 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90248373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221091326
Elaine Matchett
This article assesses the significance of generalist and designated schoolteachers for the educational experiences of children in care. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with 21 care-experienced individuals aged between 18 and 27 and three senior employees of a children’s services department in an English local authority. Participants discussed the importance of relationships with key adults and peers, the complexity of disclosing their care status and their commitment to education. The results show that generalist teachers offer considerable support to children, far beyond their statutory responsibilities, but that the designated teacher role, although important, is not understood or utilised by their fellow teachers and the majority of pupils who are in care.
{"title":"‘It starts when teachers are training’: The role of generalist and designated teachers in the educational experiences of children in care","authors":"Elaine Matchett","doi":"10.1177/03085759221091326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221091326","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the significance of generalist and designated schoolteachers for the educational experiences of children in care. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with 21 care-experienced individuals aged between 18 and 27 and three senior employees of a children’s services department in an English local authority. Participants discussed the importance of relationships with key adults and peers, the complexity of disclosing their care status and their commitment to education. The results show that generalist teachers offer considerable support to children, far beyond their statutory responsibilities, but that the designated teacher role, although important, is not understood or utilised by their fellow teachers and the majority of pupils who are in care.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"66 1","pages":"120 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76840913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221103592
The article focuses on guidance to clinical services in England on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Topics include examines after delays due to the covid-19 pandemic, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence published the first quality standard on this topic and seen the development of a number of reports and initiatives that seem to be increasing awareness of the need for improved services for those individuals and families affected by FASD.
{"title":"The NICE quality standard for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Will it make a difference?","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03085759221103592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221103592","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on guidance to clinical services in England on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Topics include examines after delays due to the covid-19 pandemic, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence published the first quality standard on this topic and seen the development of a number of reports and initiatives that seem to be increasing awareness of the need for improved services for those individuals and families affected by FASD.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"31 1","pages":"214 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221100774
R. Bullock
First of all, I would like to pay tribute to Miranda Davies who retired in March after 27 years as our Journal Manager. Her publishing acumen, sensitivity to readers’ needs and intellectual insights were major factors in maintaining the standard of the journal and hundreds of people benefitted from her help and advice. She has been replaced by Victoria Walker who brings to the journal considerable experience of producing research publications. My time as Commissioning Editor is also coming to a close after 19 years and the advertisement for my successor appeared in the March edition (2022). Having been involved in child welfare research for nearly 60 years, I have been thinking about suitable swansongs for the final editorials. In the past, I tried to use editorials to comment on current affairs and draw out the relevance of articles in each edition. But as we move to thinking about what a post-Covid, post-Brexit welfare state should look like, it seems most fruitful to focus on fundamental principles rather than service details. So, following St Paul’s advice, my final editorials will dwell on the things eternal that are not seen rather than the things temporal that are. In the March edition, this process started with a framework seeking to help fashion a more effective service for adolescents who now form a large proportion of looked after children but seem to have been overlooked in recent years. This time, the topic is the enduring concept of ‘prevention’ and what its role might be in future children’s services. In the following discussion, several references are cited that are quite old. This is deliberate as I wish to show that pioneers were seeking answers to difficult questions half a century ago and there is a body of high-quality research available that has passed into history. It would be a pity if the new generation simply reinvented the wheel.
