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Auto Fluorescence Allows Us to Detect Early Signs of Oral Cancer and Much More 自动荧光可以让我们检测到口腔癌的早期迹象等等
Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-101
R. L. Weisel
This paper introduces a novel approach, using autofluorescence, to objectively examine the oral cavity for inflammation and infection. Many systemic diseases are perpetuated by microorganisms that colonize in the oral environment. They enter the cardiovascular system by enzymatic processes that open the oral mucosa to allow their entry. A majority of the microbes are anaerobes and/or facultative anaerobes. When they enter the host, they metabolize blood. Their waste by products contains iron elements within a compound called porphyrin. Porphyrin will fluoresce when exposed to certain wavelengths of light. Healthcare providers can utilize this natural occurring process to objectively see these harmful pathogens. This may indicate that the host has a Sleep Related Breathing Disorder (SRBD). Sleep apnea is a primary disorder of SRBD’s. This technology offers medical and dental fields a screening tool for a pandemic healthcare problem.
本文介绍了一种新的方法,使用自发荧光,客观地检查口腔的炎症和感染。许多系统性疾病是由在口腔环境中定植的微生物引起的。它们通过打开口腔粘膜的酶过程进入心血管系统。大多数微生物是厌氧菌和/或兼性厌氧菌。当它们进入宿主时,会代谢血液。他们的废物副产物中含有一种叫做卟啉的化合物中的铁元素。卟啉在暴露于特定波长的光时会发出荧光。医疗保健提供者可以利用这种自然发生的过程来客观地观察这些有害病原体。这可能表明宿主患有睡眠相关呼吸障碍(SRBD)。睡眠呼吸暂停是SRBD的一种原发性疾病。这项技术为医疗和牙科领域提供了一种针对流行病医疗问题的筛查工具。
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引用次数: 0
Management of Grade II Furcation Defect in Mandibular Molars with Allograft and Alloplastic Bone Graft: A Clinico- Radiographic Study 同种异体骨和异体骨移植治疗下颌Ⅱ级分叉缺损的临床X线研究
Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-100
T. Liu
Aim: The present study was carried out to compare clinically and radiographically the efficacy of regenerative potential of Demineralizedfreeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and Bioactive glass putty (Novabone© dental putty) in mandibular grade II furcation defects.Methods: In 34 Patients, 60 mandibular grade II furcation defects were treated using DFDBA and Bioactive glass putty. 30 furcations were treated using DFDBA, while bioactive glass putty was used to treat remaining 30 furcation defect. Clinical parameters evaluated were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Relative vertical attachment level (RVAL), Relative horizontal attachment level (RHAL) at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic parameters recorded were linear measurement of defect depth and bone density in gray scale at baseline and 6 months.Results: Both the group showed significant reduction in mean (P≤0.05) GI, PI, PPD, RVAL and RHAL at 6 months. Group I showed greater reduction in PPD. Radiographic evaluation showed significant (P≤0.05) reduction in defect depth and increase in bone density in both groups.Conclusions: Bioactive glass putty showed comparable regeneration to that of DFDBA in the treatment of mandibular grade II furcation defect. Additional putty consistency of bioactive glass makes it easier and more convenient to use.
目的:本研究在临床和放射学上比较去矿化冷冻干燥同种异体骨(DFDBA)和生物活性玻璃腻子(Novabone©牙科腻子)对下颌II级分叉缺陷的再生潜力的疗效。方法:采用DFDBA和生物活性玻璃腻子对34例下颌Ⅱ级分叉缺损患者进行治疗。使用DFDBA处理30个分叉,而使用生物活性玻璃腻子处理剩余的30个分叉缺陷。评估的临床参数为基线、3个月和6个月时的牙菌斑指数(PI)、牙龈指数(GI)、探袋深度(PPD)、相对垂直附着水平(RVAL)、相对水平附着水平(RHAL)。记录的放射学参数是在基线和6个月时以灰度级线性测量缺陷深度和骨密度。结果:两组在6个月时GI、PI、PPD、RVAL和RHAL的平均值均显著降低(P≤0.05)。第一组PPD下降幅度较大。放射学评估显示,两组的缺损深度显著减少(P≤0.05),骨密度增加。结论:生物活性玻璃腻子在治疗下颌Ⅱ级分叉缺损中表现出与DFDBA相当的再生能力。生物活性玻璃的额外腻子稠度使其使用更容易、更方便。
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引用次数: 0
Medical Emergencies in Dental Office - A Review 牙科诊所的医疗紧急情况-回顾
Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-099
Abhinav S. Sharma
A medical emergency, no matter where it happens, demands immediate treatment. When it occurs in a dental set-up, it is expected of Dentist and his/her staff to have the basic knowledge to recognize, assess and manage a potentially life-threatening situation until the patient can be transported to a medical facility. For that, the staff in the clinic should be well trained to act accordingly in different types of medical emergencies that can occur at any given time. A mock drill can also be organized for their training purpose. This review article deals with different kinds of medical emergencies that can occur in a dental set-up and how that can be recognized and managed.
