Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221080437
R. Bullock
It is hard to find much that is optimistic about children’s services at the moment. Bad news always displaces good but reports from local authorities and charities continually broadcast worrying news. Among those concerned is Anne Longfield, the former Children’s Commissioner for England and now Director of the Commission on Young Lives. She states that the children’s social care system in England is ‘unfit for purpose’ and gives examples of dangerous practices such as ‘handing over’ some vulnerable teenagers to criminals and abusers by moving them ‘out of area’ to live in dangerous unregulated accommodation. Many of the problems making the news have been exacerbated by Covid, so there is a feeling that things should improve once things return to ‘normal’. But one statement in her 2021 report deals with a more enduring issue:
{"title":"Addressing the needs of adolescents","authors":"R. Bullock","doi":"10.1177/03085759221080437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221080437","url":null,"abstract":"It is hard to find much that is optimistic about children’s services at the moment. Bad news always displaces good but reports from local authorities and charities continually broadcast worrying news. Among those concerned is Anne Longfield, the former Children’s Commissioner for England and now Director of the Commission on Young Lives. She states that the children’s social care system in England is ‘unfit for purpose’ and gives examples of dangerous practices such as ‘handing over’ some vulnerable teenagers to criminals and abusers by moving them ‘out of area’ to live in dangerous unregulated accommodation. Many of the problems making the news have been exacerbated by Covid, so there is a feeling that things should improve once things return to ‘normal’. But one statement in her 2021 report deals with a more enduring issue:","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"91 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89965712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221086567
Alexandra Harris
In April 2021 a case was heard in the Court of Appeal in which the applicant noticed that the local authority had applied for a placement order on the basis of an Agency Decision-Maker’s (ADM) decision that had not been made in accordance with the Adoption Agencies Regulations 2005. That case prompted a widespread review of cases where placement orders had been obtained by Somerset County Council and gave rise to an application in a group of cases in which children were in the process of being matched with prospective adopters. The application was for a declaration under Part 18 of the Family Procedure Rules 2010 that the placement orders had been lawfully made, notwithstanding the accepted breach of the Regulations. The local authority agreed that they had breached Regulations 15 and 17. At the time of the ADM decision, the agency did not have a health report from the agency medical adviser, or advice that one was not required. In addition, the Child’s Permanence Report did not include a summary, written by the agency medical adviser, of the state of the child’s health. The court found that the breaches of the Regulations were not merely matters of form which could be easily rectified, but potentially of substance. In each case, the court reviewed the medical reports that had been available to the ADM at the time of decision, and subsequent medical reports. In each case, the court came to the conclusion that the ADM had sufficient medical information before her at the time of making the decision, and that the medical adviser would have been unlikely to recommend further examination. The declarations were therefore made that the decisions and the subsequent placement orders were lawfully made. The court also considered the appointment of the medical adviser, which is required by Regulation 9. There was no formal document setting out the terms of appointment, but the court was satisfied from correspondence made available that the medical adviser had been properly appointed and subject to appropriate supervision and training.
{"title":"England and Wales","authors":"Alexandra Harris","doi":"10.1177/03085759221086567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221086567","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2021 a case was heard in the Court of Appeal in which the applicant noticed that the local authority had applied for a placement order on the basis of an Agency Decision-Maker’s (ADM) decision that had not been made in accordance with the Adoption Agencies Regulations 2005. That case prompted a widespread review of cases where placement orders had been obtained by Somerset County Council and gave rise to an application in a group of cases in which children were in the process of being matched with prospective adopters. The application was for a declaration under Part 18 of the Family Procedure Rules 2010 that the placement orders had been lawfully made, notwithstanding the accepted breach of the Regulations. The local authority agreed that they had breached Regulations 15 and 17. At the time of the ADM decision, the agency did not have a health report from the agency medical adviser, or advice that one was not required. In addition, the Child’s Permanence Report did not include a summary, written by the agency medical adviser, of the state of the child’s health. The court found that the breaches of the Regulations were not merely matters of form which could be easily rectified, but potentially of substance. In each case, the court reviewed the medical reports that had been available to the ADM at the time of decision, and subsequent medical reports. In each case, the court came to the conclusion that the ADM had sufficient medical information before her at the time of making the decision, and that the medical adviser would have been unlikely to recommend further examination. The declarations were therefore made that the decisions and the subsequent placement orders were lawfully made. The court also considered the appointment of the medical adviser, which is required by Regulation 9. There was no formal document setting out the terms of appointment, but the court was satisfied from correspondence made available that the medical adviser had been properly appointed and subject to appropriate supervision and training.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"188 1","pages":"88 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74175373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221090193
The opening keynote session was introduced by Kelda Wood MBE, founder of the charity Climbing Out. She was in conversation with Paralympic athlete, Nick Beighton, discussing their approach to mental health and focusing on the development of resilience following lifechanging traumatic experiences. Both speakers had represented Great Britain in specific activities – paracanoe, rowing and mountain climbing. Climbing Out (https://climbingout. org.uk) was established in 2010 by Kelda who, inspired by what she had learned in her personal journey, now uses this experience to help others who have been affected by lifechanging trauma or illness. The programmes developed and delivered by Climbing Out focus on building resilience. Participants learn to challenge their attitudes and perceptions based on the concept of three As: Acknowledge (life is tough and it is okay to feel how you feel), Accept (that it has happened and you cannot change it) and Action (what you can do, taking control and building on experience). It was inspiring to hear the speakers’ passion and determination in developing and delivering their model. Delegates could instantly relate stories from Climbing Out to the experience of children in care who have often experienced life changing trauma, and conference discussion included comments such as ‘We really need to develop more resilience-building opportunities and resources for our children and young people.’
