M. Kamrani, Kumars Seifpanahi-Shabani, A. Seyed-Hakimi, G.A.M. Al, Sh. Agarwa, V. Gupta
This work investigates the removal of cyanide as a noxious pollutant in the gold processing effluent (Aq-Dara mine, Takab, Iran) using H2O2, H2O2+Fe(II) (Fenton), H2O2+Cu(II), NaClO and Ca(ClO)2 oxidants. Implementation of purification operation was carried out by varying the parameters including pH, oxidant dosage, temperature and time of the reaction. The results show that the oxidants have the highest efficacy at pH 10-12, while the Fenton process has the highest efficiency at pH 8. The results confirm that Ca(ClO)2 is the best oxidant due to the shorter time, low reaction rate, high degradation of cyanide and low cost. The obtained results of response surface methodology optimization show that cyanide degradation has a direct relation to temperature, amount of oxidant, time and catalyst dosage parameters and has an inverse relation to pH. Also, the cyanide elimination efficiency is more than 99.5% and residual cyanide less than Environmental Protection Agency standards and 40% of the consumed water can be compensated by the effluent treatment and its return to the factory's processing circuit. Keywords: Oxidation Process; Gold Processing Effluents Treatment; Cyanide Degradation; Non-linear Kinetic Modeling, Response Surface Method.
{"title":"Degradation of cyanide from gold processing effluent by H2O2, NaClO and Ca(ClO)2 combined with sequential catalytic process","authors":"M. Kamrani, Kumars Seifpanahi-Shabani, A. Seyed-Hakimi, G.A.M. Al, Sh. Agarwa, V. Gupta","doi":"10.34049/bcc.51.3.5052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.3.5052","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the removal of cyanide as a noxious pollutant in the gold processing effluent (Aq-Dara mine, Takab, Iran) using H2O2, H2O2+Fe(II) (Fenton), H2O2+Cu(II), NaClO and Ca(ClO)2 oxidants. Implementation of purification operation was carried out by varying the parameters including pH, oxidant dosage, temperature and time of the reaction. The results show that the oxidants have the highest efficacy at pH 10-12, while the Fenton process has the highest efficiency at pH 8. The results confirm that Ca(ClO)2 is the best oxidant due to the shorter time, low reaction rate, high degradation of cyanide and low cost. The obtained results of response surface methodology optimization show that cyanide degradation has a direct relation to temperature, amount of oxidant, time and catalyst dosage parameters and has an inverse relation to pH. Also, the cyanide elimination efficiency is more than 99.5% and residual cyanide less than Environmental Protection Agency standards and 40% of the consumed water can be compensated by the effluent treatment and its return to the factory's processing circuit. Keywords: Oxidation Process; Gold Processing Effluents Treatment; Cyanide Degradation; Non-linear Kinetic Modeling, Response Surface Method.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90423745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rafailov, R. Todorov, V. Marinova, D. Dimitrov, M. Gospodinov
Bi12TiO20 (BTO) single crystals in pristine state and doped with ruthenium and rhodium are grown by the top-seeded solution growth method and characterized by optical and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of doping on the vibrational and optical properties is studied. The doped crystals show higher absorption in the visible spectral range and higher transmission in the near infrared region as compared to pristine BTO. The performed spatially resolved polarized Raman measurements reveal no significant doping-induced shift of vibrational modes while differences in the LO/TO intensity ratio of the tetrahedral asymmetric stretching vibration are encountered. The observations are discussed in terms of lattice ordering and dopant oxidation states.