医疗紧急情况,无论发生在哪里,都需要立即治疗。当这种情况发生在牙科机构时,牙医及其工作人员应具备基本知识,以识别、评估和处理可能危及生命的情况,直到患者可以被送往医疗机构。为此,诊所的工作人员应该接受良好的培训,以便在任何给定时间可能发生的不同类型的医疗紧急情况下采取相应的行动。模拟演习也可以组织为他们的训练目的。这篇综述文章处理不同类型的医疗紧急情况,可能发生在牙科设置和如何识别和管理。
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引用次数: 2
Clinical Dentistry -The Pandemic’s Late Effects 临床牙科-流行病的后期影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-097
M. Hegde
Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is the most recent HCID (highly contagious infectious diseases) pandemic to hit the world. The respiratory disease (sars-cov-2) has been shown to spread from symptomatic patients through droplets and aerosols. Because of the closed environment and the use of high and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, infection spreads even more easily in a dental setting. During these times, our priority should be inward to protect ourselves as well as the patients who need medical attention. Various methods for controlling infection transmission from aerosol-generating dental procedures are recommended to accomplish this. In light of the effect of oral health on the seriousness of the Covid 19 pandemic, and to protect ourselves financially during this pandemic it is critical to explain patients that we dentists are using the most up-to-date approaches to keep them safe by reducing the risk of them contracting the virus from the dental office in order to maximise the number of outpatients. And it is important to treat every patient as a Covid -19 infected person and take the appropriate precautions to ensure our safety while rendering dental treatment.
2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)是最近袭击世界的高传染性传染病(HCID)大流行。呼吸道疾病(sars-cov-2)已被证明通过飞沫和气溶胶从有症状的患者传播。由于封闭的环境以及高速和低速手持设备、超声波洁牙器的使用,感染在牙科环境中更容易传播。在这段时间里,我们的首要任务应该是保护自己和需要医疗护理的患者。为了实现这一点,推荐了各种控制气溶胶产生的牙科手术感染传播的方法。鉴于口腔健康对新冠肺炎19大流行严重性的影响,为了在这场大流行期间保护我们自己的经济,重要的是向患者解释,我们的牙医正在使用最新的方法来保护他们的安全,降低他们从牙科办公室感染病毒的风险,以最大限度地增加门诊人数。重要的是,将每一位患者都视为新冠肺炎-19感染者,并采取适当的预防措施,确保我们在进行牙科治疗时的安全。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Different Fiber Reinforcement on Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness and Abrasive Resistance of Provisional Restorative Resin 不同纤维增强剂对临时修复树脂抗弯强度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-095
Dr. Pratik Bhatnagar
Aim: To assess and compare the impact of reinforcement of PMMA with glass fibre, polyethylene fibre and carbon fibres on flexural strength, fracture toughness and abrasive resistance.Background: In view of inadequate mechanical and physical characteristics of PMMA which include low impact strength and low surface hardness and resulting lowered clinical performance of the prosthesis, the study was designed to investigate the impact of reinforcement of PMMA with glass, polyethylene and carbon fibers on flexural strength, fracture toughness and abrasive resistance. Methods and Findings: Rectangular specimens (n=120; 30 each from 4 groups; 65 × 10 × 3.3 mm3) were fabricated and loaded on Universal Testing Machine until fracture for flexural strength and fracture toughness and on Taber Abrasive Tester for abrasive resistance. Data were analyzed using one–way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc test - Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis, using significance level of 0.05. Significant increase in fracture toughness was observed in specimens reinforced with polyethylene and carbon fiber, albeit the values of flexural strength were increased insignificantly. Specimens reinforced with glass and carbon fiber had significantly low values of abrasive resistance. Conclusion: Findings indicate that reinforcement of PMMA by non-specific fibers like glass, polyethylene and carbon resulted in significant increase in fracture toughness and decrease in abrasive resistance.