{"title":"Breathing space: CoramBAAF Health Group conference, 2021 – a summary","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03085759221090193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221090193","url":null,"abstract":"The opening keynote session was introduced by Kelda Wood MBE, founder of the charity Climbing Out. She was in conversation with Paralympic athlete, Nick Beighton, discussing their approach to mental health and focusing on the development of resilience following lifechanging traumatic experiences. Both speakers had represented Great Britain in specific activities – paracanoe, rowing and mountain climbing. Climbing Out (https://climbingout. org.uk) was established in 2010 by Kelda who, inspired by what she had learned in her personal journey, now uses this experience to help others who have been affected by lifechanging trauma or illness. The programmes developed and delivered by Climbing Out focus on building resilience. Participants learn to challenge their attitudes and perceptions based on the concept of three As: Acknowledge (life is tough and it is okay to feel how you feel), Accept (that it has happened and you cannot change it) and Action (what you can do, taking control and building on experience). It was inspiring to hear the speakers’ passion and determination in developing and delivering their model. Delegates could instantly relate stories from Climbing Out to the experience of children in care who have often experienced life changing trauma, and conference discussion included comments such as ‘We really need to develop more resilience-building opportunities and resources for our children and young people.’","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"274 1","pages":"99 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77548929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221081350
E. Bouteyre, Onsua Halidi, Jean-Luc Despax
Adopted adults are presented in the literature as having a more insecure attachment than the general population. They are also less likely to want to have children of their own, which is significant in that studies have shown that attachment is an important determinant of the desire for parenthood. The aim of the present study was to link these two findings and seek a better understanding of the role of attachment in adoptees’ choice of childlessness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven nulliparous adopted women who did not wish to have children; during these interviews they also undertook the Bird’s Nest Drawing (BND) test. This allows access to participants’ parental representations in addition to measuring their attachment. Analysis of the drawings and associated stories suggested that insecure attachment (especially avoidant) is particularly decisive in the choice of childlessness. Their interview responses stressed adequate or inadequate mothering, self-sufficiency and threat to the family, which further indicated why the women chose not to have children. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed, particularly the value of the Bird’s Nest Drawing test for adults who have experienced early discontinuities in their lives.
{"title":"Childlessness among adopted women: A study of the role of attachment through Bird’s Nest Drawings","authors":"E. Bouteyre, Onsua Halidi, Jean-Luc Despax","doi":"10.1177/03085759221081350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221081350","url":null,"abstract":"Adopted adults are presented in the literature as having a more insecure attachment than the general population. They are also less likely to want to have children of their own, which is significant in that studies have shown that attachment is an important determinant of the desire for parenthood. The aim of the present study was to link these two findings and seek a better understanding of the role of attachment in adoptees’ choice of childlessness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven nulliparous adopted women who did not wish to have children; during these interviews they also undertook the Bird’s Nest Drawing (BND) test. This allows access to participants’ parental representations in addition to measuring their attachment. Analysis of the drawings and associated stories suggested that insecure attachment (especially avoidant) is particularly decisive in the choice of childlessness. Their interview responses stressed adequate or inadequate mothering, self-sufficiency and threat to the family, which further indicated why the women chose not to have children. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed, particularly the value of the Bird’s Nest Drawing test for adults who have experienced early discontinuities in their lives.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"79 11 1","pages":"41 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90929611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221080215
S. Jackson, Cora Figueira-Bates, K. Hollingworth
Many thousands of very young children pass through the UK care system every year. Understandably, social workers are reluctant to separate children from their parents, and legal protections designed to prevent the separation from becoming permanent lead to constant delay in making longer-term plans. The aim is that the children should either be returned to their birth families or placed for adoption, but this is not achieved in up to 50% of cases. Consequently, many infants and toddlers remain in foster care, intended to be temporary, for long periods. Yet we know little about their lives in care or who looks after them. Research on foster care and on early childhood education and care (ECEC) has developed on separate and unrelated lines, resulting in an extreme shortage of empirical evidence about the care and education of fostered children under school age. Lack of attention to this critical period of life fails to take account of advances in research both on early brain development and on the lasting effects of adverse childhood experiences. Meanwhile, young children continue to be moved between short-term foster placements for administrative reasons, ignoring the undisputed importance of stable early attachments. The potential of foster care as a learning and therapeutic resource in the early years has also been largely overlooked. Better mental health and educational attainment for children in out-of-home care require a much stronger policy focus on their earliest experiences and developmental progress. This article argues that there is an urgent need for research-based information to guide policy and practice.