{"title":"Optical spectroscopic study of Ru and Rh doped Bi12TiO20 crystals","authors":"P. Rafailov, R. Todorov, V. Marinova, D. Dimitrov, M. Gospodinov","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.4856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.4856","url":null,"abstract":"Bi12TiO20 (BTO) single crystals in pristine state and doped with ruthenium and rhodium are grown by the top-seeded solution growth method and characterized by optical and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of doping on the vibrational and optical properties is studied. The doped crystals show higher absorption in the visible spectral range and higher transmission in the near infrared region as compared to pristine BTO. The performed spatially resolved polarized Raman measurements reveal no significant doping-induced shift of vibrational modes while differences in the LO/TO intensity ratio of the tetrahedral asymmetric stretching vibration are encountered. The observations are discussed in terms of lattice ordering and dopant oxidation states.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91324933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene (2-MN) with acetic anhydride (AA) was carried out in the ionic liquid (IL) butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([BPy]BF4) using phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) as the catalyst. The [BPy]BF4-mediated 2-MN acylation displays good conversion and selectivity towards 1-acyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (1-AC-2-MN), with 70.4% conversion of 2-MN and 96.4% selectivity to 1-AC-2-MN obtained under the optimal conditions. Owing to the rearrangement of 1-AC-2-MN, 6-acyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (6-AC-2-MN) can be detected after 1 h of reaction time, with the highest 6-AC-2-MN yield of 11.3% obtained under the examined reaction conditions. The system can be recycled and reused at least 6 times without significant loss of activity, indicating the good stability of the H3PW12O40/[BPy]BF4 catalytic system.
以磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)为催化剂，在离子液体(IL)四氟硼酸丁吡啶([BPy]BF4)中进行了2-甲氧基萘(2-MN)与乙酸酐(AA)的Friedel-Crafts酰化反应。[BPy] bf4介导的2-MN酰化反应对1-酰基-2-甲氧基萘(1-AC-2-MN)具有良好的转化率和选择性，在最优条件下，2-MN的转化率为70.4%，对1-AC-2-MN的选择性为96.4%。由于1- ac -2- mn的重排，反应1 h后可以检测到6-酰基-2-甲氧基萘(6-AC-2-MN)，在该反应条件下，6-AC-2-MN的收率最高，为11.3%。该体系可循环使用至少6次，活性无明显损失，表明H3PW12O40/[BPy]BF4催化体系稳定性好。
{"title":"Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene with acetic anhydride catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid in ionic liquid","authors":"Y. Guo, J. Sun, F. Guo, Yu He, P. Chen","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.4449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.4449","url":null,"abstract":"The Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene (2-MN) with acetic anhydride (AA) was carried out in the ionic liquid (IL) butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([BPy]BF4) using phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) as the catalyst. The [BPy]BF4-mediated 2-MN acylation displays good conversion and selectivity towards 1-acyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (1-AC-2-MN), with 70.4% conversion of 2-MN and 96.4% selectivity to 1-AC-2-MN obtained under the optimal conditions. Owing to the rearrangement of 1-AC-2-MN, 6-acyl-2-methoxynaphthalene (6-AC-2-MN) can be detected after 1 h of reaction time, with the highest 6-AC-2-MN yield of 11.3% obtained under the examined reaction conditions. The system can be recycled and reused at least 6 times without significant loss of activity, indicating the good stability of the H3PW12O40/[BPy]BF4 catalytic system.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to determine the presence of some bioactive compounds in Cassia alata L. leaves and seeds extracts such as tannins, saponins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) of leaves and seeds extracts are 59.211 mg GAE/g DW and 1.816 mg GAE/g DW, respectively, while their antioxidant capacities (AC) are 8.14 μmol Fe/g DW and 2.75 μmol Fe/g DW, respectively. The antimicrobial activity is determined by the paper disc diffusion method combined with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Leaves extract inhibits S. aureus and E. coli at MIC of 400 mg/mL; S. enteritidis and B. subtilis at MIC of 800 mg/mL. Besides, seeds extract also inhibits S. aureus at MIC of 200 mg/mL; E. coli, S. enteritidis and B. subtilis at MIC of 400 mg/mL. However, leaves and seeds extracts of C. alata do not show any inhibitions on the growth of A. niger. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant, Cassia alata L., Extract, MIC.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of extracts of Cassia alata L. leaves and seeds","authors":"P. T. Q. Le","doi":"10.34049/bcc.51.3.5049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.3.5049","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine the presence of some bioactive compounds in Cassia alata L. leaves and seeds extracts such as tannins, saponins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) of leaves and seeds extracts are 59.211 mg GAE/g DW and 1.816 mg GAE/g DW, respectively, while their antioxidant capacities (AC) are 8.14 μmol Fe/g DW and 2.75 μmol Fe/g DW, respectively. The antimicrobial activity is determined by the paper disc diffusion method combined with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Leaves extract inhibits S. aureus and E. coli at MIC of 400 mg/mL; S. enteritidis and B. subtilis at MIC of 800 mg/mL. Besides, seeds extract also inhibits S. aureus at MIC of 200 mg/mL; E. coli, S. enteritidis and B. subtilis at MIC of 400 mg/mL. However, leaves and seeds extracts of C. alata do not show any inhibitions on the growth of A. niger. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant, Cassia alata L., Extract, MIC.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78965957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hassanpour, M. Bayat, A. Nosrati, M. Ghorannevis, S. Hashemi
