Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200001
T. S. Balbuena, L. L. C. Dias, M. Martins, Tatiana Barroso Chiquieri, C. Santa‑Catarina, E. Floh, V. Silveira
Genome sequencing of various organisms allow global analysis of gene expression, providing numerous clues on the biological function and involvement in the biological processes studied. Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology and biotechnology that has undergone considerable development in the post-genomic era. Despite the recent significant advancements in proteomics techniques, still there is much to be improved. Due to peculiarities to the plant kingdom, proteomics approaches require adaptations, so as to improve efficiency and accuracy of results in plants. Data generated by proteomics can substantially contribute to the understanding and monitoring of plant physiological events and development of biotechnological strategies. Especially for tropical species, challenges are even greater, in the light of the abundance of secondary metabolites, as well as of the lack of complete genome sequences. This review discusses current topics in proteomics concerning challenges and perspectives, with emphasis on the proteomics of tropical plant species.
{"title":"Challenges in proteome analyses of tropical plants","authors":"T. S. Balbuena, L. L. C. Dias, M. Martins, Tatiana Barroso Chiquieri, C. Santa‑Catarina, E. Floh, V. Silveira","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200001","url":null,"abstract":"Genome sequencing of various organisms allow global analysis of gene expression, providing numerous clues on the biological function and involvement in the biological processes studied. Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology and biotechnology that has undergone considerable development in the post-genomic era. Despite the recent significant advancements in proteomics techniques, still there is much to be improved. Due to peculiarities to the plant kingdom, proteomics approaches require adaptations, so as to improve efficiency and accuracy of results in plants. Data generated by proteomics can substantially contribute to the understanding and monitoring of plant physiological events and development of biotechnological strategies. Especially for tropical species, challenges are even greater, in the light of the abundance of secondary metabolites, as well as of the lack of complete genome sequences. This review discusses current topics in proteomics concerning challenges and perspectives, with emphasis on the proteomics of tropical plant species.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75173347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000300007
E. G. Martinazzo, A. T. Perboni, M. Farias, V. Bianchi, M. A. Bacarin
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flooding and water restriction (drought) on the photosynthetic activity in plants of the hybrid rootstock 'GxN-9' (Prunus dulcis Mill. × Prunus persica L. Bastsch), grown in a greenhouse. Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were analyzed in plants of approximately 12 months. The reduction of photosynthetic activity in both the stresses were associated with decreased carboxylation efficiency, but without affecting the internal concentration of carbon dioxide. The JIP-test parameters revealed changes in the energy flux processes demonstrating that in terms of flooding the rootstock GxN-9 the rate of photosynthetic performance significantly decreases, resulting in a considerable decrease in net assimilation rate. The JIP-test analysis was efficient in determining the thresholds mainly of the flood response, proving to be useful in exploration of the photosynthetic activity as a physiological marker of the stress tolerance.
本研究旨在评价水淹和限水(干旱)对杂交砧木‘GxN-9’植株光合活性的影响。× Prunus persica L. Bastsch)，生长在温室里。对植株生长约12个月的叶绿素荧光和气体交换进行了分析。两种胁迫下光合活性的降低与羧化效率的降低有关，但不影响内部二氧化碳浓度。jip测试参数揭示了能量通量过程的变化，表明在淹水条件下，GxN-9的光合性能速率显著降低，导致净同化速率显著降低。jip测试分析可以有效地确定洪水响应的阈值，证明了作为胁迫耐受性生理标志的光合活性的探索是有用的。
{"title":"Photosynthetic activity in the rootstock of hybrid peach trees submitted to water restriction and flooding","authors":"E. G. Martinazzo, A. T. Perboni, M. Farias, V. Bianchi, M. A. Bacarin","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000300007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000300007","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flooding and water restriction (drought) on the photosynthetic activity in plants of the hybrid rootstock 'GxN-9' (Prunus dulcis Mill. × Prunus persica L. Bastsch), grown in a greenhouse. Chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were analyzed in plants of approximately 12 months. The reduction of photosynthetic activity in both the stresses were associated with decreased carboxylation efficiency, but without affecting the internal concentration of carbon dioxide. The JIP-test parameters revealed changes in the energy flux processes demonstrating that in terms of flooding the rootstock GxN-9 the rate of photosynthetic performance significantly decreases, resulting in a considerable decrease in net assimilation rate. The JIP-test analysis was efficient in determining the thresholds mainly of the flood response, proving to be useful in exploration of the photosynthetic activity as a physiological marker of the stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75544780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200002
M. Cruz, A. F. Oliveira, D. L. D. Oliveira, J. V. Neto
This work focuses on the evaluation of flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application under field conditions with low temperatures during the winter. Two-years-old olive plant variety Grappolo 575, were submitted to light pruning, removing apical dominance, before treatments application. The treatments were organized in a 4×2 factorial scheme, respective to four PBZ concentrations tested: 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1 of PBZ and two plants groups, with and without pruning, in randomized block with four replications. Paclobutrazol concentrations tested did not affect the olive tree flowering. The plant vegetative growth was reduced until 60 days after paclobutrazol application. Pruning resulted in stimulation of emission of vegetative shoots and reduction of flowering.
