Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3431
María A. Soto-Álvarez, M. D. L. Yáñez-López, Alejandra Martínez-Ambriz, Jonnathan Sánchez-Mora, Miguel A. Armella-Villalpando
Stress is an interesting combination of biological responses to adverse environmental factors. Stress responses can be adaptive as a way individuals respond to potential life threats or situations potentially reducing reproduction success. Normally, it produces a change in an individual’s priorities directing energy to solve immediate situations instead of long-term investments. In this work we report a two stress inducing situations for Mexican wolf packs at the old Wildlife Research Center (CIVS) of San Cayetano, México. In the first one, an attempt to provide artificial dens within the enclosure occurred just prior to the parturition date for the litter. The dam changed the described normal wolf-mother behavior giving birth in a small depression instead of a den and moving the puppies several times until they died, post-mortem analysis reveals that death of one pup was due to a pneumonia. In the second case accidental separation of one of the yearling females produced changes in behavioral patterns in the family pack, including increased exploratory, passing, watching, and smelling behaviors in comparison to the time when the entire pack was together. These two study cases document the behavioral responses to a stress situation.
{"title":"Behavioral Changes Related to Stress in a Mexican Gray Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Pack","authors":"María A. Soto-Álvarez, M. D. L. Yáñez-López, Alejandra Martínez-Ambriz, Jonnathan Sánchez-Mora, Miguel A. Armella-Villalpando","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3431","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is an interesting combination of biological responses to adverse environmental factors. Stress responses can be adaptive as a way individuals respond to potential life threats or situations potentially reducing reproduction success. Normally, it produces a change in an individual’s priorities directing energy to solve immediate situations instead of long-term investments. In this work we report a two stress inducing situations for Mexican wolf packs at the old Wildlife Research Center (CIVS) of San Cayetano, México. In the first one, an attempt to provide artificial dens within the enclosure occurred just prior to the parturition date for the litter. The dam changed the described normal wolf-mother behavior giving birth in a small depression instead of a den and moving the puppies several times until they died, post-mortem analysis reveals that death of one pup was due to a pneumonia. In the second case accidental separation of one of the yearling females produced changes in behavioral patterns in the family pack, including increased exploratory, passing, watching, and smelling behaviors in comparison to the time when the entire pack was together. These two study cases document the behavioral responses to a stress situation.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78946248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3611
E. E. Nkrumah, Nicholas C. Clerk
Zoo visitors interact with captive animals in diverse ways of which some may affect the behaviour of the animal positively or negatively. This study investigated the responses of captive ostriches to visitor group size and activity at the Accra Zoo. It also explored the enclosure usage of the birds. To test the hypothesis that visitor group size and activity have no effects on the behaviour of the ostriches, instantaneous scan sampling method was employed to study the birds’ behaviour. A Generalized Linear Model indicated that visitor group size has no effect on the locomotory, inactivity and threat-induced behaviours. Visitor activity however influenced threat-induced behaviour. A Chi-square test showed a uniform usage of all parts of the enclosure in the presence visitors. The study shows that visitor group activity solicits aggressive behaviours from the birds. It is recommended that, zoo visitors visit the enclosure and observe the birds in silence, avoiding verbal and non-verbal communications to prevent the exhibition of aggressive behaviour that ultimately stresses the birds out.