Aflatoxin and ochratoxin are among the most resistant and severe toxins produced by Aspergillus spp. The aim of this study was an evaluation of eliminatory effects of cold argon plasma jet on aflatoxin B1. Sampling of wheat, corn, oatmeal, flour and rice products from northern cities of Iran was carried out. The fungal species were cultured on CHAPK medium and next to sabouraud dextrose broth + malt extract (SB + ME) and also SB + yeast extract (SB + YE) media to obtain aflatoxin B1. The ELISA test was conducted to measure the aflatoxin level. The mean initial concentration of the aflatoxin from charts analysis in the SB +ME medium was 16.106 μg / kg (10.4, 8.32 and 7.55 μg / kg at 30, 60 and 360 sec, respectively), and in the SB +YE medium from 23.699 μg / kg (12.82, 9.93 and 9.54 μg / kg, respectively), at the same time. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of aflatoxin B1 by tables analysis in the SB+ ME medium changed from 20.02 μg / kg to 6.87, 10.46 and 7.55 μg / kg, at 30, 60 and 360 sec, respectively, and in the medium SB +YE from 28.85 μg / kg reached 6.56.6, 8.43 and 7.02 μg / kg, respectively, at the same time. In this study, the change or decrease in the concentration of aflatoxin B1, from Lin/Log and Log/Lin analyses of charts was significant (p<0.05) at 60 s and 360 s of application of the cold argon plasma jet in both media. The cold plasma as a new technology in various fields of food and agriculture can provide effective and suitable solutions in order to promote the goals of food industry, especially in the areas of mycotoxin elimination.
{"title":"The eliminatory effects of cold argon plasma jet on aflatoxin B1 produced by different isolates of Aspergillus section nigri","authors":"S. Hassanpour, M. Bayat, A. Nosrati, M. Ghorannevis, S. Hashemi","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.4753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.4753","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin and ochratoxin are among the most resistant and severe toxins produced by Aspergillus spp. The aim of this study was an evaluation of eliminatory effects of cold argon plasma jet on aflatoxin B1. Sampling of wheat, corn, oatmeal, flour and rice products from northern cities of Iran was carried out. The fungal species were cultured on CHAPK medium and next to sabouraud dextrose broth + malt extract (SB + ME) and also SB + yeast extract (SB + YE) media to obtain aflatoxin B1. The ELISA test was conducted to measure the aflatoxin level. The mean initial concentration of the aflatoxin from charts analysis in the SB +ME medium was 16.106 μg / kg (10.4, 8.32 and 7.55 μg / kg at 30, 60 and 360 sec, respectively), and in the SB +YE medium from 23.699 μg / kg (12.82, 9.93 and 9.54 μg / kg, respectively), at the same time. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of aflatoxin B1 by tables analysis in the SB+ ME medium changed from 20.02 μg / kg to 6.87, 10.46 and 7.55 μg / kg, at 30, 60 and 360 sec, respectively, and in the medium SB +YE from 28.85 μg / kg reached 6.56.6, 8.43 and 7.02 μg / kg, respectively, at the same time. In this study, the change or decrease in the concentration of aflatoxin B1, from Lin/Log and Log/Lin analyses of charts was significant (p<0.05) at 60 s and 360 s of application of the cold argon plasma jet in both media. The cold plasma as a new technology in various fields of food and agriculture can provide effective and suitable solutions in order to promote the goals of food industry, especially in the areas of mycotoxin elimination.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80694413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enzymes are made of protein, that is why they are sensitive molecules and are affected by storage conditions. A small change in enzyme activity during storage may cause a big error in analysis results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of storage time and temperature on urease activity. Urease solutions were prepared at different activities (from 100 to 2000 U/mL) and stored at room temperature, in the refrigerator (4°C), and in the deep freezer (-18°C and -80°C). Activity measurements were made at regular intervals until 28 days by the modified Weatherburn method. The relative activities of 100-1000 U/mL urease solutions stored at room temperature, 4, -18 or -80°C were 75% and below after 4 days. Twenty-eight days later, for 2000 U/mL urease solutions, only at room temperature, the relative activity was reduced to 37%, while at 4, -18 or -80°C, the relative activities were above 80%. Since urease can be maintained at 4°C for 28 days without significant loss of activity, it has practical importance. Low-activity urease solutions (such as 100-1000 U/mL) should not be stored at -18 or -80°C for short or long term storage, they should be stored at 4°C only for one day. Keywords: Urease activity, storage time, storage temperature