{"title":"Flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application","authors":"M. Cruz, A. F. Oliveira, D. L. D. Oliveira, J. V. Neto","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200002","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the evaluation of flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application under field conditions with low temperatures during the winter. Two-years-old olive plant variety Grappolo 575, were submitted to light pruning, removing apical dominance, before treatments application. The treatments were organized in a 4×2 factorial scheme, respective to four PBZ concentrations tested: 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1 of PBZ and two plants groups, with and without pruning, in randomized block with four replications. Paclobutrazol concentrations tested did not affect the olive tree flowering. The plant vegetative growth was reduced until 60 days after paclobutrazol application. Pruning resulted in stimulation of emission of vegetative shoots and reduction of flowering.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"335 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76908097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000400007
F. Castro, E. Campostrini, A. T. Netto, L. H. Viana
The Portable Chlorophyll Meter (PCM) is used to estimate the total chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content of various species. Since there is a relationship between the chlorophyll concentration and the photochemical efficiency, a relationship can also be established between the PCM readings and some fluorescence variables to provide information on photosystem II (PSII) structure and activity. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants ['Sunrise Solo' (leaves with intense green coloring) and 'Golden' cultivars (leaves with yellow-green coloring) were grown in a greenhouse with 30% interception of photosynthetically active photon flux density. The plants were cultivated in 15L plastics pots. Ninety to 100 days after planting the older leaves turned yellow and the chlorophyll fluorescence variables and PCM readings were measured. At low PCM values (less than 30 to 'Sunrise Solo' and less than 20 to 'Golden') the PSII structure and activity were damaged, which is likely related to a reduction in the numbers of active reaction centers (RC/CS0). At higher PCM values the chlorophyll a fluorescence variables (ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/CS0 e ET0/CS0) that are related to PSII structure and activity PSII were not responsive. These results indicated that the effects of chlorophyll content measured by PCM on the photochemical phase of photosynthesis evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence occur after the degradation of chlorophyll molecules is initiated. In papaya the Portable Chlorophyll Meter (SPAD-502) was shown to be suitable for diagnosis of PSII energy distribution under N stress and senescence.