{"title":"Prevention and early intervention with children in need","authors":"R. Bullock","doi":"10.1177/03085759221100774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221100774","url":null,"abstract":"First of all, I would like to pay tribute to Miranda Davies who retired in March after 27 years as our Journal Manager. Her publishing acumen, sensitivity to readers’ needs and intellectual insights were major factors in maintaining the standard of the journal and hundreds of people benefitted from her help and advice. She has been replaced by Victoria Walker who brings to the journal considerable experience of producing research publications. My time as Commissioning Editor is also coming to a close after 19 years and the advertisement for my successor appeared in the March edition (2022). Having been involved in child welfare research for nearly 60 years, I have been thinking about suitable swansongs for the final editorials. In the past, I tried to use editorials to comment on current affairs and draw out the relevance of articles in each edition. But as we move to thinking about what a post-Covid, post-Brexit welfare state should look like, it seems most fruitful to focus on fundamental principles rather than service details. So, following St Paul’s advice, my final editorials will dwell on the things eternal that are not seen rather than the things temporal that are. In the March edition, this process started with a framework seeking to help fashion a more effective service for adolescents who now form a large proportion of looked after children but seem to have been overlooked in recent years. This time, the topic is the enduring concept of ‘prevention’ and what its role might be in future children’s services. In the following discussion, several references are cited that are quite old. This is deliberate as I wish to show that pioneers were seeking answers to difficult questions half a century ago and there is a body of high-quality research available that has passed into history. It would be a pity if the new generation simply reinvented the wheel.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"8 1","pages":"115 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88081355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221094357
S. Coulter, S. Mooney, Mandi MacDonald, Lesa Daly
This article reports on a study conducted in two counties in the Republic of Ireland designed to elicit the views of fostering and adoption stakeholder groups on the mental health needs of the children, young people and families for whom they are responsible. Included in these groups are young people, adoptive parents, foster carers and professionals who manage and deliver mental health services or refer cases to them. Focus group methodology was employed to ascertain participants’ views. The emerging data was analysed thematically and the key findings include: the need for a universal and integrated system offering mental health services; the importance of an attachment- and trauma-informed approach, incorporating a ‘whole-family’ perspective; the difficulties many families face in accessing timely and appropriate services with the associated risk of destabilising placements; the tension created by the balance between crisis responses and longer-term therapeutic support; poor levels of communication and collaboration between services; and a general aspiration to fashion a dedicated therapeutically focused service open to all foster and adoptive children and their families. Findings and recommendations are discussed in light of the existing models of good practice for providing integrated mental health services.
{"title":"‘They shouldn’t have to ask’: Exploring the need for specialist mental health services for care-experienced and adopted children and their families","authors":"S. Coulter, S. Mooney, Mandi MacDonald, Lesa Daly","doi":"10.1177/03085759221094357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221094357","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study conducted in two counties in the Republic of Ireland designed to elicit the views of fostering and adoption stakeholder groups on the mental health needs of the children, young people and families for whom they are responsible. Included in these groups are young people, adoptive parents, foster carers and professionals who manage and deliver mental health services or refer cases to them. Focus group methodology was employed to ascertain participants’ views. The emerging data was analysed thematically and the key findings include: the need for a universal and integrated system offering mental health services; the importance of an attachment- and trauma-informed approach, incorporating a ‘whole-family’ perspective; the difficulties many families face in accessing timely and appropriate services with the associated risk of destabilising placements; the tension created by the balance between crisis responses and longer-term therapeutic support; poor levels of communication and collaboration between services; and a general aspiration to fashion a dedicated therapeutically focused service open to all foster and adoptive children and their families. Findings and recommendations are discussed in light of the existing models of good practice for providing integrated mental health services.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"42 1","pages":"166 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221100585
Nicola Heady, A. Watkins, A. John, H. Hutchings
Looked after children (LAC) continue to be one of the most vulnerable groups in society with numbers and rates in care increasing year-on-year. The aim of this study was to explore the unique perspectives, perceptions and opinions of experienced social workers on the little explored subject of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in this population. Using purposeful sampling, 10 social work professionals with extensive experience of working with these children were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis using NVivo software was utilised to analyse, code and identify themes that contributed to the aims of the study. Four overarching themes and sub-themes emerged from the findings: perceptions of NDDs, perceptions of diagnosis, access to service provision and the impact on care settings. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia and dyspraxia were the more prominent conditions discussed. Even though these children are embedded in service provision, the findings raise important questions for both health and social care policy. There is a pressing need for research from a nationwide context to further explore areas of prevalence, training, resources, access to relevant specialist support services and the impacts on the already vulnerable LAC with an NDD.