{"title":"Influence of storage time and temperature on the activity of urease","authors":"B. Alev, S. Tunali, R. Yanardağ, A. Yarat","doi":"10.34049/bcc.51.2.4536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.2.4536","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are made of protein, that is why they are sensitive molecules and are affected by storage conditions. A small change in enzyme activity during storage may cause a big error in analysis results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of storage time and temperature on urease activity. Urease solutions were prepared at different activities (from 100 to 2000 U/mL) and stored at room temperature, in the refrigerator (4°C), and in the deep freezer (-18°C and -80°C). Activity measurements were made at regular intervals until 28 days by the modified Weatherburn method. The relative activities of 100-1000 U/mL urease solutions stored at room temperature, 4, -18 or -80°C were 75% and below after 4 days. Twenty-eight days later, for 2000 U/mL urease solutions, only at room temperature, the relative activity was reduced to 37%, while at 4, -18 or -80°C, the relative activities were above 80%. Since urease can be maintained at 4°C for 28 days without significant loss of activity, it has practical importance. Low-activity urease solutions (such as 100-1000 U/mL) should not be stored at -18 or -80°C for short or long term storage, they should be stored at 4°C only for one day. Keywords: Urease activity, storage time, storage temperature","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this experimental investigation, the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water was measured at temperatures in the range of (70-130) °C and the pressure of 20 bar by using a dynamic method. The influence of different variables, including temperature and flow rate in the range of (0.15-0.64) ml/min, on the solubility of β-carotene was investigated. Furthermore, the optimization of these parameters was done through the experimental design by using factorial methodology. The results of the experiments showed that the temperature was the main parameter affecting the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water. The best conditions for solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water were the temperature of 85 °C and a flow rate of 0.64 ml/min. β-carotene’s solubility data in pressurized hot water were correlated with the dielectric constant values of the solvent mixture.
{"title":"Optimization of β-carotene solubility in pressurized hot water using a dynamic method and factorial methodology","authors":"N. Ebrahimi, A. H. Asl, Pouya Mottahedin","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.4804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.4804","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental investigation, the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water was measured at temperatures in the range of (70-130) °C and the pressure of 20 bar by using a dynamic method. The influence of different variables, including temperature and flow rate in the range of (0.15-0.64) ml/min, on the solubility of β-carotene was investigated. Furthermore, the optimization of these parameters was done through the experimental design by using factorial methodology. The results of the experiments showed that the temperature was the main parameter affecting the solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water. The best conditions for solubility of β-carotene in pressurized hot water were the temperature of 85 °C and a flow rate of 0.64 ml/min. β-carotene’s solubility data in pressurized hot water were correlated with the dielectric constant values of the solvent mixture.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73768500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anelia Vasileva, I. Iliev, V. Lozanov, M. Dimitrova, V. Mitev, I. Ivanov
The major nonvolatile compounds derived from extracts and fractions from Tanacetum vulgare L. flowers were determined by LC–HRMS. Major compounds in the crude extract were determined to be: six hydroxycinnamoyl quinic acids with 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and twelve flavonoids and their derivatives, six of which were in the form of flavonoid-O-glucuronides. Generally, the major flavonoid aglycone in tansy was luteolin. Extracts and fractions were tested under in vitro conditions in nine cell lines - one control non-tumorogenic and eight tumor lines, whereby antitumor activity was observed after 72 hours of incubation with the aforementioned substances as determined by an MTT assay. The obtained results show the highest selectivity index for the ethyl acetate extract from Flores Tanaceti (EAFT) and for the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract (EACE). EAFT extract was found to exert the highest antitumor effect, followed by EACE. From the above results it becomes evident that ethyl acetate extracts of T. vulgare contain substances with high selective activity against tumor cells.