{"title":"Relationship between photochemical efficiency (JIP-Test Parameters) and portable chlorophyll meter readings in papaya plants","authors":"F. Castro, E. Campostrini, A. T. Netto, L. H. Viana","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000400007","url":null,"abstract":"The Portable Chlorophyll Meter (PCM) is used to estimate the total chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content of various species. Since there is a relationship between the chlorophyll concentration and the photochemical efficiency, a relationship can also be established between the PCM readings and some fluorescence variables to provide information on photosystem II (PSII) structure and activity. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants ['Sunrise Solo' (leaves with intense green coloring) and 'Golden' cultivars (leaves with yellow-green coloring) were grown in a greenhouse with 30% interception of photosynthetically active photon flux density. The plants were cultivated in 15L plastics pots. Ninety to 100 days after planting the older leaves turned yellow and the chlorophyll fluorescence variables and PCM readings were measured. At low PCM values (less than 30 to 'Sunrise Solo' and less than 20 to 'Golden') the PSII structure and activity were damaged, which is likely related to a reduction in the numbers of active reaction centers (RC/CS0). At higher PCM values the chlorophyll a fluorescence variables (ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/CS0 e ET0/CS0) that are related to PSII structure and activity PSII were not responsive. These results indicated that the effects of chlorophyll content measured by PCM on the photochemical phase of photosynthesis evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence occur after the degradation of chlorophyll molecules is initiated. In papaya the Portable Chlorophyll Meter (SPAD-502) was shown to be suitable for diagnosis of PSII energy distribution under N stress and senescence.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74939192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000200006
A. G. Calbo, M. D. Ferreira
Hydration indexes are practical variables for quantifying plant water stress and can be useful for agronomic purposes. Three adapted hydration indexes based on relative water content, volumetric hydration, and leaf turgor pressure were evaluated in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) leaf segments. Relative water content and volumetric hydration were measured in leaf segments after a water infiltration procedure with the aim of filling its large intercellular volumes (@18%v/v). The infiltration was done using a hydrostatic weighing procedure and with the aid of vacuum to fully hydrate the leaf segments. These two relative indexes were proportional to the transpiration-induced leaf water loss. The third index, turgor pressure, was measured with a Wiltmeter® instrument. Similarly, the turgor pressure was proportional to the leaf water loss, and it decreased from @310kPa in recently harvested leaves to zero in dehydrated leaves, after a total water loss of @23%. Turgor pressure was correlated with the other two hydration indexes using approximations of leaf volumetric elastic modules. Similar estimates were obtained because the decline between turgor pressure and the natural logarithm of these relative leaf hydration indexes was numerically similar (@900kPa). However, the volumetric hydration index seemed to be more suitable as a model, not only for being more concise but also because it showed a clearer biomechanical representation of the leaf water deficit effects.
水化指数是量化植物水分胁迫的实用变量，可用于农艺研究。以甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var. acephala)叶段为研究对象，对相对含水量、体积水化和叶膨压3个水化指标进行了评价。在水分渗透过程后，测量叶片的相对含水量和体积水化，目的是填充其大的细胞间体积(@18%v/v)。浸渍采用静水压称量方法，并借助真空使叶段充分水化。这两个相对指标与蒸腾引起的叶片水分损失成正比。第三个指标，肿胀压力，用Wiltmeter®仪器测量。同样，膨胀压力与叶片失水成正比，从最近收获的叶片的@310kPa下降到脱水叶片的零，总失水为@23%。利用叶片体积弹性模量的近似，将膨胀压力与其他两项水化指标进行了相关性分析。由于膨胀压力与这些相对叶片水化指数的自然对数之间的下降在数值上相似(@900kPa)，因此得到了类似的估计。然而，体积水化指数似乎更适合作为一个模型，不仅因为它更简洁，而且因为它更清楚地反映了叶片水分亏缺效应的生物力学特征。
{"title":"Evaluation of hydration indexes in kale leaves","authors":"A. G. Calbo, M. D. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000200006","url":null,"abstract":"Hydration indexes are practical variables for quantifying plant water stress and can be useful for agronomic purposes. Three adapted hydration indexes based on relative water content, volumetric hydration, and leaf turgor pressure were evaluated in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) leaf segments. Relative water content and volumetric hydration were measured in leaf segments after a water infiltration procedure with the aim of filling its large intercellular volumes (@18%v/v). The infiltration was done using a hydrostatic weighing procedure and with the aid of vacuum to fully hydrate the leaf segments. These two relative indexes were proportional to the transpiration-induced leaf water loss. The third index, turgor pressure, was measured with a Wiltmeter® instrument. Similarly, the turgor pressure was proportional to the leaf water loss, and it decreased from @310kPa in recently harvested leaves to zero in dehydrated leaves, after a total water loss of @23%. Turgor pressure was correlated with the other two hydration indexes using approximations of leaf volumetric elastic modules. Similar estimates were obtained because the decline between turgor pressure and the natural logarithm of these relative leaf hydration indexes was numerically similar (@900kPa). However, the volumetric hydration index seemed to be more suitable as a model, not only for being more concise but also because it showed a clearer biomechanical representation of the leaf water deficit effects.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83291631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202011000300002
Khalid Mohammed Naji, V. R. Devaraj
High temperature and salinity are the major ecological factors challenging crop productivity in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Effects of high temperature (43-45°C) and salt stress (0.6 M) on Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horse gram), were evaluated in terms of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Both treatments caused typical stress responses in this tropical leguminosae. Oxidative stress indicators such as H2O2, TBARS, and proline were significantly elevated. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) and acid phosphates (AP; EC 3.1.3.2) were significantly elevated while catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) was reduced. These treatments had contrasting effects on glutathione reductase (GR; EC1.6.4.2) and β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). While temperature stress caused increase in GR and decrease in β-amylase, salt stress caused a counter effect. Contrast was also observed in ascorbate and glutathione which increased in temperature stress and reduced in salt stress. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated entirely different protein profiles in temperature and salt stressed seedlings. Growth rate and fresh mass were affected to same extent, relative to their controls. Taken together these data describes the similarities and peculiarities of key biochemical responses of Horse gram to high temperatures and salinity.