{"title":"Invisible children: The out-of-home care and education of babies and toddlers","authors":"S. Jackson, Cora Figueira-Bates, K. Hollingworth","doi":"10.1177/03085759221080215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221080215","url":null,"abstract":"Many thousands of very young children pass through the UK care system every year. Understandably, social workers are reluctant to separate children from their parents, and legal protections designed to prevent the separation from becoming permanent lead to constant delay in making longer-term plans. The aim is that the children should either be returned to their birth families or placed for adoption, but this is not achieved in up to 50% of cases. Consequently, many infants and toddlers remain in foster care, intended to be temporary, for long periods. Yet we know little about their lives in care or who looks after them. Research on foster care and on early childhood education and care (ECEC) has developed on separate and unrelated lines, resulting in an extreme shortage of empirical evidence about the care and education of fostered children under school age. Lack of attention to this critical period of life fails to take account of advances in research both on early brain development and on the lasting effects of adverse childhood experiences. Meanwhile, young children continue to be moved between short-term foster placements for administrative reasons, ignoring the undisputed importance of stable early attachments. The potential of foster care as a learning and therapeutic resource in the early years has also been largely overlooked. Better mental health and educational attainment for children in out-of-home care require a much stronger policy focus on their earliest experiences and developmental progress. This article argues that there is an urgent need for research-based information to guide policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"2 1","pages":"8 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79519980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221086567a
Kerry O'Halloran
The court were satisfied that R and A were living as ‘partners in an enduring family relationship’ which allowed A to apply for a ‘step-parent adoption’ under section 51(2). The court considered that the courts have applied a ‘wide and flexible’ definition of home and that there was no definition of home in the Act. The Act does not require that the child be continuously in the care of the proposed adopter, nor that the adopter and child have to share the same residence. The court found that ‘home’ will never be seen merely in a physical or geographical context: ‘“Home” is a place where there is an emotional connection.’ In the context of an 18-year-old who regards A as his father and has an emotional bond with him, it could be found that YP’s home is with A despite not living in the same country. The court considered other issues relating to YP’s interest in remaining part of his paternal birth family and the effect of an adoption on A’s adult children, whom YP did not know, and decided that it was in YP’s best interests to make an adoption order.
{"title":"Northern Ireland","authors":"Kerry O'Halloran","doi":"10.1177/03085759221086567a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221086567a","url":null,"abstract":"The court were satisfied that R and A were living as ‘partners in an enduring family relationship’ which allowed A to apply for a ‘step-parent adoption’ under section 51(2). The court considered that the courts have applied a ‘wide and flexible’ definition of home and that there was no definition of home in the Act. The Act does not require that the child be continuously in the care of the proposed adopter, nor that the adopter and child have to share the same residence. The court found that ‘home’ will never be seen merely in a physical or geographical context: ‘“Home” is a place where there is an emotional connection.’ In the context of an 18-year-old who regards A as his father and has an emotional bond with him, it could be found that YP’s home is with A despite not living in the same country. The court considered other issues relating to YP’s interest in remaining part of his paternal birth family and the effect of an adoption on A’s adult children, whom YP did not know, and decided that it was in YP’s best interests to make an adoption order.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"9 1","pages":"90 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74734310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221080217
F. Van Holen, Lisa Van Hove, Ann Clé, Camille Verheyden, J. Vanderfaeillie
This article describes how 27 foster children aged 12 to 18 years old, placed in Flemish long-term family foster care, experience life in their foster family and how they cope with their feelings. Evidence from a combination of the children's selection of visual images displaying different emotions (emoticons) and semi-structured interviews shows that they mostly express positive feelings, such as happiness and pride, but simultaneously experience difficult emotions like sadness, anger and confusion. Positive feelings are mostly related to being able to feel like an ‘ordinary’ kid and negative ones to strained relationships with birth parents. Investigations into how the children cope with these emotions distinguished two groups: those who talk about their feelings with friends and other supportive figures and those who hide them. The latter group needs to be provided with strategies to better comprehend and express their feelings; among those suggested were activities that offer tranquility, consolation or distraction and having a private place for themselves. More attention to the emotional experiences of foster children and the ways they cope with their emotions is recommended in policy, practice and research if children's well-being is to be enhanced.
