Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000400005
L. Taghipour, M. Rahemi, P. Assar
This research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and hand thinning on fruit quality of 'Gerdi' apricot. In the first year, three weeks after full bloom (AFB) branches of mature trees were sprayed with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1, naphthalene acetamide (NAD) at 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1, ethephon at 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1, or urea at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. In next year, hand thinning was performed as a separate experiment and leaf to fruit ratio (LFR) was adjusted to 10:1, 20:1 or 30:1 at pit-hardening stage of fruit development. In both years, NAA at 40 mg L-1, NAD at 80 mg L-1 and all concentrations of ethephon significantly increased fruit drop. All concentrations of urea significantly increased fruit drop in 2006, but only the two lower concentrations were effective in 2007. NAA at 20 and 40 mg L-1, and NAD at 40 and 80 mg L-1 increased fruit weight in 2006, but only the highest concentration of NAD was effective in 2007, while urea was effective at all concentrations in both years. Ethephon effect on fruit weight was not significant at all. Hand thinning consistently increased fruit weight, but length and diameter were increased only at a leaf to fruit ratio of 30:1. Hand thinning also increased total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble solids to total acidity ratio (TSS/TA), pit weight and flesh to pit ratio.
{"title":"Thinning with NAA, NAD, ethephon, urea and by hand to improve fruit quality of 'Gerdi' apricot","authors":"L. Taghipour, M. Rahemi, P. Assar","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000400005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000400005","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and hand thinning on fruit quality of 'Gerdi' apricot. In the first year, three weeks after full bloom (AFB) branches of mature trees were sprayed with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1, naphthalene acetamide (NAD) at 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1, ethephon at 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1, or urea at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. In next year, hand thinning was performed as a separate experiment and leaf to fruit ratio (LFR) was adjusted to 10:1, 20:1 or 30:1 at pit-hardening stage of fruit development. In both years, NAA at 40 mg L-1, NAD at 80 mg L-1 and all concentrations of ethephon significantly increased fruit drop. All concentrations of urea significantly increased fruit drop in 2006, but only the two lower concentrations were effective in 2007. NAA at 20 and 40 mg L-1, and NAD at 40 and 80 mg L-1 increased fruit weight in 2006, but only the highest concentration of NAD was effective in 2007, while urea was effective at all concentrations in both years. Ethephon effect on fruit weight was not significant at all. Hand thinning consistently increased fruit weight, but length and diameter were increased only at a leaf to fruit ratio of 30:1. Hand thinning also increased total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble solids to total acidity ratio (TSS/TA), pit weight and flesh to pit ratio.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85374142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200004
Gabriela B Arcoverde, B. M. Rodrigues, M. Pompelli, M. Santos
Stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), relative water content (RWC), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf carbohydrate soluble (LCS), free amino acids (FAA) and total protein (TP) content were measured under mild and severe drought stress in young potted Jatropha curcas L. in the greenhouse. The plants were kept for 12 days under three different water regimes, control (well hydrated), 50% irrigation control (mild stress) and 25% (severe stress), after rehydration were measured on the second and fourth day. Both mild and severe stress decreased gs and E; however, only severe stress reduced LCS, FAA and TP content and increased SOD activity (70%) and MDA content (60%) compared with the control. Moreover, under these conditions the plants showed severe leaf senescence. These results show that only severe drought stress decrease foliar metabolism in potted plants. These results show that severe drought decreased metabolism and leaf RWC, in potted plants. However, 48 h under a moderate stress is enough to drive the stomatal control is the main barrier against water loss. Finally, in the fourth day after rehydration the plants under a moderate and severe drought even had a gs and E reduced in both evaluation periods.