{"title":"Antioxidant and other biochemical defense responses of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horse gram) induced by high temperature and salt stress","authors":"Khalid Mohammed Naji, V. R. Devaraj","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202011000300002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202011000300002","url":null,"abstract":"High temperature and salinity are the major ecological factors challenging crop productivity in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Effects of high temperature (43-45°C) and salt stress (0.6 M) on Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horse gram), were evaluated in terms of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Both treatments caused typical stress responses in this tropical leguminosae. Oxidative stress indicators such as H2O2, TBARS, and proline were significantly elevated. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) and acid phosphates (AP; EC 3.1.3.2) were significantly elevated while catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) was reduced. These treatments had contrasting effects on glutathione reductase (GR; EC1.6.4.2) and β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). While temperature stress caused increase in GR and decrease in β-amylase, salt stress caused a counter effect. Contrast was also observed in ascorbate and glutathione which increased in temperature stress and reduced in salt stress. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated entirely different protein profiles in temperature and salt stressed seedlings. Growth rate and fresh mass were affected to same extent, relative to their controls. Taken together these data describes the similarities and peculiarities of key biochemical responses of Horse gram to high temperatures and salinity.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202010000400007
A. Kumari, S. Sheokand, K. Swaraj
The present study investigates the effect of long and short term Cd stress in chickpea plants and evaluates the protective effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation using sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cadmium treatments were given before sowing (long term stress) and thirty days after germination (short term stress). Sodium nitroprusside was given as foliar spray 30 days after germination to both long and short term Cd treated plants. Cadmium adversely affected the membranes as was evident from increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Sodium nitroprusside treatments decreased ion leakage and lipid peroxidation levels significantly. Short term Cd stress resulted in a higher induction of the catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase as compared to long term Cd stress. Nitric oxide showed its positive effect by further increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Cadmium stress also altered the level of antioxidant metabolites by reducing the ascorbate redox ratio (ASC/DHA) and glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG). Sodium nitroprusside treatments increased the redox ratios. Cadmium also adversely affected the seed yield and a greater decline was observed with long term Cd stress as compared to short term Cd stress. Nitric oxide had a positive effect on seed yield and Cd accumulation. The study concludes that an exogenous supply of NO protects chickpea plants from Cd toxicity.