{"title":"The Response of Captive Ostrich (Struthio camelus) to Visitor Group Size and Activity at the Accra Zoological Garden in Ghana","authors":"E. E. Nkrumah, Nicholas C. Clerk","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.3611","url":null,"abstract":"Zoo visitors interact with captive animals in diverse ways of which some may affect the behaviour of the animal positively or negatively. This study investigated the responses of captive ostriches to visitor group size and activity at the Accra Zoo. It also explored the enclosure usage of the birds. To test the hypothesis that visitor group size and activity have no effects on the behaviour of the ostriches, instantaneous scan sampling method was employed to study the birds’ behaviour. A Generalized Linear Model indicated that visitor group size has no effect on the locomotory, inactivity and threat-induced behaviours. Visitor activity however influenced threat-induced behaviour. A Chi-square test showed a uniform usage of all parts of the enclosure in the presence visitors. The study shows that visitor group activity solicits aggressive behaviours from the birds. It is recommended that, zoo visitors visit the enclosure and observe the birds in silence, avoiding verbal and non-verbal communications to prevent the exhibition of aggressive behaviour that ultimately stresses the birds out.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80928045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4124
Sidra Rafi, S. Aziz, S. Abdullah, M. Sagheer
Infestation by different insect pests of stored cereals and the storage of their products is a serious problem. Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is one of the most common, devastating insect pests of stored grains. It causes both nutritional and economical losses to stored cereals. Six different concentrations of three protectants (neem leaf extract, inert dust, and entomopathogenic fungus) were used for the bioassay in the present study. For neem leaf extract dose rates were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% 30% and leaves were collected from University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. For DE formulation (Conern®) doses rates were 200ppm, 400ppm, 600ppm, 800ppm, 1000ppm 1200 ppm/kg and 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g, 5g 6g/ kg of wheat grains doses of Beauveria bassiana (Racer Bb) (1 g of Racer containing 108 conidia) imported from Agri Life, Medak District. Hyderabad, India was used. 30 larvae were used in each bioassay. Different doses of insecticides showed remarkable toxicity and significantly higher mortality rates in Khapra beetle. The toxic effect was found to be dependent on dose and duration. Summarizing, these insecticides could have likely practical utilizations in the protection of stored grain products against the attack by Trogoderma granarium.
{"title":"Insecticidal Effects of Neem Leaf Extract, Inert Dust, and Entomopathogenic Fungi on Control of Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium); A Stored Grain Pest","authors":"Sidra Rafi, S. Aziz, S. Abdullah, M. Sagheer","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4124","url":null,"abstract":"Infestation by different insect pests of stored cereals and the storage of their products is a serious problem. Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is one of the most common, devastating insect pests of stored grains. It causes both nutritional and economical losses to stored cereals. Six different concentrations of three protectants (neem leaf extract, inert dust, and entomopathogenic fungus) were used for the bioassay in the present study. For neem leaf extract dose rates were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% 30% and leaves were collected from University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. For DE formulation (Conern®) doses rates were 200ppm, 400ppm, 600ppm, 800ppm, 1000ppm 1200 ppm/kg and 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g, 5g 6g/ kg of wheat grains doses of Beauveria bassiana (Racer Bb) (1 g of Racer containing 108 conidia) imported from Agri Life, Medak District. Hyderabad, India was used. 30 larvae were used in each bioassay. Different doses of insecticides showed remarkable toxicity and significantly higher mortality rates in Khapra beetle. The toxic effect was found to be dependent on dose and duration. Summarizing, these insecticides could have likely practical utilizations in the protection of stored grain products against the attack by Trogoderma granarium.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83749234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4171
Asif Sanaullah, S. Aziz, J. Aslam, Hafsa Tayyab, Rabbia Zubair
This study was conducted to assess the effects of the water-borne Fe+Zn mixture on the catalase activity in the different organs of Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. 90-day old fingerlings of both fish species were exposed to 1/2nd and 1/5th of their respective 96-hrs LC50 concentrations of Fe+Zn mixture, separately, at constant temperature (280C), pH (7.5), and total hardness (225mgL-1). Fish sampling from each treatment was done after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of Fe+Zn mixture exposure and their organs viz. liver, kidney, gills, and muscles extracted for catalase enzyme assay. The maximum catalase activity in Cirrhina mrigala was observed at 1̸ 5th of Fe+Zn mixture LC50 exposure as 996.87±102.23UmL-1, while in Labeo rohita it was 1013.43±103.50 UmL-1 at 1̸ 2nd of LC50 concentration. A significant increase in the catalase activity was recorded at 7th day of exposure as 1083.66±7.29 and 1091.08±22.15 UmL-1 in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita, respectively while it was significantly lower at 28th day of Fe+Zn mixture exposure. Among the organs, the catalase activity varied significantly as liver kidney muscles gills in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. Significantly higher catalase activity was recorded in Labeo rohita as compared to Cirrhina mrigala.