{"title":"Water relations and some aspects of leaf metabolism of Jatropha curcas young plants under two water deficit levels and recovery","authors":"Gabriela B Arcoverde, B. M. Rodrigues, M. Pompelli, M. Santos","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200004","url":null,"abstract":"Stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), relative water content (RWC), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf carbohydrate soluble (LCS), free amino acids (FAA) and total protein (TP) content were measured under mild and severe drought stress in young potted Jatropha curcas L. in the greenhouse. The plants were kept for 12 days under three different water regimes, control (well hydrated), 50% irrigation control (mild stress) and 25% (severe stress), after rehydration were measured on the second and fourth day. Both mild and severe stress decreased gs and E; however, only severe stress reduced LCS, FAA and TP content and increased SOD activity (70%) and MDA content (60%) compared with the control. Moreover, under these conditions the plants showed severe leaf senescence. These results show that only severe drought stress decrease foliar metabolism in potted plants. These results show that severe drought decreased metabolism and leaf RWC, in potted plants. However, 48 h under a moderate stress is enough to drive the stomatal control is the main barrier against water loss. Finally, in the fourth day after rehydration the plants under a moderate and severe drought even had a gs and E reduced in both evaluation periods.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77773886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000400006
B. Sridhar, F. Han, S. Diehl, D. Monts, Yi Su
Structural and ultrastructural changes caused by bioaccumulation of As and Cr in brake fern (Pteris vittata), a known arsenic hyperaccumulator, were investigated. Potted plants of brake fern were exposed to metal treatments of As and Cr for three weeks. Leaf, stem and root samples were collected periodically and fixed for LM (Light Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) to evaluate anatomical changes. The fresh weights, dry weights, RWC (Relative Water Content) and plant heights were obtained before the brake fern plants were harvested for metal accumulation analysis. The As accumulated mainly in the shoots while Cr accumulated mainly in the roots of the metal-treated plants. Significant changes in the ferns physical characters, including fresh weight, dry weight, RWC, and plant height were observed for only Cr-treated plants but not for As-treated plants. Microscopic studies reveal the Cr accumulation resulted in dehydration and collapse of internal structure of leaves and cellular breakdown of roots. The As-treated plants showed no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots compared to control plants. Clotted depositions were observed in roots and stems of plant groups treated with highest concentration of Cr and As when compared to control (T0) group. Our study indicates that Cr has a profound impact on physiology and structure of fern plants. The accumulation of Cr resulted in decrease in growth rate, total biomass and RWC. We believe that brake fern plants can uptake, translocate and sequester As because it caused no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots of the plants.
{"title":"Effect of Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic and Chromium on Structural and Ultrastructural Changes of Brake Fern (Pteris vittata)","authors":"B. Sridhar, F. Han, S. Diehl, D. Monts, Yi Su","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000400006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000400006","url":null,"abstract":"Structural and ultrastructural changes caused by bioaccumulation of As and Cr in brake fern (Pteris vittata), a known arsenic hyperaccumulator, were investigated. Potted plants of brake fern were exposed to metal treatments of As and Cr for three weeks. Leaf, stem and root samples were collected periodically and fixed for LM (Light Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) to evaluate anatomical changes. The fresh weights, dry weights, RWC (Relative Water Content) and plant heights were obtained before the brake fern plants were harvested for metal accumulation analysis. The As accumulated mainly in the shoots while Cr accumulated mainly in the roots of the metal-treated plants. Significant changes in the ferns physical characters, including fresh weight, dry weight, RWC, and plant height were observed for only Cr-treated plants but not for As-treated plants. Microscopic studies reveal the Cr accumulation resulted in dehydration and collapse of internal structure of leaves and cellular breakdown of roots. The As-treated plants showed no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots compared to control plants. Clotted depositions were observed in roots and stems of plant groups treated with highest concentration of Cr and As when compared to control (T0) group. Our study indicates that Cr has a profound impact on physiology and structure of fern plants. The accumulation of Cr resulted in decrease in growth rate, total biomass and RWC. We believe that brake fern plants can uptake, translocate and sequester As because it caused no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots of the plants.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90814325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000400009
A. G. Ferreira, C. Fior, S. Gualtieri
Pinus elliottii is a fast-growing conifer well adapted to southern Brazil, used for wood fiber and resin production. Oleoresin production is part of the plant's defense systems and is induced by ethylene, which production is stimulated by hypoxic conditions. The experiment was designed with the goal of verifying whether one year-old plants had measurable oleoresin yield and if flooding led to increased oleoresin production. There was an increase of 78% in oleoresin production after 14 to 21 days of flooding and plants with larger stem diameters were more productive.
