Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.5001
Robert Cousens, Jaden Dales
A 56-year old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), with known dental issues, presented with lethargy and inappetence. Clinical examination and a history of dental abnormalities and mild impaction colic led to a diagnosis of moderate to severe obstructive intestinal impaction colic. Treatment with oral meloxicam, DSS (Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate), mineral oil, epsom salt and electrolytes as well as rectal enemas were combined with rest and periods of exercise. Treatment resulted in successful passing of an enlarged fecal ball consisting of dried out long fiber feed material. A prevention plan was created for this elephant which has been successful in reducing frequency and severity of colic events for this patient.
{"title":"Management and Prevention of Impaction Colic in a 56-Year Old Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)","authors":"Robert Cousens, Jaden Dales","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.5001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.5001","url":null,"abstract":"A 56-year old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), with known dental issues, presented with lethargy and inappetence. Clinical examination and a history of dental abnormalities and mild impaction colic led to a diagnosis of moderate to severe obstructive intestinal impaction colic. Treatment with oral meloxicam, DSS (Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate), mineral oil, epsom salt and electrolytes as well as rectal enemas were combined with rest and periods of exercise. Treatment resulted in successful passing of an enlarged fecal ball consisting of dried out long fiber feed material. A prevention plan was created for this elephant which has been successful in reducing frequency and severity of colic events for this patient.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4870
K. Tayyab, Sumaira Aslam, T. Mumtaz, S. Kousar, Humaira Umer
The diversity and abundance of soil macrofauna under different plant covers can indicate the health and fertility of the soil because they are considered a rich source for improving the nutritive status of the soil through decomposition and scavenging of the organic material in the soil. The study was conducted to deal with the exploration of soil macrofauna for a period of six months extending from January through June 2022 in Faisalabad. Two locations of choice were selected where high- and low-input crop fields were present. One was from Ayub Research Institute, Faisalabad, high-input (HIP) crop fields (cultivated with intensive farming using pesticides and synthetic fertilizer), and the other from Gatti near Faisalabad, low-input (LIP) crop fields (cultivated with relatively low doses of synthetic fertilizers and mostly using organic manures) to study the diversity and abundance of soil macrofauna in wheat fields. A total of 81 specimens were picked up and identified as belonging to 12 orders, 23 families, and 41 species. Orders were Collembola (01 specimen), Diplura (01), Orthoptera (01), Dermaptera (02), Isoptera (04), Coleoptera (03), Diptera (05), Lepidoptera (03), Hymenoptera (30), Pulmonata (17), Oligochaeta (04) and Isopoda (11). Low-input crop fields showed 25 different species with 35 specimens, while high-input crop fields also showed 25 different species with 46 specimens. The Shannon-Weiner index indicated higher diversity in LIP crop fields (H= 3.04) than in HIP crop fields ( (H' = 2. while higher abundance was found in HIP crop fields. In conclusion, research on the variety and quantity of soil macrofauna in wheat fields with different fertilizer inputs is important from a socioeconomic standpoint because it has the potential to improve agricultural production, sustainability, and the general well-being of communities that depend on agriculture.