本试验研究了水载铁锌混合液对黄花cirrina mrigala和Labeo rohita不同器官过氧化氢酶活性的影响。在恒温(280℃)、pH(7.5)和总硬度(225mg -1)条件下，将90日龄的两种鱼种分别暴露于各自96小时LC50浓度的1/2和1/5的Fe+Zn混合物中。分别在Fe+Zn混合物暴露7、14、21和28天后对每个处理的鱼进行取样，并提取其肝脏、肾脏、鳃和肌肉进行过氧化氢酶测定。在Fe+Zn混合物LC50浓度为1∶5时，天麻过氧化氢酶活性最高，为996.87±102.23 μ l -1;在1∶2时，天麻过氧化氢酶活性最高，为1013.43±103.50 μ l -1。铁锌混合处理第28天过氧化氢酶活性显著降低，铁锌混合处理第7天过氧化氢酶活性显著升高，分别为1083.66±7.29 μ l和1091.08±22.15 μ l -1。在各器官中，过氧化氢酶活性差异显著的器官有肝、肾、肌、鳃。与cirrina mrigala相比，Labeo rohita过氧化氢酶活性显著高于cirrina mrigala。
{"title":"Toxicological Effect of Water-Borne Fe+Zn Mixture on Catalase Activity of Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita","authors":"Asif Sanaullah, S. Aziz, J. Aslam, Hafsa Tayyab, Rabbia Zubair","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.004.01.4171","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the effects of the water-borne Fe+Zn mixture on the catalase activity in the different organs of Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. 90-day old fingerlings of both fish species were exposed to 1/2nd and 1/5th of their respective 96-hrs LC50 concentrations of Fe+Zn mixture, separately, at constant temperature (280C), pH (7.5), and total hardness (225mgL-1). Fish sampling from each treatment was done after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of Fe+Zn mixture exposure and their organs viz. liver, kidney, gills, and muscles extracted for catalase enzyme assay. The maximum catalase activity in Cirrhina mrigala was observed at 1̸ 5th of Fe+Zn mixture LC50 exposure as 996.87±102.23UmL-1, while in Labeo rohita it was 1013.43±103.50 UmL-1 at 1̸ 2nd of LC50 concentration. A significant increase in the catalase activity was recorded at 7th day of exposure as 1083.66±7.29 and 1091.08±22.15 UmL-1 in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita, respectively while it was significantly lower at 28th day of Fe+Zn mixture exposure. Among the organs, the catalase activity varied significantly as liver kidney muscles gills in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. Significantly higher catalase activity was recorded in Labeo rohita as compared to Cirrhina mrigala.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90494978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-10DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.003.01.2672
A. L. Jansen, K. Thodberg
Surplus animals in zoos and wildlife parks are handled differently across Europe. Some zoos use the “Breed and Cull”-method where animals are allowed to reproduce, and surplus animals culled when the mature. Other zoos sterilize the animals or inject them with contraceptive rods to prevent reproduction. Naturally secreted hormones affect both behaviour and morphology, but the effect of the injected hormones has not been studied in lions. The aim of this observational study was to compare the behaviour in captive groups of female lions, that had either been injected with contraceptive rods or not. The study was made in eight different zoos in Denmark, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. We found no significant differences in the behaviour of the two groups (with and without rods), indicating that there was no effect of contraceptive rods. However, the small sample size, and unbalanced factors such as pride composition, age and weather could have blurred our results. In order to address the challenge of surplus animals, we suggest, future studies with a more optimal experimental design and larger sample sizes and the inclusion of physiological measurement in addition to quantitative behavioural recordings.