{"title":"The feelings and coping strategies of children placed in Flemish family foster care","authors":"F. Van Holen, Lisa Van Hove, Ann Clé, Camille Verheyden, J. Vanderfaeillie","doi":"10.1177/03085759221080217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221080217","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes how 27 foster children aged 12 to 18 years old, placed in Flemish long-term family foster care, experience life in their foster family and how they cope with their feelings. Evidence from a combination of the children's selection of visual images displaying different emotions (emoticons) and semi-structured interviews shows that they mostly express positive feelings, such as happiness and pride, but simultaneously experience difficult emotions like sadness, anger and confusion. Positive feelings are mostly related to being able to feel like an ‘ordinary’ kid and negative ones to strained relationships with birth parents. Investigations into how the children cope with these emotions distinguished two groups: those who talk about their feelings with friends and other supportive figures and those who hide them. The latter group needs to be provided with strategies to better comprehend and express their feelings; among those suggested were activities that offer tranquility, consolation or distraction and having a private place for themselves. More attention to the emotional experiences of foster children and the ways they cope with their emotions is recommended in policy, practice and research if children's well-being is to be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"76 1","pages":"24 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87656590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221080448
Providing an invaluable resource to the medico-legal community, Clinical Risk is a peer-revied online journal publishing papers examining patient safety and risk at both the organisational and the practitioner level. It publishes original articles, case reports and commentaries on all patient safety issues where there are implications for service provision, clinical and professional practice and management.
{"title":"Call for New Editor in Chief","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03085759221080448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221080448","url":null,"abstract":"Providing an invaluable resource to the medico-legal community, Clinical Risk is a peer-revied online journal publishing papers examining patient safety and risk at both the organisational and the practitioner level. It publishes original articles, case reports and commentaries on all patient safety issues where there are implications for service provision, clinical and professional practice and management.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"76 1","pages":"110 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/03085759221080216
A. Santona, Giacomo Tognasso, Cristiana Carella, Laura Gorla, Marina Raymondi, Marco Chistolini
One way in which intercountry adoptees can elaborate on their past history is through travelling to their country of birth. This article explores the memories and experiences recalled by a group of adoptees who visited their homeland after being adopted as children by Italian families. The sample comprised 34 participants aged between 12 and 40 years who visited their birth country between 2000 and 2013. In 2017–2018, they were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to obtain retrospective recall of their experiences and feelings on return to Italy, and how their ethnic identity and psychological well-being had been affected by the trip. The results revealed that the adoptees’ emotional experiences during the return visit significantly affected their feelings towards adoption itself and that it changed their sense of belonging both to Italy and the country where they were born. Most also perceived their return travel as a momentous occasion which increased their overall knowledge about their birth country and its culture. The results are significant for providing new information about how international adoptees incorporate their homeland culture into their lives.
{"title":"Psychological implications of the ‘Back to the Origins' journey for intercountry adoptees","authors":"A. Santona, Giacomo Tognasso, Cristiana Carella, Laura Gorla, Marina Raymondi, Marco Chistolini","doi":"10.1177/03085759221080216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759221080216","url":null,"abstract":"One way in which intercountry adoptees can elaborate on their past history is through travelling to their country of birth. This article explores the memories and experiences recalled by a group of adoptees who visited their homeland after being adopted as children by Italian families. The sample comprised 34 participants aged between 12 and 40 years who visited their birth country between 2000 and 2013. In 2017–2018, they were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to obtain retrospective recall of their experiences and feelings on return to Italy, and how their ethnic identity and psychological well-being had been affected by the trip. The results revealed that the adoptees’ emotional experiences during the return visit significantly affected their feelings towards adoption itself and that it changed their sense of belonging both to Italy and the country where they were born. Most also perceived their return travel as a momentous occasion which increased their overall knowledge about their birth country and its culture. The results are significant for providing new information about how international adoptees incorporate their homeland culture into their lives.","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"55 1","pages":"60 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81044320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1177/03085759211061892
R. Bullock
{"title":"Sir Michael Rutter: A tribute","authors":"R. Bullock","doi":"10.1177/03085759211061892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759211061892","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92743,"journal":{"name":"Adoption & fostering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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