采用液相色谱-高效液相色谱法(LC-HRMS)对淫羊藿花提取物和馏分的主要非挥发性成分进行了测定。粗提物中主要化合物为:6种羟基肉桂酰奎宁酸和4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸，12种黄酮类化合物及其衍生物，其中6种以类黄酮- o -葡萄糖醛酸酯的形式存在。一般来说，三叶草中主要的类黄酮苷元是木犀草素。在体外条件下，在九种细胞系(一种对照非致瘤细胞系和八种肿瘤细胞系)中对提取物和馏分进行了测试，通过MTT法观察上述物质与上述物质孵育72小时后的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明，红花乙酸乙酯萃取物(EAFT)和粗提物乙酸乙酯部分(EACE)的选择性指数最高。EAFT提取物的抗肿瘤作用最强，EACE次之。从以上结果可以看出，淫羊藿乙酸乙酯提取物中含有对肿瘤细胞具有高选择性活性的物质。
{"title":"In vitro study on the antitumor activity of Tanacetum vulgare L. extracts","authors":"Anelia Vasileva, I. Iliev, V. Lozanov, M. Dimitrova, V. Mitev, I. Ivanov","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.5035","url":null,"abstract":"The major nonvolatile compounds derived from extracts and fractions from Tanacetum vulgare L. flowers were determined by LC–HRMS. Major compounds in the crude extract were determined to be: six hydroxycinnamoyl quinic acids with 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and twelve flavonoids and their derivatives, six of which were in the form of flavonoid-O-glucuronides. Generally, the major flavonoid aglycone in tansy was luteolin. Extracts and fractions were tested under in vitro conditions in nine cell lines - one control non-tumorogenic and eight tumor lines, whereby antitumor activity was observed after 72 hours of incubation with the aforementioned substances as determined by an MTT assay. The obtained results show the highest selectivity index for the ethyl acetate extract from Flores Tanaceti (EAFT) and for the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract (EACE). EAFT extract was found to exert the highest antitumor effect, followed by EACE. From the above results it becomes evident that ethyl acetate extracts of T. vulgare contain substances with high selective activity against tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74209223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, polymeric systems are selected as biomaterials because of their desired biocompatible properties and easy design/preparation of a number of different structures with lower toxicity and good solubility. Nontoxic polymeric drug carrier, maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate copolymer (MAVA), was prepared via free-radical chain polymerization at 80±0.1 ºC. MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) and BPO (benzoyl peroxide) were used as the organic medium and radical initiator, respectively. Copolymer was conjugated with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, miltefosine (MF, an oral drug in the treatment of leishmaniosis), Impavido® and Miltex®, 1:1 molar ratio of copolymer:drug for 48 h at 60 °C in aqueous medium in presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 31P-NMR) were used to characterize the structure of the copolymer and MAVA/MF conjugate. Molecular weights were measured via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Results, obtained from the spectroscopic and SEC analysis, verified that conjugation was successfully carried out with good water-solubility. WST-1 cytotoxicity tests, 24 h by quantitative analysis, were carried out for copolymer, miltefosine, and MAVA/MF. The cytotoxicity values, by comparing with control group, were found statistically significantly different (P<0.05). MAVA/MF copolymer/drug couple was successfully designed with lower cytotoxicity than the free drug (MF).