{"title":"Do Contraceptive Rods Affect the Behaviour of African Lions (Panthera leo) in Captivity?","authors":"A. L. Jansen, K. Thodberg","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.003.01.2672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.003.01.2672","url":null,"abstract":"Surplus animals in zoos and wildlife parks are handled differently across Europe. Some zoos use the “Breed and Cull”-method where animals are allowed to reproduce, and surplus animals culled when the mature. Other zoos sterilize the animals or inject them with contraceptive rods to prevent reproduction. Naturally secreted hormones affect both behaviour and morphology, but the effect of the injected hormones has not been studied in lions. The aim of this observational study was to compare the behaviour in captive groups of female lions, that had either been injected with contraceptive rods or not. The study was made in eight different zoos in Denmark, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. We found no significant differences in the behaviour of the two groups (with and without rods), indicating that there was no effect of contraceptive rods. However, the small sample size, and unbalanced factors such as pride composition, age and weather could have blurred our results. In order to address the challenge of surplus animals, we suggest, future studies with a more optimal experimental design and larger sample sizes and the inclusion of physiological measurement in addition to quantitative behavioural recordings.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88620575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-22DOI: 10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2608
D. Bergfelt, J. Blum, Jill R. Ratner, M. Ratto, J. O'Brien, T. Robeck
In the seminal plasma of terrestrial mammalian species known as induced (e.g., camels) and spontaneous (e.g., cattle) ovulators, an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) with a protein structure similar to beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) has been identified. Detection of an OIF/NGF in the seminal plasma of cetaceans would have both basic and applied implications in reproductive biology and conservation management programs. A preliminary evaluation was conducted to characterize the distribution and abundance of seminal plasma proteins in aquarium-based belugas and a Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphin. Initially, SDS-PAGE was used with 50 μg of total protein for separation; thereafter, Western immunoblot was used with anti-NGF. In addition to odontocete seminal plasma, a purified fraction of llama seminal plasma (100 ng protein) and an extract of mouse brain (20 μg total protein) were included as positive controls for NGF. Within the two belugas, visual inspection of the protein bands indicated similar distribution and intensity. However, among the belugas and Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphins there was more diversity than similarity in the distribution and abundance of seminal plasma proteins. While immunoreactivity of NGF was distinctly evident in the llama and mouse positive controls, there was no visual reactivity in any of the odontocete samples. These preliminary results provide novel information indicating more homogeneity within and heterogeneity among seminal plasma proteins of ondentocetes. Although NGF was not immunologically detected, future studies are required to address the apparent limitations of immuno-detection of NGF, especially if the post-translational form of β-NGF is in low abundance in the seminal plasma of belugas and Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphins.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS AND IMMUNOREACTIVITY OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AS INDICATIVE OF AN OVULATION INDUCING FACTOR IN ODONTOCETES.","authors":"D. Bergfelt, J. Blum, Jill R. Ratner, M. Ratto, J. O'Brien, T. Robeck","doi":"10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2608","url":null,"abstract":"In the seminal plasma of terrestrial mammalian species known as induced (e.g., camels) and spontaneous (e.g., cattle) ovulators, an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) with a protein structure similar to beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) has been identified. Detection of an OIF/NGF in the seminal plasma of cetaceans would have both basic and applied implications in reproductive biology and conservation management programs. A preliminary evaluation was conducted to characterize the distribution and abundance of seminal plasma proteins in aquarium-based belugas and a Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphin. Initially, SDS-PAGE was used with 50 μg of total protein for separation; thereafter, Western immunoblot was used with anti-NGF. In addition to odontocete seminal plasma, a purified fraction of llama seminal plasma (100 ng protein) and an extract of mouse brain (20 μg total protein) were included as positive controls for NGF. Within the two belugas, visual inspection of the protein bands indicated similar distribution and intensity. However, among the belugas and Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphins there was more diversity than similarity in the distribution and abundance of seminal plasma proteins. While immunoreactivity of NGF was distinctly evident in the llama and mouse positive controls, there was no visual reactivity in any of the odontocete samples. These preliminary results provide novel information indicating more homogeneity within and heterogeneity among seminal plasma proteins of ondentocetes. Although NGF was not immunologically detected, future studies are required to address the apparent limitations of immuno-detection of NGF, especially if the post-translational form of β-NGF is in low abundance in the seminal plasma of belugas and Pacific white-sided and bottlenose dolphins.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"53 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74612970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-22DOI: 10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2336