{"title":"Nitric oxide induced alleviation of toxic effects of short term and long term Cd stress on growth, oxidative metabolism and Cd accumulation in Chickpea","authors":"A. Kumari, S. Sheokand, K. Swaraj","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202010000400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202010000400007","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the effect of long and short term Cd stress in chickpea plants and evaluates the protective effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation using sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cadmium treatments were given before sowing (long term stress) and thirty days after germination (short term stress). Sodium nitroprusside was given as foliar spray 30 days after germination to both long and short term Cd treated plants. Cadmium adversely affected the membranes as was evident from increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Sodium nitroprusside treatments decreased ion leakage and lipid peroxidation levels significantly. Short term Cd stress resulted in a higher induction of the catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase as compared to long term Cd stress. Nitric oxide showed its positive effect by further increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Cadmium stress also altered the level of antioxidant metabolites by reducing the ascorbate redox ratio (ASC/DHA) and glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG). Sodium nitroprusside treatments increased the redox ratios. Cadmium also adversely affected the seed yield and a greater decline was observed with long term Cd stress as compared to short term Cd stress. Nitric oxide had a positive effect on seed yield and Cd accumulation. The study concludes that an exogenous supply of NO protects chickpea plants from Cd toxicity.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85694664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202010000400006
S. Choudhary, R. Bhardwaj, B. D. Gupta, P. Dutt, Rajinder K. Gupta, M. Kanwar, Pitamber Dutt
The present study determined the effects of copper and chromium metals on the endogenous titers of polyamines, auxins, abscisic acid and antioxidative enzyme activities in Raphanus sativus L. cv. Pusa chetki seedlings. Among polyamines, putrescine and spermidine contents were enhanced by Cu2+ metal to 62.44 and 402.8 µg g-1 f.w. respectively over control. Spermine which was not observed in control was recorded in highest concentration (1287.9 µg g-1 f.w.) in Cu2+ metal stressed seedlings. On the other hand Cr6+ metal treated seedlings showed reduced contents of putrescine (1.43 µg g-1 f.w.), cadaverine (0.09 µg g-1 f.w.), spermidine (277.99 µg g-1 f.w.) and spermine (2.29 µg g-1 f.w.) when compared to control and Cu2+ metal treated seedlings. Significant decline in free and bound IAA concentration were found under Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal stress when compared to control. Naphthalene acetic acid not recorded in control seedlings was detected in seedlings treated with Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal. Activities of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase were reduced significantly under Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal stress in comparison to control. Superoxide dismutase activity enhanced significantly under Cr6+ rather than Cu2+ metal treatment. In addition the phytotoxicity of Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal on seedling growth was also determined. The data suggest that Cr6+ is more phytotoxic than exposure to Cu2+ metal.
{"title":"Changes induced by Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal stress in polyamines, auxins, abscisic acid titers and antioxidative enzymes activities of radish seedlings","authors":"S. Choudhary, R. Bhardwaj, B. D. Gupta, P. Dutt, Rajinder K. Gupta, M. Kanwar, Pitamber Dutt","doi":"10.1590/S1677-04202010000400006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202010000400006","url":null,"abstract":"The present study determined the effects of copper and chromium metals on the endogenous titers of polyamines, auxins, abscisic acid and antioxidative enzyme activities in Raphanus sativus L. cv. Pusa chetki seedlings. Among polyamines, putrescine and spermidine contents were enhanced by Cu2+ metal to 62.44 and 402.8 µg g-1 f.w. respectively over control. Spermine which was not observed in control was recorded in highest concentration (1287.9 µg g-1 f.w.) in Cu2+ metal stressed seedlings. On the other hand Cr6+ metal treated seedlings showed reduced contents of putrescine (1.43 µg g-1 f.w.), cadaverine (0.09 µg g-1 f.w.), spermidine (277.99 µg g-1 f.w.) and spermine (2.29 µg g-1 f.w.) when compared to control and Cu2+ metal treated seedlings. Significant decline in free and bound IAA concentration were found under Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal stress when compared to control. Naphthalene acetic acid not recorded in control seedlings was detected in seedlings treated with Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal. Activities of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase were reduced significantly under Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal stress in comparison to control. Superoxide dismutase activity enhanced significantly under Cr6+ rather than Cu2+ metal treatment. In addition the phytotoxicity of Cu2+ and Cr6+ metal on seedling growth was also determined. The data suggest that Cr6+ is more phytotoxic than exposure to Cu2+ metal.","PeriodicalId":9278,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"33 1","pages":"263-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202010000300005
E. Bernini, Maria Amelia Bonfante da Silva, T.M.S do Carmo, G. Cuzzuol
A variacao espacial e temporal das concentracoes de nutrientes das folhas e do sedimento entre as raizes de Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. e Rhizophora mangle L. foi analisada no manguezal do estuario do Rio Sao Mateus, Espirito Santo, Brasil. No tecido foliar, os nutrientes seguiram a ordem: N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu, havendo diferenca significativa entre especies e sitios de estudo. Em geral, os teores de K foram mais elevados no periodo seco em relacao ao periodo chuvoso, para ambas as especies analisadas, enquanto que Ca e Cu exibiram maiores concentracoes no periodo chuvoso, para Laguncularia racemosa. No sedimento, os nutrientes seguiram a ordem: Mg > Ca > Fe > K > Mn > P > Zn > Cu, em geral, com menores concentracoes no sitio onde o sedimento foi mais arenoso. Registrou-se variacao significativa das concentracoes de nutrientes do sedimento entre os periodos analisados, mas o padrao sazonal nao foi claro para todos nutrientes. Concentracoes de nutrientes determinadas nas folhas de ambas as especies nao se correlacionaram com as concentracoes dos respectivos sedimentos. O fator de concentracao foi menor que 1,0 para Fe e entre 1,0 e 3,7 para Mn, Zn e Cu. Estes resultados fornecem evidencias fisiologicas sobre a relevância destas especies arboreas para o papel dos manguezais como barreira biogeoquimica ao trânsito de metais pesados.