{"title":"Oleoresin yield of Pinus elliottii Engelm seedlings","authors":"A. G. Ferreira, C. Fior, S. Gualtieri","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000400009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000400009","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus elliottii is a fast-growing conifer well adapted to southern Brazil, used for wood fiber and resin production. Oleoresin production is part of the plant's defense systems and is induced by ethylene, which production is stimulated by hypoxic conditions. The experiment was designed with the goal of verifying whether one year-old plants had measurable oleoresin yield and if flooding led to increased oleoresin production. There was an increase of 78% in oleoresin production after 14 to 21 days of flooding and plants with larger stem diameters were more productive.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76454397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000100008
M. Ramos, E. S. Araújo, Raquel S. B. Oliveira, F. M. Teixeira, D. A. Pereira, M. G. Cavalheiro, D. P. Souza, Jefferson S. Oliveira, C. D. Freitas
Latex is an endogenous milky fluid synthesized and accumulated under pressure in a network of laticifer cells. In this study, latices from five plant species were examined for deterrent effect on oviposition of two Coleoptera (Bruchidae) pests. The latex from Euphorbia tirucalli, Calotropis procera and Plumeria rubrae exhibited deterrent activity on oviposition of both Callosobruchus maculatusand Zabrotis subfasciatus beetles. The latex from Cryptostegia grandiflora and Himathantus drasticus were less effective to C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus oviposition, respectively. Eggs laid on latex-treated seeds were not affected.The emergence and the mean time of development and weight of larvae grown in treated seeds were similar to the controls. The deterrent activity of C. procera and P. rubra was dose and time-dependent for Z. subfasciatus rather than to C. maculatus. The deterrent effect was completely eliminated if the whole latices were fractionated in protein fractions, rubber and small metabolites. Exposing insects to crude latices did not alter ovipostion on untreated seeds. These RESULTSsuggest that latices possess deterrent activity on insect oviposition mediated by a repellent effect, but that proteins and volatile substances are probably not involved. The repellent-like activity can be considered as a defensive role played by these fluids that relies on the combined action of their components.
{"title":"Latex fluids are endowed with insect repellent activity not specifically related to their proteins or volatile substances","authors":"M. Ramos, E. S. Araújo, Raquel S. B. Oliveira, F. M. Teixeira, D. A. Pereira, M. G. Cavalheiro, D. P. Souza, Jefferson S. Oliveira, C. D. Freitas","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000100008","url":null,"abstract":"Latex is an endogenous milky fluid synthesized and accumulated under pressure in a network of laticifer cells. In this study, latices from five plant species were examined for deterrent effect on oviposition of two Coleoptera (Bruchidae) pests. The latex from Euphorbia tirucalli, Calotropis procera and Plumeria rubrae exhibited deterrent activity on oviposition of both Callosobruchus maculatusand Zabrotis subfasciatus beetles. The latex from Cryptostegia grandiflora and Himathantus drasticus were less effective to C. maculatus and Z. subfasciatus oviposition, respectively. Eggs laid on latex-treated seeds were not affected.The emergence and the mean time of development and weight of larvae grown in treated seeds were similar to the controls. The deterrent activity of C. procera and P. rubra was dose and time-dependent for Z. subfasciatus rather than to C. maculatus. The deterrent effect was completely eliminated if the whole latices were fractionated in protein fractions, rubber and small metabolites. Exposing insects to crude latices did not alter ovipostion on untreated seeds. These RESULTSsuggest that latices possess deterrent activity on insect oviposition mediated by a repellent effect, but that proteins and volatile substances are probably not involved. The repellent-like activity can be considered as a defensive role played by these fluids that relies on the combined action of their components.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78328840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000400004
A. Verma, C. Malik, Vijay K. Gupta, Bhavneet Kaur Bajaj
In vitro effects of triacontanol (TRIA) on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars (M-13 and PBS24030). The in vitro impact of TRIA on multiplication potential was also evaluated, which was found to be best at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA in combination with 6- Benzyl adenine (BA, 3 mg L-1) in both the groundnut cultivars. Rhizogenesis was observed in almost all the TRIA treated cultures in both the cultivars. Moreover, shoots failed to set roots, in the presence of BA. Total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity were found to be increasing with increasing concentrations of TRIA, whether alone or in combination with BA, however, genotypic differences were observed in case of Hill reaction activity (HRA) in between the cultivars. Best catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity was reported at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in both the cultivars. Peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPX; 1.14.18.1) activity was maximum at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in M-13, whereas at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in PBS24030. Lipid peroxidation was found to be reduced with the supplementation of TRIA. The results obtained in the study clearly indicated not only the in vitro establishment of groundnut cultivars in the presence of TRIA but also its effect on various growth promontory physiological parameters.