J. Schultz, J. Young
Environmental enrichment improves well-being of captive animals using a variety of tools, including adding complexity to the physical environment. Designing enrichment structures requires an understanding of behavioral and biological responses to enrichment efforts. Captive coyotes (Canis latrans) utilize shelter structures to hide, rest, and display vigilant behavior. Because these simple structures are regularly used, new and more complex enrichment structures could enhance enclosure enrichment. This study examined the time captive coyotes spent at discrete, complex enclosure features to determine: (1) how coyotes utilize enclosure space and shelter structures; and (2) if coyotes have a preferred enrichment structure design. Three enrichment structure designs (ramp, closed, and neutral) were installed simultaneously in 0.6-ha enclosures during two breeding seasons (January – March). Additional coyote pairs were monitored in control enclosures with simple structures. GPS-collars and scan sampling were used throughout a 28-day testing period to record space use and behavior. Coyotes spent most of their time at perimeter and open areas, but also exhibited a preference for shelter structures. Coyotes utilized the complex enrichment structures in treatment enclosures more than simple structures in control enclosures. Although there was no statistical preference for one specific type of complex structure, composite evidence from GPS-collars and behavioral data suggested that coyotes were most frequently located at ramp structures. Coyotes utilized ramp structures more during the daytime and demonstrated higher rates of vigilance there. This study advances the knowledge of captive coyote spatial patterns while helping improve environmental enrichment planning for captive facilities through the exploration of adding complexity to animal enclosures.
{"title":"Enclosure Utilization and Enrichment Structure Preferences of Captive Coyotes","authors":"J. Schultz, J. Young","doi":"10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ZOOBIOL.002.01.2336","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental enrichment improves well-being of captive animals using a variety of tools, including adding complexity to the physical environment. Designing enrichment structures requires an understanding of behavioral and biological responses to enrichment efforts. Captive coyotes (Canis latrans) utilize shelter structures to hide, rest, and display vigilant behavior. Because these simple structures are regularly used, new and more complex enrichment structures could enhance enclosure enrichment. This study examined the time captive coyotes spent at discrete, complex enclosure features to determine: (1) how coyotes utilize enclosure space and shelter structures; and (2) if coyotes have a preferred enrichment structure design. Three enrichment structure designs (ramp, closed, and neutral) were installed simultaneously in 0.6-ha enclosures during two breeding seasons (January – March). Additional coyote pairs were monitored in control enclosures with simple structures. GPS-collars and scan sampling were used throughout a 28-day testing period to record space use and behavior. Coyotes spent most of their time at perimeter and open areas, but also exhibited a preference for shelter structures. Coyotes utilized the complex enrichment structures in treatment enclosures more than simple structures in control enclosures. Although there was no statistical preference for one specific type of complex structure, composite evidence from GPS-collars and behavioral data suggested that coyotes were most frequently located at ramp structures. Coyotes utilized ramp structures more during the daytime and demonstrated higher rates of vigilance there. This study advances the knowledge of captive coyote spatial patterns while helping improve environmental enrichment planning for captive facilities through the exploration of adding complexity to animal enclosures.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90110426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.33687/zoobiol.001.01.1004
E. Ahmady
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, which is produced by different species of bacilli of the genus Mycobacterium. It has been characterized by the presence in different species of animals, including very important, its impact on the man who, in the same time he has chronic and has been affected in different organs or systems of species. The lesion has classically described the formation of tuber in different sizes; in general, the most affected organ is the respiratory apparatus and particularly the lungs. The existence of the disease is global and its impact on social and economic life is extremely important. Tuberculosis has taken its toll on most of the animals and humans.