{"title":"Diversity and Abundance of Soil Macrofauna in Wheat Fields with Low and High Input of Fertilizers","authors":"K. Tayyab, Sumaira Aslam, T. Mumtaz, S. Kousar, Humaira Umer","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4870","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity and abundance of soil macrofauna under different plant covers can indicate the health and fertility of the soil because they are considered a rich source for improving the nutritive status of the soil through decomposition and scavenging of the organic material in the soil. The study was conducted to deal with the exploration of soil macrofauna for a period of six months extending from January through June 2022 in Faisalabad. Two locations of choice were selected where high- and low-input crop fields were present. One was from Ayub Research Institute, Faisalabad, high-input (HIP) crop fields (cultivated with intensive farming using pesticides and synthetic fertilizer), and the other from Gatti near Faisalabad, low-input (LIP) crop fields (cultivated with relatively low doses of synthetic fertilizers and mostly using organic manures) to study the diversity and abundance of soil macrofauna in wheat fields. A total of 81 specimens were picked up and identified as belonging to 12 orders, 23 families, and 41 species. Orders were Collembola (01 specimen), Diplura (01), Orthoptera (01), Dermaptera (02), Isoptera (04), Coleoptera (03), Diptera (05), Lepidoptera (03), Hymenoptera (30), Pulmonata (17), Oligochaeta (04) and Isopoda (11). Low-input crop fields showed 25 different species with 35 specimens, while high-input crop fields also showed 25 different species with 46 specimens. The Shannon-Weiner index indicated higher diversity in LIP crop fields (H= 3.04) than in HIP crop fields ( (H' = 2. while higher abundance was found in HIP crop fields. In conclusion, research on the variety and quantity of soil macrofauna in wheat fields with different fertilizer inputs is important from a socioeconomic standpoint because it has the potential to improve agricultural production, sustainability, and the general well-being of communities that depend on agriculture.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"44 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4934
J. Brereton
It is common for animal keepers to chop food up for their animals into small pieces, yet there is limited information as to why this practice is done. Anecdotally, many collections also prepare their zoo animal diets the day before feeding, and store them in the fridge overnight. The potential impact of these food preparation and storage methods on food nutritional quality is unknown. To address this, this study investigated the impact of preparing six types of produce into four sizes (0.5, 2, and 4 cm3 cubes, or whole) on the desiccation, browning and pH scores. Samples were stored either under ambient, room temperatures, or stored in a fridge and analysis was conducted over a 24-hour period. The most severe desiccation levels occurred in finely chopped feeds, for both ambient and fridge-stored samples. Time significantly affected the rate of desiccation and browning, and food chop size was a significant predictor of both browning and pH. These results suggest that serious nutritional changes occur in chopped feeds, especially when they are finely chopped and especially when food is stored for more than a couple of hours prior to feeding. Practitioners who care for animals should consider whether their animals benefit from finely chopped feeds, and should avoid the practice of storing chopped food overnight.
{"title":"Ready, steady, chop! Investigating the impact of chop size on zoo food nutritional quality","authors":"J. Brereton","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.007.01.4934","url":null,"abstract":"It is common for animal keepers to chop food up for their animals into small pieces, yet there is limited information as to why this practice is done. Anecdotally, many collections also prepare their zoo animal diets the day before feeding, and store them in the fridge overnight. The potential impact of these food preparation and storage methods on food nutritional quality is unknown. To address this, this study investigated the impact of preparing six types of produce into four sizes (0.5, 2, and 4 cm3 cubes, or whole) on the desiccation, browning and pH scores. Samples were stored either under ambient, room temperatures, or stored in a fridge and analysis was conducted over a 24-hour period. The most severe desiccation levels occurred in finely chopped feeds, for both ambient and fridge-stored samples. Time significantly affected the rate of desiccation and browning, and food chop size was a significant predictor of both browning and pH. These results suggest that serious nutritional changes occur in chopped feeds, especially when they are finely chopped and especially when food is stored for more than a couple of hours prior to feeding. Practitioners who care for animals should consider whether their animals benefit from finely chopped feeds, and should avoid the practice of storing chopped food overnight.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"118 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the production of vegetables and plants without soil. Microbial diversity in these culture systems includes bacteria, protists, fungi, and archaea. Among microbes, bacteria are a pivotal and crucial aspect of aquaponic, aquaculture, and hydroponic system, acts as the bridge connecting the waste of fish to the fertilizer for plants. Current research aims to compare the bacterial diversity in water samples of aquaculture, aquaponics, and hydroponic systems. For this purpose, water samples were taken from aquaculture, aquaponic, and hydroponic system. Aliquots of the samples were used for the isolation of bacterial species based on standard procedures. Colonies were purified after isolation by membrane filtration by twice subculturing using the method of streaking plate. Potential bacterial isolates were characterized and identified up to the specie level by following standard microbiological techniques. Different bacterial species were isolated from water samples during the study include Aeromonas spp., Bacillus spp., Nitrosomnas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Psuedomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Bacillus spp. present in all these systems. Nitrosomnas spp. and Psuedomonas spp., show similarity in an aquaponic and hydroponic system. Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp., shows similarity in aquaculture and hydroponic system. It is observed that the water was full of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria which exhibited potential impact on the cultured fish and plant species.