目的:评价和比较玻璃纤维、聚乙烯纤维和碳纤维增强PMMA对弯曲强度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响。背景:鉴于PMMA的机械和物理特性不足,包括冲击强度低、表面硬度低,导致假体的临床性能降低,本研究旨在研究玻璃、聚乙烯和碳纤维增强PMMA对弯曲强度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响。方法和发现:制作矩形试样(n=120;4组各30个;65×10×3.3 mm3),并在万能试验机上加载,直到断裂,以测定弯曲强度和断裂韧性,并在Taber磨料试验机上测定耐磨性。数据采用单因素方差分析,然后采用事后检验-Bonferroni多重比较分析,显著性水平为0.05。在用聚乙烯和碳纤维增强的试样中观察到断裂韧性的显著增加,尽管弯曲强度的值增加不显著。用玻璃和碳纤维增强的试样具有显著低的耐磨性值。结论:玻璃、聚乙烯和碳等非特异性纤维增强PMMA,可显著提高断裂韧性,降低耐磨性。
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引用次数: 0
Physicochemical Analysis of Dental and Household Hypochlorites 牙科和家用次氯酸盐的理化分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-096
Michele Méndez Velázquez
Aim: Sodium hypochlorite is the most common solution in the Endodontics field, however, NaOCl concentrations of commercial brands which are prepared for this purpose differ from their actual concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of dental and household hypochlorites.Materials and Methods: The solutions were divided in the following groups: Control: Clorarex 6%, Group 1: Viarzoni-T 5.25%, Group 2: Endo Chlord 3%, Group 3: Chlor- XTRA 6%, Group 4: Viarzoni-T (diluted from 5.25%), Group 5: Cloralex (diluted from 6%), Group 6: Chlor- Xtra (diluted from 6%). pH and temperature were measured by means of potentiometer, dilution test was performed using bovine tissue and exposed to each solution. For cytotoxicity assay, erythrocytes were exposed to each solution and stained with Sternheimer-Malbin solution.Results: Dissolution times showed a significant difference since the shortest time was Cloralex (6.6 ± 2.09). The solution with the highest alkalinity in the original concentration was Endo Chlord for dental use (11.7 ± 2.2). The solution with the highest alkalinity in the original concentration was Endo Chlord for dental use (11.7 ± 2.2) but it also was the solution with less cytotoxicity.Conclusion: Viarzoni-T was the only solution without any dissolving capacity, Cloralex, ChorlXtra and EndoChlord were capable of dissolving bovine pulp tissue effectively, reducing their concentration of Cloralex and ChlorXtra did not reduce the pH, but all solutions showed a cytotoxic effect on erythrocites.