研究了三康醇(triia)对花生M-13和PBS24030抗氧化酶及光合特性的体外影响。结果表明，TRIA与6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA, 3 mg L-1)在2.0 ml L-1浓度下对两个花生品种的增殖潜力影响最大。在两个品种中，几乎所有经TRIA处理的培养物都能生根。此外，在BA存在的情况下，芽不能生根。总叶绿素含量、总可溶性糖、总可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX);无论是单独处理还是与BA联合处理，随着TRIA浓度的增加，EC(1.11.1.11)活性均呈上升趋势，但Hill反应活性(HRA)在不同品种间存在基因型差异。最佳过氧化氢酶;在1.0 ml L-1 TRIA和BA (3 mg L-1)条件下，两个品种的EC(1.11.1.6)活性均较好。过氧化物酶(POX;EC 1.11.1.7)和多酚氧化酶(PPX;在M-13中，含BA (3 mg L-1)的TRIA在1.0 ml L-1时活性最高，而在PBS24030中，含BA (3 mg L-1)的TRIA在2.0 ml L-1时活性最高。发现补充TRIA可减少脂质过氧化。本研究结果不仅明确了TRIA对花生品种体外培养的影响，而且明确了TRIA对花生各种生长生理参数的影响。
{"title":"Effects of in vitro triacontanol on growth, antioxidant enzymes, and photosynthetic characteristics in Arachis hypogaea L.","authors":"A. Verma, C. Malik, Vijay K. Gupta, Bhavneet Kaur Bajaj","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000400004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000400004","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro effects of triacontanol (TRIA) on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars (M-13 and PBS24030). The in vitro impact of TRIA on multiplication potential was also evaluated, which was found to be best at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA in combination with 6- Benzyl adenine (BA, 3 mg L-1) in both the groundnut cultivars. Rhizogenesis was observed in almost all the TRIA treated cultures in both the cultivars. Moreover, shoots failed to set roots, in the presence of BA. Total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity were found to be increasing with increasing concentrations of TRIA, whether alone or in combination with BA, however, genotypic differences were observed in case of Hill reaction activity (HRA) in between the cultivars. Best catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity was reported at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in both the cultivars. Peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPX; 1.14.18.1) activity was maximum at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in M-13, whereas at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in PBS24030. Lipid peroxidation was found to be reduced with the supplementation of TRIA. The results obtained in the study clearly indicated not only the in vitro establishment of groundnut cultivars in the presence of TRIA but also its effect on various growth promontory physiological parameters.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88881882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000300008
A. V. Fernandes, M. Ramos, J. F. C. Gonçalves, P. Maranhão, L. R. Chevreuil, L. Souza
Seeds from fifty native Amazonian Fabaceae species (representing subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Faboideae) were screened for the presence of new lectins. Their crude protein extracts were assayed for hemagglutinating activity (HA). The protein fractions of Anadenanthera peregrina, Dimorphandra caudata, Ormosia lignivalvis and Swartzia laevicarpa exhibited HA, and this activity was inhibited by galactose or lactose but not by glucose or mannose. The crude extract of S. laevicarpa exhibited HA activity only after ion exchange chromatography, and its lectin was further purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose. Despite the large number of lectins that have been reported in leguminous plants, this is the first description of lectins in the genera Anadenanthera, Dimorphandra and Ormosia. The study of lectins from these genera and from Swartzia will contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of legume lectins in terms of their protein processing properties and structures.