{"title":"Comparison of Bacterial Diversity in Water Samples of Aquaculture, Aquaponic and Hydroponic System","authors":"Ayesha Arif, Safina Kousar, Sumaira Aslam, Muaza Hafeez, Faiza Ambreen, Komal Tayyab, Sadia Andleeb","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.006.01.4519","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the production of vegetables and plants without soil. Microbial diversity in these culture systems includes bacteria, protists, fungi, and archaea. Among microbes, bacteria are a pivotal and crucial aspect of aquaponic, aquaculture, and hydroponic system, acts as the bridge connecting the waste of fish to the fertilizer for plants. Current research aims to compare the bacterial diversity in water samples of aquaculture, aquaponics, and hydroponic systems. For this purpose, water samples were taken from aquaculture, aquaponic, and hydroponic system. Aliquots of the samples were used for the isolation of bacterial species based on standard procedures. Colonies were purified after isolation by membrane filtration by twice subculturing using the method of streaking plate. Potential bacterial isolates were characterized and identified up to the specie level by following standard microbiological techniques. Different bacterial species were isolated from water samples during the study include Aeromonas spp., Bacillus spp., Nitrosomnas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Psuedomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Bacillus spp. present in all these systems. Nitrosomnas spp. and Psuedomonas spp., show similarity in an aquaponic and hydroponic system. Enterobacter spp., Streptomyces spp., shows similarity in aquaculture and hydroponic system. It is observed that the water was full of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria which exhibited potential impact on the cultured fish and plant species.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4512
S. Aslam, M. Mustafa, K. Tayyab, A. Abbas, Sheeba Batool
Great economic losses in fish aquaculture occur under the unhygienic conditions of the fishponds due to bacterial pathogens. Currently, Biofloc Technology (BFT) has proved successful in wastewater management as well as in controlling pathogenic loads. Since this technology has greatly supported marine fish, very scarce information is available for its successful implementation in freshwater fisheries. Furthermore, the pathogens specific to the carp cultures under the BFT system have not been studied yet. The unique attempt has been carried out in the Microbiology Lab of the Zoology Department of GC Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan to screen bacterial pathogens in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella culture based on BFT utilizing agro-industrial wastes as a carbon source. The study confirmed the presence of bacterial isolates belonging to three genera namely Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus in water samples from three treatment groups. Bacillus species dominated over the pathogenic species i.e., Klebsiella and Staphylococcus in all treatment groups and is speculated to inhibit the harmful effects of Klebsiella and Staphylococcus species on the carp fish. This study is very important for the future designing of BFT based culture for freshwater fishes.
