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Forensic Identification of Fake & Genuine Saffron (Kesar) from Local Market of Greater Noida 大诺伊达当地市场假藏红花和真藏红花的法医鉴定
Pub Date : 2020-01-13 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000615
M. S. Sankhla
Saffron (Kesar) is one of the most expensive spices used all over the world. Having various properties, it is also used in herbal and traditional medicine. Because of its medicinal properties it is vastly in demand and so it became frequent object to being adulterated and faked. It is derived from the dried stigma of Crocus sativus flowers. This is rare and endangered plant that is the reason to fake saffron in local markets. The research study on forensically identification of the saffron by Chemical methods, microscopic and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry instrument are used were performed on the saffron samples to explore rapid authenticity testing of genuine saffron. Saffron being adulterated by treating with colors and chemicals to give it genuine look and smell, which can cause toxicity (Figure 1).
藏红花(Kesar)是世界上使用的最昂贵的香料之一。它具有多种特性,也用于草药和传统医学。由于其药用特性,它的需求量很大,因此它经常成为掺假和假冒的对象。它来源于番红花的干燥柱头。这是一种稀有濒危植物,也是在当地市场上假冒藏红花的原因。采用化学法、显微法和紫外-可见分光光度法对藏红花进行了定性鉴别研究,探讨了藏红花药材的快速真伪检测方法。藏红花被掺假,通过颜色和化学物质处理使其具有真实的外观和气味,这可能会导致毒性(图1)。
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引用次数: 1
The Conflict in East Ukraine: A Growing Need for Addiction Research and Substance Use Intervention for Vulnerable Populations. 东乌克兰冲突:对成瘾研究和弱势群体药物使用干预的日益增长的需求。
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-21
Sonny S Patel, Oleksandr Zvinchuk, Timothy B Erickson

Security and trauma challenges in Ukraine have been constantly evolving since the 2014 Russian military incursion of Crimea and War in Donbass. One long-term consequence of the conflict in East Ukraine is the toll of substance and alcohol use and addictions that may have been triggered by the conflict among the veterans, internally displaced peoples, and civilian survivors. Further funding and research on substance and alcohol addiction with these vulnerable populations affected by the ongoing Ukrainian conflict should be examined. Are people from fragile states and conflict zones more susceptible to co-morbidity with substance abuse and addiction?

自2014年俄罗斯军事入侵克里米亚和顿巴斯战争以来,乌克兰的安全和创伤挑战一直在不断演变。东乌克兰冲突的一个长期后果是,退伍军人、国内流离失所者和平民幸存者之间的冲突可能引发了物质和酒精的使用和成瘾。应审查为这些受乌克兰持续冲突影响的弱势群体提供药物和酒精成瘾的进一步资助和研究。来自脆弱国家和冲突地区的人是否更容易与药物滥用和成瘾同时发病?
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引用次数: 0
An Alarm at the Gate: Is Anyone Listening? Marijuana Use during Pregnancy from the Lens of a Therapist 门口的警报:有人在听吗?从治疗师的视角看怀孕期间使用大麻
Pub Date : 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2019.05.000614
C. R. King
The phenomenon of substance abuse during pregnancy has sparked debates and the topic has plagued society for many years. I have been practicing in the area of prenatal and postnatal drug counseling in the state of Louisiana for the past 20 years. There has been a growing concern about the spike in infants born exposed to drugs or alcohol in the past decade. Based on my practice observation, the complexity of this issue has become more detrimental in the last eight years. The accurate identification of prenatal drug exposure is important not only to understand the nature and magnitude of the problem, but also to determine appropriate medical and psychosocial intervention. The prevalence of prenatal drug exposure is very difficult to estimate because of flaws in all methods of identification [1]. According to the Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services report, the number of infants exposed to drugs or alcohol before birth has tripled in Louisiana from 2008 to 2016. It was reported that 569 newborns were delivered in 2008 with drugs or alcohol in their systems at birth and that number jumped to 1,659 in the year of 2016 [2]. The public is aware of the opioid crisis that exists but in my practice most of the cases has been marijuana exposed newborns.