{"title":"Design, synthesis, structural characterization and cell cytotoxicity of a new derivative poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate)/miltefosine polymer/drug conjugate","authors":"Gulderen Karakus, Z. Polat, M. Karahan","doi":"10.34049/BCC.51.2.5053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/BCC.51.2.5053","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, polymeric systems are selected as biomaterials because of their desired biocompatible properties and easy design/preparation of a number of different structures with lower toxicity and good solubility. Nontoxic polymeric drug carrier, maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate copolymer (MAVA), was prepared via free-radical chain polymerization at 80±0.1 ºC. MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) and BPO (benzoyl peroxide) were used as the organic medium and radical initiator, respectively. Copolymer was conjugated with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, miltefosine (MF, an oral drug in the treatment of leishmaniosis), Impavido® and Miltex®, 1:1 molar ratio of copolymer:drug for 48 h at 60 °C in aqueous medium in presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 31P-NMR) were used to characterize the structure of the copolymer and MAVA/MF conjugate. Molecular weights were measured via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Results, obtained from the spectroscopic and SEC analysis, verified that conjugation was successfully carried out with good water-solubility. WST-1 cytotoxicity tests, 24 h by quantitative analysis, were carried out for copolymer, miltefosine, and MAVA/MF. The cytotoxicity values, by comparing with control group, were found statistically significantly different (P<0.05). MAVA/MF copolymer/drug couple was successfully designed with lower cytotoxicity than the free drug (MF).","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88705728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khanfar, E. S. Abu-Nameh, A. T. Afaneh, M. Saket, A. Ahmad, W. Faraj, M. Khalil, H. A. Khotaba, M. A. Bujog
Electrochemical oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) was investigated both experimentally and theoretically to explore the connection between thermodynamics and the oxidation potential. In this work, screen printed carbon electrodes were modified with molybdenum oxide by means of voltammetry. The modified surfaces demonstrated significant sensitivity toward hydrochlorothiazide detection in pH 2.00–buffered aqueous solutions. The employed method was validated and used for hydrochlorothiazide quantification in commercial drug products. In this work, we presented results of density functional calculations for the standard reduction potential of the HCT (H)2|HCT couple in aqueous solution. After consideration of 20 density functionals with 4 different basis sets, it was found that the hybrid meta functionals provide the most accurate prediction of the reduction potential in comparison with the available experimental data. The reported reduction potential is underestimated with GGA and MGGA and is overestimated with hybrid and meta hybrid functionals. Our results highlighted the importance of including solute-solvent hydrogen bonding effects in the theoretical modeling of redox processes. Keywords: Molybdenum oxide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Screen-printed electrodes, Electrochemical deposition, Density functional theory (DFT).
{"title":"Voltammetric detection of hydrochlorothiazide at molybdenum oxide modified screen-printed electrodes","authors":"M. Khanfar, E. S. Abu-Nameh, A. T. Afaneh, M. Saket, A. Ahmad, W. Faraj, M. Khalil, H. A. Khotaba, M. A. Bujog","doi":"10.34049/bcc.51.3.4803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.3.4803","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) was investigated both experimentally and theoretically to explore the connection between thermodynamics and the oxidation potential. In this work, screen printed carbon electrodes were modified with molybdenum oxide by means of voltammetry. The modified surfaces demonstrated significant sensitivity toward hydrochlorothiazide detection in pH 2.00–buffered aqueous solutions. The employed method was validated and used for hydrochlorothiazide quantification in commercial drug products. In this work, we presented results of density functional calculations for the standard reduction potential of the HCT (H)2|HCT couple in aqueous solution. After consideration of 20 density functionals with 4 different basis sets, it was found that the hybrid meta functionals provide the most accurate prediction of the reduction potential in comparison with the available experimental data. The reported reduction potential is underestimated with GGA and MGGA and is overestimated with hybrid and meta hybrid functionals. Our results highlighted the importance of including solute-solvent hydrogen bonding effects in the theoretical modeling of redox processes. Keywords: Molybdenum oxide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Screen-printed electrodes, Electrochemical deposition, Density functional theory (DFT).","PeriodicalId":9289,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications","volume":"51 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91120701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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