{"title":"Seeds of Amazonian Fabaceae as a source of new lectins","authors":"A. V. Fernandes, M. Ramos, J. F. C. Gonçalves, P. Maranhão, L. R. Chevreuil, L. Souza","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000300008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000300008","url":null,"abstract":"Seeds from fifty native Amazonian Fabaceae species (representing subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Faboideae) were screened for the presence of new lectins. Their crude protein extracts were assayed for hemagglutinating activity (HA). The protein fractions of Anadenanthera peregrina, Dimorphandra caudata, Ormosia lignivalvis and Swartzia laevicarpa exhibited HA, and this activity was inhibited by galactose or lactose but not by glucose or mannose. The crude extract of S. laevicarpa exhibited HA activity only after ion exchange chromatography, and its lectin was further purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose. Despite the large number of lectins that have been reported in leguminous plants, this is the first description of lectins in the genera Anadenanthera, Dimorphandra and Ormosia. The study of lectins from these genera and from Swartzia will contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of legume lectins in terms of their protein processing properties and structures.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88046724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000100005
Faizan Ullah, A. Bano
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators viz., kinetin, chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and salicylic acid (SA) on achene yield and oil quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Thori pertaining to biodiesel production. The growth regulators were applied at 10-5M as foliar spray during flowering (140 days after sowing). Kinetin was highly effective in increasing achene yield, 100 achene weight and oil refractive index. Maximum achene oil content was found in CCC treatment. Kinetin and CCC significantly decreased oil acid value, free fatty acid content (% oleic acid) and specific gravity but increased oil pH. Kinetin was highly effective in increasing oleic acid (C18:1) but decreased the content of linoleic acid (C18:2). Oil extracted from achenes of CCC and Kinetin treated plants exhibited maximum (92%) conversion into methyl esters.
{"title":"Effect of plant growth regulators on oil yield and biodiesel production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)","authors":"Faizan Ullah, A. Bano","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000100005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators viz., kinetin, chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and salicylic acid (SA) on achene yield and oil quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Thori pertaining to biodiesel production. The growth regulators were applied at 10-5M as foliar spray during flowering (140 days after sowing). Kinetin was highly effective in increasing achene yield, 100 achene weight and oil refractive index. Maximum achene oil content was found in CCC treatment. Kinetin and CCC significantly decreased oil acid value, free fatty acid content (% oleic acid) and specific gravity but increased oil pH. Kinetin was highly effective in increasing oleic acid (C18:1) but decreased the content of linoleic acid (C18:2). Oil extracted from achenes of CCC and Kinetin treated plants exhibited maximum (92%) conversion into methyl esters.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75789360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200003
Caín Ballestrini, W. Tezara, A. Herrera
Vegetative as well as reproductive phenology of tropical trees frequently occur synchronously at the end of the dry season. It has been repeatedly observed on two individuals of the tropical species Ficus obtusifolia growing in Caracas that they lose their entire foliage in a period of 48 h during the dry season and renew it within the next 72 h. In order to gain knowledge on the mechanisms that govern leaf exchange in F. obtusifolia, we followed in these two individuals the seasonal changes in leaf and fruit phenology, water relations and environmental variables, and in another 25, phenology only. Although foliar exchange was always observed before the rainy season, it also occurred near the end of the rainy season. An increase in leaf turgor potential of mature leaves and a low sap flow velocity coincided with leaf fall. Foliar exchange in all 27 individuals, growing in locations with different elevation and, possibly, access to underground water, was bi-modal and occurred in a period of approximately one month around both equinoxes. The presence of fruits was also bi-modal, occurring after leaf renewal. The sequence of phenological events repeated itself in all the individuals studied, although with inter-annual and individual variations in date of foliar exchange. Leaf fall was independent of leaf water status and significantly correlated with, in decreasing order, day length, minimum air temperature, rainfall, maximum air temperature and total radiation. We conclude that in F. obtusifolia high nocturnal temperature, increasing daytime temperature and radiation, and low cloud cover apparently drove foliar exchange. Day length showed a strong correlation with leaf renewal possibly to due to the significant relationships between day length and environmental variables. Direct effects of day length alone were not evidenced, as foliar exchange took place during a long time-span around the equinoxes.