总状藻根间叶片和沉积物养分浓度的时空变化。Gaertn。摘要对巴西圣埃斯皮里托圣马特奥斯河口红树林进行了分析。叶片组织营养物质按N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu顺序排列，物种和研究地点之间存在显著差异。总的来说，两种植物的钾含量在旱季高于雨季，而总状泻湖植物的钙和铜含量在雨季较高。沉积物中营养物质的排列顺序为:Mg > Ca > Fe > K > Mn > P > Zn > Cu，沉积物中沙质含量较低。在分析的不同时期，沉积物养分浓度存在显著差异，但并非所有养分的季节模式都很清楚。两种植物叶片中测定的营养浓度与沉积物浓度无关。铁的浓度因子小于1.0，锰、锌、铜的浓度因子在1.0 ~ 3.7之间。这些结果为这些树种与红树林作为重金属运输生物地球化学屏障的作用的相关性提供了生理学证据。
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Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202010000200002
S. Sheokand, V. Bhankar, V. Sawhney
Accumulation of salts in irrigated soils is one of the primary factors limiting yield in South Asia. We investigated whether exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation as sodium nitroprusside has any ameliorating effect against NaCl induced oxidative damage in chickpea leaves. NaCl treatment (250 mM) alone and in combination with two concentrations of SNP (0.2 and 1 mM) were given to 50 days old chickpea plants for 2, 4 and 6 days. Salt stress adversely affected the relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation levels, relative water content (RWC) and H2O2 content. The effect was time dependent. SNP treatments could ameliorate the toxic effect of short term salt stress of 2 days on relative membrane injury and partial amelioration was observed with 4 and 6 day stress treatment. A partial ameliorative effect of SNP was observed with lipid peroxidation levels, H2O2 content and RWC. Salt stress activated the antioxidant system by increasing the activities of SOD, POX, APX and DHAR. However no obvious change was observed in GR activity and CAT activity decreased under salt stress. Both the SNP treatments had a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, APX, GR and DHAR under salt stress. NaCl treatment resulted in a decline in the GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA ratio. SNP treatments increased the reduced form of both the metabolites thus elevating the ratio of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA. This study concludes that exogenous application of NO protects chickpea leaves from NaCl induced oxidative stress.
灌溉土壤中盐分的积累是限制南亚产量的主要因素之一。研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)作为硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside)的补充是否对鹰嘴豆叶片NaCl诱导的氧化损伤有改善作用。在50日龄鹰嘴豆植株上分别施用250 mM NaCl和0.2、1 mM SNP，处理2、4、6 d。盐胁迫对相对膜损伤、脂质过氧化水平、相对含水量(RWC)和H2O2含量均有不利影响。效果与时间有关。SNP处理可改善短期盐胁迫2 d对相对膜损伤的毒性作用，4 d和6 d的盐胁迫可部分改善相对膜损伤。脂质过氧化水平、H2O2含量和RWC对SNP有部分改善作用。盐胁迫通过提高SOD、POX、APX和DHAR活性激活抗氧化系统。盐胁迫下GR活性变化不明显，CAT活性下降。盐胁迫下，SNP处理对水稻抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、APX、GR和DHAR均有显著的正向影响。NaCl处理导致GSH/GSSG和ASC/DHA比值下降。SNP处理增加了这两种代谢物的还原形式，从而提高了GSH/GSSG和ASC/DHA的比例。本研究表明，外源施用NO可保护鹰嘴豆叶片免受NaCl诱导的氧化胁迫。
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