{"title":"Some Aspects about the Bovine Tuberculosis","authors":"E. Ahmady","doi":"10.33687/zoobiol.001.01.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.001.01.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, which is produced by different species of bacilli of the genus Mycobacterium. It has been characterized by the presence in different species of animals, including very important, its impact on the man who, in the same time he has chronic and has been affected in different organs or systems of species. The lesion has classically described the formation of tuber in different sizes; in general, the most affected organ is the respiratory apparatus and particularly the lungs. The existence of the disease is global and its impact on social and economic life is extremely important. Tuberculosis has taken its toll on most of the animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":92816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of zoo biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.33687/ZOOBIOL.001.01.0740
V. Adetunji, J. Ogunsola
Capture or exertional myopathy is an attendant complication of manual restraint in ratites, asides physical injuries that handlers may suffer. This work was carried out to restrain and immobilize two ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a bid to facilitate their clinical examination and transportation from one location to another, without subjecting the birds to capture myopathy that arises from the stress and exertion associated with physical restraint and capture. Two ostriches, male and female, weighing 120kg and 105kg respectively, were requested to be immobilized for relocation from Onireke to Jericho area in Oyo State, Nigeria. The birds were fasted overnight, administered with diazepam (3mg/kg) orally and ketamine (10mg/kg) intramuscularly. Mild sedation was achieved with diazepam after one hour. The birds were successfully transported. Complete recovery was achieved at about 8hours post-administration of ketamine. Anaesthetic agents did not alter the haematologic parameters. We conclude that the diazepam-ketamine combination is generally safe for ratites and that oral administration of diazepam accompanied by intramuscular administration of ketamine provides restraint in ratites while also avoiding the risk of capture myopathy. It is suggested that the current dose of diazepam might need to be increased if the oral route is to be employed so as to shorten the onset of sedation and increase the depth of sedation.
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Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.33687/ZOOBIOL.001.01.2239
E. T. Tyler
Environmental enrichment is often offered to animals in captivity to aid in enhancing quality of life by providing appropriate environmental stimuli that improve psychological and physiological well-being. Due to the limited amount of research conducted on raptors and enrichment, I sought to determine raptor preferences of enrichment types through the observation of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in the education department at Elmwood Park Zoo. I predicted that the raptors would interact more with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made. Although results showed only the female bald eagle to interact enough with the enrichment items to gather an adequate number of observations, she was found to interact significantly more frequently with natural enrichment items compared to ones that were man-made (p 0.0001, FET). These results are not meant to infer that all female bald eagles prefer natural enrichment items over man-made ones, or that all male bald eagles and female and male red-tailed hawks do not prefer any enrichment items. Nonetheless, they justify future research on environmental enrichment preferences involving many more individuals and many more taxa to determine more appropriate enrichment regimens for captive birds of prey.
环境丰富通常提供给圈养动物，通过提供适当的环境刺激，改善心理和生理健康，以帮助提高生活质量。由于对猛禽和富集的研究有限，我试图通过观察Elmwood Park Zoo教育部门圈养的秃鹰(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)和红尾鹰(Buteo jamaicensis)来确定猛禽对富集类型的偏好。我预测迅猛龙会更多地与自然富集物互动，而不是人工富集物。虽然结果显示，只有雌性秃鹰与富集物相互作用，以收集足够数量的观察结果，但与人造富集物相比，她与自然富集物的相互作用明显更频繁(p 0.0001, FET)。这些结果并不意味着所有的雌性秃鹰都喜欢自然富集物而不是人造富集物，或者所有的雄性秃鹰、雌性和雄性红尾鹰都不喜欢任何富集物。尽管如此，它们证明了未来对更多个体和更多类群的环境富集偏好的研究，以确定更适合圈养猛禽的富集方案。
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