{"title":"Screening of the Bacterial Pathogens in Biofloc Technology based Aquaculture of the Ctenopharyngodon idella","authors":"S. Aslam, M. Mustafa, K. Tayyab, A. Abbas, Sheeba Batool","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4512","url":null,"abstract":"Great economic losses in fish aquaculture occur under the unhygienic conditions of the fishponds due to bacterial pathogens. Currently, Biofloc Technology (BFT) has proved successful in wastewater management as well as in controlling pathogenic loads. Since this technology has greatly supported marine fish, very scarce information is available for its successful implementation in freshwater fisheries. Furthermore, the pathogens specific to the carp cultures under the BFT system have not been studied yet. The unique attempt has been carried out in the Microbiology Lab of the Zoology Department of GC Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan to screen bacterial pathogens in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella culture based on BFT utilizing agro-industrial wastes as a carbon source. The study confirmed the presence of bacterial isolates belonging to three genera namely Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus in water samples from three treatment groups. Bacillus species dominated over the pathogenic species i.e., Klebsiella and Staphylococcus in all treatment groups and is speculated to inhibit the harmful effects of Klebsiella and Staphylococcus species on the carp fish. This study is very important for the future designing of BFT based culture for freshwater fishes.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the current study was to assess the diversity of Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in the fields of rice, maize, and wheat under relevant factors. The area of these crops in the District Faisalabad was where specimens related to these orders were gathered. Faisalabad employees choose several ways of collecting, like hand picking, using a hand net, and forceps. From October 2013 to April 2014, the entire sampling was random. With the aid of taxonomic information, collected insects were identified based on their morphological traits and faunal diversity belonging to selected orders as the trustworthiness of these crops for these orders was documented. The highest variety (H′) was found in maize fields (7.3204), followed by rice (2.2707), and wheat fields (2.1758). In contrast, the highest diversity (H max) was almost equally distributed among the three crops. However, the highest levels of evenness (J) were found in the maize crop as compared to others. Wheat crop fields (0.1757), rice fields (0.0779), and maize fields (0.0779) showed the highest levels of dominance (D) (-2.0049). All crops had equal documented levels of wealth (R). The overall results between these crops were statistically significant (P = 0.05053; F = 3.0522) and t-Test analysis was also significant, but the P-value ratio was different.
{"title":"Assessing the Diversity and Relative Abundance of the Order Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in Rice, Maize, and Wheat Fields","authors":"Humaira Umar, F. Ambreen, Tamsela Mumtaz, Hamna Umer, Safina Kouser, Komal Umair","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4513","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current study was to assess the diversity of Odonata, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera in the fields of rice, maize, and wheat under relevant factors. The area of these crops in the District Faisalabad was where specimens related to these orders were gathered. Faisalabad employees choose several ways of collecting, like hand picking, using a hand net, and forceps. From October 2013 to April 2014, the entire sampling was random. With the aid of taxonomic information, collected insects were identified based on their morphological traits and faunal diversity belonging to selected orders as the trustworthiness of these crops for these orders was documented. The highest variety (H′) was found in maize fields (7.3204), followed by rice (2.2707), and wheat fields (2.1758). In contrast, the highest diversity (H max) was almost equally distributed among the three crops. However, the highest levels of evenness (J) were found in the maize crop as compared to others. Wheat crop fields (0.1757), rice fields (0.0779), and maize fields (0.0779) showed the highest levels of dominance (D) (-2.0049). All crops had equal documented levels of wealth (R). The overall results between these crops were statistically significant (P = 0.05053; F = 3.0522) and t-Test analysis was also significant, but the P-value ratio was different.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91004025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4442
Misbah Jan, Hafsa Farooq Chashoo, A. Amin, A. Abubakr
A study was carried out to assess the physicochemical profile of one of the sewage treatment plants in the Habak region of Srinagar city. The water samples from the inlet and outlet of the plant were analyzed for various limnological parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, orthophosphate etc. The average water temperature recorded at the outlet and inlet ranged between 16.56 to 18.03oC, free carbon dioxide between 50.06 to 78.03 mg/l, alkalinity between 328 to 389 mg/l, calcium hardness between 83.41 to 85.12 mg/l, magnesium hardness between 614.58 to 783.53 mg/l, orthophosphate between 503.56 to 650μg/l respectively. The dissolved oxygen content at the inlet was found to be zero during all times in the study while the average value at the outlet was found to be 5.2 mg/l. All the parameters were found to be non-significant except for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness.