{"title":"The challenges that social care services face in relation to looked after children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A unique insight from a social worker perspective","authors":"Nicola Heady, A. Watkins, A. John, H. Hutchings","doi":"10.1177/03085759221100585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221100585","url":null,"abstract":"Looked after children (LAC) continue to be one of the most vulnerable groups in society with numbers and rates in care increasing year-on-year. The aim of this study was to explore the unique perspectives, perceptions and opinions of experienced social workers on the little explored subject of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in this population. Using purposeful sampling, 10 social work professionals with extensive experience of working with these children were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis using NVivo software was utilised to analyse, code and identify themes that contributed to the aims of the study. Four overarching themes and sub-themes emerged from the findings: perceptions of NDDs, perceptions of diagnosis, access to service provision and the impact on care settings. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia and dyspraxia were the more prominent conditions discussed. Even though these children are embedded in service provision, the findings raise important questions for both health and social care policy. There is a pressing need for research from a nationwide context to further explore areas of prevalence, training, resources, access to relevant specialist support services and the impacts on the already vulnerable LAC with an NDD.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"26 1","pages":"184 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221092485
Jean-Luc Despax, E. Bouteyre, T. Guiller
Adopted adults are presented in the psychological literature as being highly vulnerable to mental health issues. It is probable, therefore, that this vulnerability will affect many aspects of their lives. One such area is their romantic relationships but, to our knowledge, research on this is noticeably sparse, especially with regard to the significance for adoptees’ partners. The objective of the present study was to fill this gap by: (1) comparing the psychological profiles of adoptees’ versus non-adoptees’ partners and exploring their representations of the marital relationship, and (2) investigating the links between the psychological and relational variables in these two groups. To achieve these goals, scales measuring attachment, mental health, dyadic coping and co-parenting were administered to 104 partners of adoptees and 104 partners of non-adoptees. Results showed that there was no difference between the two groups on any of the variables considered. However, a correlation analysis did reveal that dismissing attachment was more closely linked to co-parental conflicts among adoptees’ partners: the more dismissive the non-adopted partner, the fewer the co-parental conflicts. This correlation comparison suggests that dismissing attachment might be a protective factor for co-parental conflicts with the adopted partner, which is in line with some previous studies related to the specificities of attachment among adopted adults.
{"title":"Psychological profiles of adoptees’ partners and their representations of the marital relationship","authors":"Jean-Luc Despax, E. Bouteyre, T. Guiller","doi":"10.1177/03085759221092485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221092485","url":null,"abstract":"Adopted adults are presented in the psychological literature as being highly vulnerable to mental health issues. It is probable, therefore, that this vulnerability will affect many aspects of their lives. One such area is their romantic relationships but, to our knowledge, research on this is noticeably sparse, especially with regard to the significance for adoptees’ partners. The objective of the present study was to fill this gap by: (1) comparing the psychological profiles of adoptees’ versus non-adoptees’ partners and exploring their representations of the marital relationship, and (2) investigating the links between the psychological and relational variables in these two groups. To achieve these goals, scales measuring attachment, mental health, dyadic coping and co-parenting were administered to 104 partners of adoptees and 104 partners of non-adoptees. Results showed that there was no difference between the two groups on any of the variables considered. However, a correlation analysis did reveal that dismissing attachment was more closely linked to co-parental conflicts among adoptees’ partners: the more dismissive the non-adopted partner, the fewer the co-parental conflicts. This correlation comparison suggests that dismissing attachment might be a protective factor for co-parental conflicts with the adopted partner, which is in line with some previous studies related to the specificities of attachment among adopted adults.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"16 1","pages":"134 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86713368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221086567b
R. Pollock
i. See Article 15(3)(c) ii. [2017] 1 FLR 223 iii. [2021] NIFam 7 iv. Citing, Munby J in AB v JCB [2008] EWHC 2965 at [35] v. [2016] UKSC 15 at [43] vi. Ibid, at para 46 vii. [2014] EWHC 16 at [24] viii. [2015] EWCA 1112 at [189] ix. [2014] EWCA 152 at [20] x. [2013] UKSC 33 xi. Ibid, at [105] xii. Op cit, at [15] xiii. Citing, for example, Moylan J in Leicester City Council v S [2014] EWHC 1575 at [9] and [10]
{"title":"Scotland","authors":"R. Pollock","doi":"10.1177/03085759221086567b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221086567b","url":null,"abstract":"i. See Article 15(3)(c) ii. [2017] 1 FLR 223 iii. [2021] NIFam 7 iv. Citing, Munby J in AB v JCB [2008] EWHC 2965 at [35] v. [2016] UKSC 15 at [43] vi. Ibid, at para 46 vii. [2014] EWHC 16 at [24] viii. [2015] EWCA 1112 at [189] ix. [2014] EWCA 152 at [20] x. [2013] UKSC 33 xi. Ibid, at [105] xii. Op cit, at [15] xiii. Citing, for example, Moylan J in Leicester City Council v S [2014] EWHC 1575 at [9] and [10]","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"36 1","pages":"95 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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