目的:次氯酸钠是牙髓学领域最常见的溶液,然而,为此目的而制备的商业品牌的NaOCl浓度与其实际浓度不同。本研究的目的是比较牙科次氯酸盐和家用次氯酸盐的理化性质。材料与方法:将溶液分为以下组:对照组:Clorarex 6%,组1:Viarzoni-T 5.25%,组2:Endo Chlord 3%,组3:Chlor- XTRA 6%,组4:Viarzoni-T(以5.25%稀释),组5:Cloralex(以6%稀释),组6:Chlor- XTRA(以6%稀释)。用电位器测量pH值和温度,用牛组织暴露于每种溶液中进行稀释试验。细胞毒性试验中,将红细胞暴露于每种溶液中,并用施特恩海默-马尔宾溶液染色。结果:溶出时间差异有统计学意义,以Cloralex最短(6.6±2.09);原浓度碱度最高的是牙科用远藤氯碱(11.7±2.2)。原浓度下碱度最高的是牙科用远藤氯碱(11.7±2.2),但也是细胞毒性较小的溶液。结论:Viarzoni-T是唯一没有溶解能力的溶液,Cloralex、ChorlXtra和EndoChlord能有效溶解牛牙髓组织,降低Cloralex和ChlorXtra的浓度不降低pH,但所有溶液都对红细胞有细胞毒性作用。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Chewing Time for Wearers of Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures 远端可摘局部义齿佩戴者咀嚼时间的评价
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-098
Pape Ibrahima Kamara
Background: The restoration of mastication is an element of the therapeutic success of the removable prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chewing time of subjects wearing a metallic removable partial denture (MRPD) restoring a distal extension edentulism. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive pilot study carried out after a review of patient records. Subjects were asked to chew test foods, carrots and peanuts. Chewing was to continue until they perceived that the bowl was fit to be swallowed. All sequences were videotaped and data on the duration of the chewing sequence of the test foods was recorded on an Excel® spreadsheet. Data analysis was performed using SPSS® version 23 software with a 5% risk of error.Results: Out of a sample of 17 MRPD wearers, 12 subjects had a toothless Kennedy class I and 5 subjects had a Kennedy class II edentulism condition with 9 females (53%) and 8 males (47%). Subjects between 46 and 65 years of age were in the majority with a percentage of 59%. After chewing the sampled bowls, Kennedy class I edentulous subjects had an average chewing time of 93.24 seconds ± 31.93 for peanuts and 109.18 seconds ± 53.35 for cores. The respective averages of the class II edentulism subjects were 127.53 seconds ± 62.84 and 128.95 seconds ± 73.35 for peanuts and carrots respectively.Conclusion: This study reveals that peanut chewing is easier and the subjects with MPD restoring a class I edentulism performed less time than those with class II edentulism, a fact related to the presence of changes in class II edentulism. Statistically, no significant correlation was found between carrots or peanuts chewing and type of distal extension MRPD wearers.
背景:咀嚼功能的恢复是可移除假体治疗成功的一个因素。本研究的目的是评估佩戴金属可摘局部义齿(MRPD)修复远端延伸缺牙的受试者的咀嚼时间。材料和方法:这是一项在回顾患者记录后进行的描述性试点研究。受试者被要求咀嚼测试食物,胡萝卜和花生。他们继续咀嚼,直到他们意识到碗适合吞咽。对所有序列进行录像,并将测试食品咀嚼序列的持续时间数据记录在Excel®电子表格中。使用SPSS®23版软件进行数据分析,错误风险为5%。结果:在17名MRPD佩戴者的样本中,12名受试者患有无牙Kennedy I级,5名受试人患有Kennedy II级缺牙症,其中9名女性(53%),8名男性(47%)。年龄在46岁至65岁之间的受试者占大多数,比例为59%。在咀嚼取样碗后,Kennedy一级无牙受试者的花生平均咀嚼时间为93.24秒±31.93,果核平均咀嚼时间109.18秒±53.35。花生和胡萝卜的II类缺牙症受试者的平均值分别为127.53秒±62.84和128.95秒±73.35。结论:本研究表明,咀嚼花生更容易,MPD恢复I类缺牙症的受试者比II类缺牙病的受试人员完成的时间更短,这一事实与II类缺齿症的变化有关。从统计数据来看,咀嚼胡萝卜或花生与远端延伸MRPD佩戴者的类型之间没有发现显著的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Posterior Reinforced Endodontic Composite Restoration 后牙强化牙髓复合修复
Pub Date : 2021-06-06 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-093
I. Iñiguez
When restoring large cavities in posterior endodontically treated teeth, usually are treated with indirect laboratory-fabricated onlays or crowns. If the patient for any reason, after being informed of the various treatment options and costs, desires to have the restoration done within one appointment, a direct reinforced restoration might be the best choice.The purpose of this article suggests the use of two different materials; polyethylene fibers and resin composite to treat endodontic treated tooth offering a high strength restoration within one appointment. The polyethylene fibers, besides offering the proper strength to the mastication forces, as well reduce the risk of fractures and microfiltration.This procedure demonstrated some advantages over the usual conventional more expensive alternatives that may take more than one visit.