{"title":"Assessing the Performance of a Sewage Treatment Plant in Habbak, Srinagar: A Physicochemical Analysis","authors":"Misbah Jan, Hafsa Farooq Chashoo, A. Amin, A. Abubakr","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4442","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to assess the physicochemical profile of one of the sewage treatment plants in the Habak region of Srinagar city. The water samples from the inlet and outlet of the plant were analyzed for various limnological parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, orthophosphate etc. The average water temperature recorded at the outlet and inlet ranged between 16.56 to 18.03oC, free carbon dioxide between 50.06 to 78.03 mg/l, alkalinity between 328 to 389 mg/l, calcium hardness between 83.41 to 85.12 mg/l, magnesium hardness between 614.58 to 783.53 mg/l, orthophosphate between 503.56 to 650μg/l respectively. The dissolved oxygen content at the inlet was found to be zero during all times in the study while the average value at the outlet was found to be 5.2 mg/l. All the parameters were found to be non-significant except for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75185124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4487
Muhammad Shahbaz Azhar, Muhammad Zubair Anjum, S. Akhter, M. Khan, Ahmad Ali, Misbah Farooq, S. Bibi
Major carp is a group of fish species commonly cultured in Indian Subcontinent. Fish is the major source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. With the robust increase in human population, the demand of food is also increasing. To overcome the food, demand many food sectors are working in line to cope with the protein requirements management of brood stock and successful breeding is also very important. Estimation of degree-hours for the spawning response, hatching of brood stock and their fertilization rate, hatching rate of fish eggs is one of the major aspects of hatchery management. Degree-hours is a standard unit that is used to measure the heat requirement for spawning and hatching while data is scarce for many species. The current study was designed to investigate the degree-hours to spawning and hatching for major carps i.e., Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) during May to August 2022 at Punjab Fish Seed Hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan. Two triplets (one male and two females) of each species were selected for induced breeding. Ovaprim was administrated at the rate of 0.5ml/kg for female and 0.2ml/kg for male to stimulate ovulation and spermitation respectively. Both species showed ovulation rate (100%). Spawning was occurred after 9.35±0.4299 hours in Rohu and in Mrigala 10.18±0.4393 hours at average water temperature of 26.3±0.575. Degree-hours to spawning in Rohu and Mrigala were calculated as 248.6±9.35 and 264.6±5.625 respectively. Higher fertilization rate (87.23±2.029%) and hatching rate (84.88±1.7747%) were observed in Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) as compared to Rohu (Labeo rohita) i.e. (85.75±1.856%) and (81.75±1.525%) respectively. Hatching activity proceeded rapidly in Rohu and completed in 741.025±14.532 degree-hours while, in Mrigala it occurred in 778.43±9.1972 degree-hours. This was a first documented report on effect of degree-hours on induced breeding of indigenous carps of Pakistan i.e., Rohu and Mrigala under controlled hatchery environment.
{"title":"Degree-hours to spawning response, fertilization rate and hatching of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala through induced breeding under hatchery environment.","authors":"Muhammad Shahbaz Azhar, Muhammad Zubair Anjum, S. Akhter, M. Khan, Ahmad Ali, Misbah Farooq, S. Bibi","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4487","url":null,"abstract":"Major carp is a group of fish species commonly cultured in Indian Subcontinent. Fish is the major source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. With the robust increase in human population, the demand of food is also increasing. To overcome the food, demand many food sectors are working in line to cope with the protein requirements management of brood stock and successful breeding is also very important. Estimation of degree-hours for the spawning response, hatching of brood stock and their fertilization rate, hatching rate of fish eggs is one of the major aspects of hatchery management. Degree-hours is a standard unit that is used to measure the heat requirement for spawning and hatching while data is scarce for many species. The current study was designed to investigate the degree-hours to spawning and hatching for major carps i.e., Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) during May to August 2022 at Punjab Fish Seed Hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan. Two triplets (one male and two females) of each species were selected for induced breeding. Ovaprim was administrated at the rate of 0.5ml/kg for female and 0.2ml/kg for male to stimulate ovulation and spermitation respectively. Both species showed ovulation rate (100%). Spawning was occurred after 9.35±0.4299 hours in Rohu and in Mrigala 10.18±0.4393 hours at average water temperature of 26.3±0.575. Degree-hours to spawning in Rohu and Mrigala were calculated as 248.6±9.35 and 264.6±5.625 respectively. Higher fertilization rate (87.23±2.029%) and hatching rate (84.88±1.7747%) were observed in Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) as compared to Rohu (Labeo rohita) i.e. (85.75±1.856%) and (81.75±1.525%) respectively. Hatching activity proceeded rapidly in Rohu and completed in 741.025±14.532 degree-hours while, in Mrigala it occurred in 778.43±9.1972 degree-hours. This was a first documented report on effect of degree-hours on induced breeding of indigenous carps of Pakistan i.e., Rohu and Mrigala under controlled hatchery environment.