{"title":"Environmental drivers of leaf phenology in trees of the tropical species Ficus obtusifolia","authors":"Caín Ballestrini, W. Tezara, A. Herrera","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200003","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative as well as reproductive phenology of tropical trees frequently occur synchronously at the end of the dry season. It has been repeatedly observed on two individuals of the tropical species Ficus obtusifolia growing in Caracas that they lose their entire foliage in a period of 48 h during the dry season and renew it within the next 72 h. In order to gain knowledge on the mechanisms that govern leaf exchange in F. obtusifolia, we followed in these two individuals the seasonal changes in leaf and fruit phenology, water relations and environmental variables, and in another 25, phenology only. Although foliar exchange was always observed before the rainy season, it also occurred near the end of the rainy season. An increase in leaf turgor potential of mature leaves and a low sap flow velocity coincided with leaf fall. Foliar exchange in all 27 individuals, growing in locations with different elevation and, possibly, access to underground water, was bi-modal and occurred in a period of approximately one month around both equinoxes. The presence of fruits was also bi-modal, occurring after leaf renewal. The sequence of phenological events repeated itself in all the individuals studied, although with inter-annual and individual variations in date of foliar exchange. Leaf fall was independent of leaf water status and significantly correlated with, in decreasing order, day length, minimum air temperature, rainfall, maximum air temperature and total radiation. We conclude that in F. obtusifolia high nocturnal temperature, increasing daytime temperature and radiation, and low cloud cover apparently drove foliar exchange. Day length showed a strong correlation with leaf renewal possibly to due to the significant relationships between day length and environmental variables. Direct effects of day length alone were not evidenced, as foliar exchange took place during a long time-span around the equinoxes.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76332636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200008
E. Nafie, T. Hathout, Ali Mokadem
This study investigated whether a jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation strategy developed in a conventional cell suspension culture could evoke melon resistance mechanisms, including secondary metabolite production. Twenty one day cultured melon cell suspensions grown in MS1 medium were supplemented with JA at the concentrations of 0.5, 5.0 and 10 µmol. Melon cultures were sampled 24, 48 and 72 h post elicitation to evaluate different defense related factors such as antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate metabolism and phenolic compounds. Results suggest that melon cells respond to JA reprogramming the primary and secondary metabolism which will result in melon plantlets with enhanced resistance against diverse stress conditions through the production of specific bioactive molecules. Jasmonic acid elicited melon cells exhibited enhanced oxidative enzymes activities and ascorbic acid, coumarin and p-coumaric amounts were found without growth retardation. Induced intracellular JA functions as a signal transducer acting upstream to H2O2, which is a secondary messenger triggering jasmonic signaling cascades by activating certain late genes that regulate the activity of catalase, peroxidase and de novo synthesis of five isozymes, ascorbic peroxidase detoxifying enzymes concomitant with ascorbate compound. Secondary metabolite production in melon cells seems to be activated upon JA exposure suggesting that this cell culture could be used as a source for rapid and increased production of coumarin, p-coumaric, ascorbic acid and likely other specific phenylpropanoids. These data provide further evidences for a role of jasmonic acid in the intracellular signal cascade that results in the accumulation of secondary compounds and ultimately induced melon resistance. This approach could assist further in understanding the metabolic mechanisms operating in melon cells under stress, and thus how to control them.
{"title":"Jasmonic acid elicits oxidative defense and detoxification systems in Cucumis melo L. cells","authors":"E. Nafie, T. Hathout, Ali Mokadem","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200008","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether a jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation strategy developed in a conventional cell suspension culture could evoke melon resistance mechanisms, including secondary metabolite production. Twenty one day cultured melon cell suspensions grown in MS1 medium were supplemented with JA at the concentrations of 0.5, 5.0 and 10 µmol. Melon cultures were sampled 24, 48 and 72 h post elicitation to evaluate different defense related factors such as antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate metabolism and phenolic compounds. Results suggest that melon cells respond to JA reprogramming the primary and secondary metabolism which will result in melon plantlets with enhanced resistance against diverse stress conditions through the production of specific bioactive molecules. Jasmonic acid elicited melon cells exhibited enhanced oxidative enzymes activities and ascorbic acid, coumarin and p-coumaric amounts were found without growth retardation. Induced intracellular JA functions as a signal transducer acting upstream to H2O2, which is a secondary messenger triggering jasmonic signaling cascades by activating certain late genes that regulate the activity of catalase, peroxidase and de novo synthesis of five isozymes, ascorbic peroxidase detoxifying enzymes concomitant with ascorbate compound. Secondary metabolite production in melon cells seems to be activated upon JA exposure suggesting that this cell culture could be used as a source for rapid and increased production of coumarin, p-coumaric, ascorbic acid and likely other specific phenylpropanoids. These data provide further evidences for a role of jasmonic acid in the intracellular signal cascade that results in the accumulation of secondary compounds and ultimately induced melon resistance. This approach could assist further in understanding the metabolic mechanisms operating in melon cells under stress, and thus how to control them.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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