当修复经过牙髓治疗的后牙中的大洞时,通常使用实验室制造的间接义齿或牙冠进行治疗。如果患者在得知各种治疗方案和费用后,出于任何原因,希望在一次预约内完成修复,直接强化修复可能是最佳选择。本文的目的是建议使用两种不同的材料;聚乙烯纤维和树脂复合材料治疗牙髓病治疗的牙齿,在一次预约内提供高强度修复。聚乙烯纤维除了为咀嚼力提供适当的强度外,还降低了断裂和微滤的风险。与可能需要多次就诊的常规更昂贵的替代方案相比,该程序显示了一些优势。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Awareness Among Dental Practitioners Regarding The Management of Dental Traumatic Injuries, Based On The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) Guidelines 2020: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey 根据国际牙科创伤学会(IADT)指南2020:横断面问卷调查评估牙科从业者对牙科创伤管理的认识
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(3)-094
Anjal Muharib
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dental practitioners in Central Indian region, regarding the treatment and management of dental traumatic injuries, using the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) Guidelines 2020 as a reference.Materials and Methods: A total of 514 dental practitioners across Central India participated in a cross-sectional study by means of virtual survey. A two part electronic questionnaire was created using google forms, investigating 7 profession based questions and 16 trauma based questions and were sent to all the dentists registered with Dental Council of India in Central India.The responses were analysed to evaluate the awareness among dental practitioners regarding the management of dental traumatic injuries.Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was performed by using the proportional or frequency distribution of the parameters. The respondents were then grouped according to the branch of speciality if any and the data was evaluated by the one-way ANOVA with post-hoc, with p value <0.005.Results: In the present study, out of a total score of 20,the mean knowledge score for dental practitioners was 8.20 (only 54.86% of the 20 questions were answered correctly) and 282 participants out of 514 had an average level of knowledge, Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge of dentists from Central India region of the revised IADT guidelines is average.
目的:本研究的目的是以《国际牙科创伤学协会(IADT)指南2020》为参考,评估中印度地区牙科从业者在牙科创伤治疗和管理方面的知识。材料和方法:印度中部共有514名牙科医生通过虚拟调查参与了一项横断面研究。使用谷歌表格创建了一份由两部分组成的电子问卷,调查了7个基于职业的问题和16个基于创伤的问题,并发送给了在印度中部印度牙科委员会注册的所有牙医。对这些反应进行了分析,以评估牙科从业者对牙科创伤管理的认识。统计分析:通过使用参数的比例或频率分布进行描述性统计。然后,根据专业分支(如果有的话)对受访者进行分组,并通过单因素方差分析和post-hoc对数据进行评估,p值<0.005。结果:在本研究中,在20分的总分中,牙科从业者的平均知识得分为8.20(20个问题中只有54.86%的答案正确),514名参与者中有282人具有平均知识水平。
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引用次数: 1
Sodium Tetra Decyl Sulfate: A Sclerosant To Be Used with Caution 十二烷基硫酸四钠:一种慎用的硬化剂
Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.37191/MAPSCI-2582-3736-3(2)-081
Indrajeet Singh
The treatments of vascular malformations pose extreme challenge not only to the surgeons but to the patients as well. A surgical intervention might be effective for all well circumscribed malformations of moderate size with possibility of attaining anatomic and functional restoration but the surgical approach may lead to tissue damage and massive bleeding. Alternatively, Sclerotherapy gives a good choice for the treatment of vascular malformation. In addition, sclerotherapy is also used to reduce the size of lesion, preoperatively as a support to surgery and even some times post-surgically.
血管畸形的治疗不仅对外科医生,而且对患者都构成了极大的挑战。手术干预可能对所有界限明确的中等大小畸形有效,有可能实现解剖和功能恢复,但手术方法可能导致组织损伤和大出血。或者,硬化疗法是治疗血管畸形的一个很好的选择。此外,硬化治疗也用于缩小病变的大小,术前作为手术的支持,有时甚至是术后。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of dentistry and oral sciences
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