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73747876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4511
R. Minhas, H. Naz, S. Abdullah, K. Abbas, T. Ahmed, Nimra Zahid
Due to industrial advancement, a variety of toxic chemicals including metals are released into the aquatic environment which not only disturbs the physico-chemical properties of the water bodies but also influences the aquatic food chain to cause physiological and cytogenetic alternations in the aquatic animals. Metals have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that would cause the oxidative of nucleic acid. Micronucleus test has been commonly used for the estimation of biological impacts of water pollutants on genotoxic damage in fish. Therefore, the present research work was designed to check the genotoxic potential of cobalt for fish Cirrhinus mrigala by using a micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the various sub-lethal concentrations of cobalt metal such as 2/3rd, 1/3rd, 1/4th, and 1/5th of LC50 concentration for one month and sampling was done after 10 days intervals. Blood sample from the caudal vein of fish was collected to see the micronuclei and binucleated nuclei. Results showed that all test concentrations induced micronuclei and binucleated nuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala. Maximum nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala were observed in 2/3rd concentration followed by the orders: 1/3rd 1/4th 1/5th.Due to industrial advancement, a variety of toxic chemicals including metals are released into the aquatic environment which not only disturbs the physico-chemical properties of the water bodies but also influences the aquatic food chain to cause physiological and cytogenetic alternations in the aquatic animals. Metals have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that would cause the oxidative of nucleic acid. Micronucleus test has been commonly used for the estimation of biological impacts of water pollutants on genotoxic damage in fish. Therefore, the present research work was designed to check the genotoxic potential of cobalt for fish Cirrhinus mrigala by using a micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the various sub-lethal concentrations of cobalt metal such as 2/3rd, 1/3rd, 1/4th, and 1/5th of LC50 concentration for one month and sampling was done after 10 days intervals. Blood sample from the caudal vein of fish was collected to see the micronuclei and binucleated nuclei. Results showed that all test concentrations induced micronuclei and binucleated nuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala. Maximum nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala were observed in 2/3rd concentration followed by the orders: 1/3rd 1/4th 1/5th.
{"title":"Evaluation of Genotoxicity induced by Cobalt to Freshwater Fish, Cirrhina mrigala using Micronuclei Assay","authors":"R. Minhas, H. Naz, S. Abdullah, K. Abbas, T. Ahmed, Nimra Zahid","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.005.01.4511","url":null,"abstract":"Due to industrial advancement, a variety of toxic chemicals including metals are released into the aquatic environment which not only disturbs the physico-chemical properties of the water bodies but also influences the aquatic food chain to cause physiological and cytogenetic alternations in the aquatic animals. Metals have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that would cause the oxidative of nucleic acid. Micronucleus test has been commonly used for the estimation of biological impacts of water pollutants on genotoxic damage in fish. Therefore, the present research work was designed to check the genotoxic potential of cobalt for fish Cirrhinus mrigala by using a micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the various sub-lethal concentrations of cobalt metal such as 2/3rd, 1/3rd, 1/4th, and 1/5th of LC50 concentration for one month and sampling was done after 10 days intervals. Blood sample from the caudal vein of fish was collected to see the micronuclei and binucleated nuclei. Results showed that all test concentrations induced micronuclei and binucleated nuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala. Maximum nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala were observed in 2/3rd concentration followed by the orders: 1/3rd 1/4th 1/5th.Due to industrial advancement, a variety of toxic chemicals including metals are released into the aquatic environment which not only disturbs the physico-chemical