Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015
Roland W.S. Weber
Spring sap-flow, i.e. xylem sap exuding through wounds of deciduous trees in spring, quickly becomes colonised by yeasts and filamentous fungi, of which several species occur regularly in consortia from different trees or regions. This article considers the survival, spread and population dynamics of these fungi, with particular emphasis on the substantial research by Wladyslav I. Golubev on birch sap-flows in Russia. Most fungi survive in the soil or epiphytically on tree trunks, and dispersal between trees is probably mediated by insects. Competition within and between sap-flow yeast species may be due to nutritional effects or the action of killer toxins (mycocins).
春天的汁液流，即通过落叶树木的伤口渗出的木质部汁液，很快被酵母和丝状真菌定植，其中一些物种在不同的树木或地区有规律地出现在联合体中。本文考虑了这些真菌的生存、传播和种群动态，特别强调了Wladyslav I. Golubev对俄罗斯桦树汁液流的大量研究。大多数真菌在土壤中生存或附着在树干上，树木之间的传播可能是由昆虫介导的。汁液流酵母菌种内部和之间的竞争可能是由于营养作用或杀手毒素(霉菌素)的作用。
{"title":"On the ecology of fungal consortia of spring sap-flows","authors":"Roland W.S. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spring sap-flow, <em>i.e.</em> xylem sap exuding through wounds of deciduous trees in spring, quickly becomes colonised by yeasts and filamentous fungi, of which several species occur regularly in consortia from different trees or regions. This article considers the survival, spread and population dynamics of these fungi, with particular emphasis on the substantial research by Wladyslav I. Golubev on birch sap-flows in Russia. Most fungi survive in the soil or epiphytically on tree trunks, and dispersal between trees is probably mediated by insects. Competition within and between sap-flow yeast species may be due to nutritional effects or the action of killer toxins (mycocins).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.09.015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002
Paul Hooley, Michael Whitehead
Interest in the genetics of marine fungi has focused upon the basis of stress adaptation and the control of the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. Analysis by molecular genetics has been applied to marine fungal taxonomy, phylogeny and species identification. The advent of the Debaryomyces hansenii genome project and the influence of climate change on this research are discussed.
{"title":"The genetics and molecular biology of marine fungi","authors":"Paul Hooley, Michael Whitehead","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interest in the genetics of marine fungi has focused upon the basis of stress adaptation and the control of the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. Analysis by molecular genetics has been applied to marine fungal taxonomy, phylogeny and species identification. The advent of the <em>Debaryomyces hansenii</em> genome project and the influence of climate change on this research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003
P.R. Johnston , P.W. Sutherland , S. Joshee
The presence of endophytic fungi within symptomless leaves of vascular plants is usually recognised indirectly through culturing methods. In order to understand the biology of fungi isolated as endophytes, there is a need to directly observe their hyphae within the leaves of their hosts. Such observations provide information about the mode of infection, the extent of colonisation within the leaf, and the reaction of the plant to infection by the fungus. Many endophytic fungi develop highly localised infections with small amounts of mycelium, making such direct observations difficult. We describe a method adapted from an electron microscopy protocol that labels one of the constituent components of fungal cell walls with a fluorescent dye and enables them to be observed in thin sections under a compound microscope.
{"title":"Visualising endophytic fungi within leaves by detection of (1→3)-ß-d-glucans in fungal cell walls","authors":"P.R. Johnston , P.W. Sutherland , S. Joshee","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of endophytic fungi within symptomless leaves of vascular plants is usually recognised indirectly through culturing methods. In order to understand the biology of fungi isolated as endophytes, there is a need to directly observe their hyphae within the leaves of their hosts. Such observations provide information about the mode of infection, the extent of colonisation within the leaf, and the reaction of the plant to infection by the fungus. Many endophytic fungi develop highly localised infections with small amounts of mycelium, making such direct observations difficult. We describe a method adapted from an electron microscopy protocol that labels one of the constituent components of fungal cell walls with a fluorescent dye and enables them to be observed in thin sections under a compound microscope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54848461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011
Heidrun Anke , Roland W.S. Weber
White-rot fungi possess a unique oxidative mechanism by which the recalcitrant lignin component of wood is mineralised. The activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, chiefly lignin and manganese peroxidases, depends on several small organic molecules. Some of these (e.g. chloroanisyl alcohols) are chloroaromatics and may act as environmental pollutants in the forest soil, whereas the synthesis of others (e.g. veratryl alcohol) requires chloromethane. Certain white-rot genera, notably Phellinus and Inonotus, release excess quantities of chloromethane into the atmosphere where it acts as a greenhouse gas. On the other hand, their powerful ligninolytic system enables white-rot fungi to degrade a wide range of man-made environmental pollutants, including recalcitrant chloroaromatics such as DDT, PCP, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. This review describes the multifarious interactions of white-rot fungi with their environment via the chlorine cycle.
{"title":"White-rots, chlorine and the environment – a tale of many twists","authors":"Heidrun Anke , Roland W.S. Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>White-rot fungi possess a unique oxidative mechanism by which the recalcitrant lignin component of wood is mineralised. The activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, chiefly lignin and manganese peroxidases, depends on several small organic molecules. Some of these (e.g. chloroanisyl alcohols) are chloroaromatics and may act as environmental pollutants in the forest soil, whereas the synthesis of others (e.g. veratryl alcohol) requires chloromethane. Certain white-rot genera, notably <em>Phellinus</em> and <em>Inonotus</em>, release excess quantities of chloromethane into the atmosphere where it acts as a greenhouse gas. On the other hand, their powerful ligninolytic system enables white-rot fungi to degrade a wide range of man-made environmental pollutants, including recalcitrant chloroaromatics such as DDT, PCP, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. This review describes the multifarious interactions of white-rot fungi with their environment <em>via</em> the chlorine cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":92965,"journal":{"name":"The mycologist","volume":"20 3","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mycol.2006.03.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54847641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号