Purpose: The impact of a hospital formulary was evaluated to provide a guide for the establishment of local formularies to optimize patient care and healthcare costs.
Methods: A formulary was introduced by formulary pharmacists of the Toda Medical Group for suggesting recommended medicines to physicians based on the medication history. Patients who were hospitalized in the rehabilitation ward of the Niiza Hospital and prescribed medicines according to the formulary introduced between April 2017 and March 2018 were included and followed-up for six months.
Results: Of the 183 patients screened, 154 patients were enrolled as the formulary's introduction patients (76 males/78 females, median age 78 years); 92% of these patients received formulary-proposed prescriptions at the specified timepoints; and 19 patients re-consulted at the Niiza Hospital after discharge and continued the same formulary medicines. The proposed acceptance rate by physicians was 100%. Most changes suggested introduced generic formulations. The doses were equivalent for all pharmacological classes with the exception of medicines that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system, which fell from 10.7 to 7.2 mg (P< .0001). Overall daily medication costs fell at discharge compared to admission (38.5 vs. 94.6 yen per patient, respectively, P< .0001). This was valid for all pharmacological classes except for calcium channel blockers.
Conclusion: Hospital formulary-prescribed medications continued after discharge and promoted significant decreases in costs associated with outpatient prescriptions. Introducing a hospital formulary provides a basis for the introduction of local formularies and contributes to the reduction of local healthcare costs.
{"title":"Influence of Hospital Formularies on Outpatient Prescribing Practices: Analysis of the Introduction of a Local Formulary: A Single-Center, 2-Year Follow-Up, Retrospective Cohort Study of a Local Formulary in Japan.","authors":"Norihito Kanai, Masazumi Ando, Momoko Shimodate, Yoshiko Miyazaki, Toshio Saito","doi":"10.1177/00469580221087876","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00469580221087876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of a hospital formulary was evaluated to provide a guide for the establishment of local formularies to optimize patient care and healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A formulary was introduced by formulary pharmacists of the Toda Medical Group for suggesting recommended medicines to physicians based on the medication history. Patients who were hospitalized in the rehabilitation ward of the Niiza Hospital and prescribed medicines according to the formulary introduced between April 2017 and March 2018 were included and followed-up for six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 183 patients screened, 154 patients were enrolled as the formulary's introduction patients (76 males/78 females, median age 78 years); 92% of these patients received formulary-proposed prescriptions at the specified timepoints; and 19 patients re-consulted at the Niiza Hospital after discharge and continued the same formulary medicines. The proposed acceptance rate by physicians was 100%. Most changes suggested introduced generic formulations. The doses were equivalent for all pharmacological classes with the exception of medicines that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system, which fell from 10.7 to 7.2 mg (<i>P</i>< .0001). Overall daily medication costs fell at discharge compared to admission (38.5 vs. 94.6 yen per patient, respectively, <i>P</i>< .0001). This was valid for all pharmacological classes except for calcium channel blockers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospital formulary-prescribed medications continued after discharge and promoted significant decreases in costs associated with outpatient prescriptions. Introducing a hospital formulary provides a basis for the introduction of local formularies and contributes to the reduction of local healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"6 1","pages":"469580221087876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78059072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.012
Rosie E. Bradshaw
Advances in protoplast technology underpinned many crucial developments in our understanding of the molecular biology of filamentous fungi. This review follows one of these developments, namely the discovery and analysis of difuran toxin gene clusters. Our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of the agriculturally important toxin, aflatoxin, has been dramatically enhanced by the use of protoplasts and protoplast-based gene transformation methods. Since the identification of the first pathway genes by complementation of mutants with transforming DNA, transformation has continued to play a critical role in the elucidation of gene function and regulation. But despite the wealth of knowledge accumulated so far some fundamental questions remain to be answered. How did these gene clusters evolve? What is the biological role of aflatoxin? The discovery of homologues of aflatoxin genes in other fungal species such as the pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum may help to shed some light on these questions.
{"title":"From protoplasts to gene clusters","authors":"Rosie E. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advances in protoplast technology underpinned many crucial developments in our understanding of the molecular biology of filamentous fungi. This review follows one of these developments, namely the discovery and analysis of difuran toxin gene clusters. Our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of the agriculturally important toxin, aflatoxin, has been dramatically enhanced by the use of protoplasts and protoplast-based gene transformation methods. Since the identification of the first pathway genes by complementation of mutants with transforming DNA, transformation has continued to play a critical role in the elucidation of gene function and regulation. But despite the wealth of knowledge accumulated so far some fundamental questions remain to be answered. How did these gene clusters evolve? What is the biological role of aflatoxin? The discovery of homologues of aflatoxin genes in other fungal species such as the pine needle pathogen <em>Dothistroma septosporum</em> may help to shed some light on these questions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.006
Martin Clayton
In the Bibliothèque de l'Institut de France are three albums containing almost 600 drawings of fungi, compiled in Italy the 1620s. Many of these drawings were made using the newly-invented microscope. These albums constitute the finest and most extensive set of mycological illustrations made before the eighteenth century. The three albums have recently been published in their entirety, with all the drawings reproduced in colour.
{"title":"Three newly published albums of seventeenth-century mycological drawings","authors":"Martin Clayton","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Bibliothèque de l'Institut de France are three albums containing almost 600 drawings of fungi, compiled in Italy the 1620s. Many of these drawings were made using the newly-invented microscope. These albums constitute the finest and most extensive set of mycological illustrations made before the eighteenth century. The three albums have recently been published in their entirety, with all the drawings reproduced in colour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.11.001
{"title":"Erratum to: ‘Profiles of Fungi’ by N. W. Legon Mycologist 20(3) pp. 118–119 (2006)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Page 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92119778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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