properties of the water bodies but also influences the aquatic food chain to cause physiological and cytogenetic alternations in the aquatic animals. Metals have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that would cause the oxidative of nucleic acid. Micronucleus test has been commonly used for the estimation of biological impacts of water pollutants on genotoxic damage in fish. Therefore, the present research work was designed to check the genotoxic potential of cobalt for fish Cirrhinus mrigala by using a micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the various sub-lethal concentrations of cobalt metal such as 2/3rd, 1/3rd, 1/4th, and 1/5th of LC50 concentration for one month and sampling was done after 10 days intervals. Blood sample from the caudal vein of fish was collected to see the micronuclei and binucleated nuclei. Results showed that all test concentrations induced micronuclei and binucleated nuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala. Maximum nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of C. mrigala were observed in 2/3rd concentration followed by the orders: 1/3rd 1/4th 1/5th.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85781331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3542
K. S. Doble, Demi C. Booth
The sand cat (Felis margarita) is a specialist of arid desert habitat, with a wide but patchy distribution in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Central Asia and Pakistan. Due to its small size, perfect camouflage and its nocturnal habits; the sand cat is not an easy species to observe in the wild and little is known about their nocturnal behaviour. Diurnal time-activity budgets are commonly performed in captive animal collections, but little consideration is given to how animals behave outside of zoo opening hours. The assessment of nocturnal behaviour can provide more detailed information on how animals use the space provided to them and shed light on behaviour not commonly observed. This study examined the nocturnal behaviour and activity of 1.2 captive bred sand cat kittens during weaning period. Observations were conducted from July to August 2019 at Dubai Safari Park in United Arab Emirates. Nocturnal observations were recorded from 19:00 until 06:00 hours using a camera trap. A scan sampling data collection technique was used to find the percentage of time spent by each cat in each behaviour. A total of 15 behaviours were observed from 1,578 behaviour samples recorded. Observations show that the most active behaviours of the kittens were recorded as ‘Alert’ behaviour (28%), locomotion (25%), and socializing (16.5%). It was observed that the kittens were most active between 01:00 to 06:00 hours. It is recommended that further studies are needed with the use of Close Circuit Television (CCTV) Camera that can run 24-hours to account for any diurnal activity leading up to sunset prior to study timeframe that starts from 19:00 and ends to 06:00 hours, and to gather adequate information and to obtain more detailed results.
{"title":"Nocturnal Activity Budget of Captive Bred Sand Cat Kittens During Weaning Period","authors":"K. S. Doble, Demi C. Booth","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3542","url":null,"abstract":"The sand cat (Felis margarita) is a specialist of arid desert habitat, with a wide but patchy distribution in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Central Asia and Pakistan. Due to its small size, perfect camouflage and its nocturnal habits; the sand cat is not an easy species to observe in the wild and little is known about their nocturnal behaviour. Diurnal time-activity budgets are commonly performed in captive animal collections, but little consideration is given to how animals behave outside of zoo opening hours. The assessment of nocturnal behaviour can provide more detailed information on how animals use the space provided to them and shed light on behaviour not commonly observed. This study examined the nocturnal behaviour and activity of 1.2 captive bred sand cat kittens during weaning period. Observations were conducted from July to August 2019 at Dubai Safari Park in United Arab Emirates. Nocturnal observations were recorded from 19:00 until 06:00 hours using a camera trap. A scan sampling data collection technique was used to find the percentage of time spent by each cat in each behaviour. A total of 15 behaviours were observed from 1,578 behaviour samples recorded. Observations show that the most active behaviours of the kittens were recorded as ‘Alert’ behaviour (28%), locomotion (25%), and socializing (16.5%). It was observed that the kittens were most active between 01:00 to 06:00 hours. It is recommended that further studies are needed with the use of Close Circuit Television (CCTV) Camera that can run 24-hours to account for any diurnal activity leading up to sunset prior to study timeframe that starts from 19:00 and ends to 06:00 hours, and to gather adequate information and to obtain more detailed results.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87844932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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