怀孕期间滥用药物的现象引发了争论,这个话题多年来一直困扰着社会。在过去的20年里,我一直在路易斯安那州从事产前和产后药物咨询工作。在过去十年中,人们越来越担心出生时接触毒品或酒精的婴儿数量激增。根据我的实践观察,这个问题的复杂性在过去八年中变得更加有害。准确识别产前药物暴露不仅对了解问题的性质和严重程度很重要,而且对确定适当的医疗和心理社会干预也很重要。由于所有鉴定方法的缺陷,产前药物暴露的患病率很难估计[1]。根据路易斯安那州儿童和家庭服务部的报告,从2008年到2016年,路易斯安那州出生前接触毒品或酒精的婴儿数量增加了两倍。据报道,2008年有569名新生儿出生时体内含有药物或酒精,2016年这一数字跃升至1659人[2]。公众意识到阿片类药物危机的存在,但在我的实践中,大多数病例都是接触大麻的新生儿。
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引用次数: 0
Alexithymia and Addiction 述情障碍和成瘾
Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2019.05.000613
S. Chaudhury
Alexithymia was first described by Sifneos [1] as difficulty identifying and communicating feelings, differentiating feelings and somatic sensations of emotional arousal, a diminution of fantasy and imagination and an externally oriented cognitive style [2]. Studies have found that alexithymia is present across 18 different ethnic and racial groups [3]. Alexithymia is seen in around 6 and 10% in the general population [4-5]. However, when compared to non-addicted individuals, those with substance-use disorders more frequently exhibit alexithymia [6]. In patients with alcohol-use disorders percentages typically range from 45 to 67% [7]. Alexithymia can also be seen in people with a family history of alcoholism [8]. Some evidence suggests that alexithymia may have an adverse impact on the treatment of alcohol use disorders [9,10] and given the substantial cost of such disorders worldwide [11] this relationship warrants closer attention. Alexithymia is also commonly found in patients who are undergoing treatment for another drug abuse [12].
Sifneos[1]首先将述情障碍描述为难以识别和沟通情感,区分情感和情绪唤醒的躯体感觉,幻想和想象力的减少以及外部导向的认知风格[1]。研究发现,述情障碍存在于18个不同的民族和种族群体中。述情障碍在一般人群中约占6%至10%[4-5]。然而,与非成瘾个体相比,那些有物质使用障碍的人更频繁地表现出述情障碍。在酒精使用障碍患者中,这一比例通常在45%至67%之间。有酗酒家族史的人也会出现述情障碍。一些证据表明,述情障碍可能对酒精使用障碍的治疗产生不利影响[9,10],鉴于全球范围内此类疾病的巨大成本,这种关系值得进一步关注。述情障碍也常见于正在接受其他药物滥用治疗的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Forensic Application of DNA Methylation in Age- Prediction DNA甲基化在年龄预测中的法医学应用
Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000612
A. Althagafi, M. Algahtani, Abdurahman Theyab
DNA methylation defined as the addition of methyl group to the 5’ cytosine of CG dinucleotide (CpGs). As CpG sites across wide range of aging research found to be highly associated with age, multiple age predictive models using DNA methylation at CpG site have been made. DNA methylation considered the most accurate method for age prediction [1]. Variable DNA methylation can be determined by cell differentiation, aging as well as environmental exposure. The established DNA methylation pattern during early years of development are maintained and remain relatively stable throughout life, decrease or increase in different loci [2]. Age-related methylation changes throughout the life of an individual concluded in two phenomena: the epigenetic clock and epigenetic drift. Epigenetic in general is defined as the modification of DNA and DNA packaging without any change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic clock is the age associated DNA methylation changes that are common across individuals of the same age. However, epigenetic drift is the accumulation of small changes or errors that is determined by the environment in which the person ages and it influences [3,4]. In epigenetic more specific age-associated DNA methylation changes at certain loci or genes were easier to be detected by the emergence of microarray and massive parallel sequencing technologies (MPS). Although age prediction using DNA methylation is not quite parallel to the chronological age [4]. DNA methylation measures at multiple CpG sites provide close prediction of a chronological age, with a narrow range that varies and specify the accuracy of each method introduced. Thereby, choosing the most appropriate analytical method for forensic application is more difficult than in clinical application. This review will improve the understandings about DNA methylation markers and their potential to be used as biomarkers in the forensic field, with a future plan to apply the previously identified markers on different tissues and test accuracy as well as identify more DNA methylation markers for various tissues, blood and semen.
DNA甲基化定义为在CG二核苷酸(CpGs)的5’胞嘧啶中添加甲基。由于在广泛的衰老研究中发现CpG位点与年龄高度相关,已经使用CpG位点的DNA甲基化建立了多种年龄预测模型。DNA甲基化被认为是预测年龄最准确的方法[1]。可变DNA甲基化可以通过细胞分化、衰老以及环境暴露来确定。发育早期建立的DNA甲基化模式在整个生命周期中保持相对稳定,在不同的基因座中减少或增加[2]。个体一生中与年龄相关的甲基化变化总结为两种现象:表观遗传时钟和表观遗传漂移。表观遗传学通常被定义为在DNA序列没有任何变化的情况下对DNA和DNA包装进行修饰。表观遗传时钟是与年龄相关的DNA甲基化变化,在同一年龄的个体中很常见。然而,表观遗传学漂移是由人的年龄及其影响的环境决定的微小变化或错误的积累[3,4]。在表观遗传学中,微阵列和大规模平行测序技术(MPS)的出现更容易检测到某些基因座或基因上更特异的年龄相关DNA甲基化变化。尽管使用DNA甲基化的年龄预测与实际年龄并不完全平行[4]。多个CpG位点的DNA甲基化测量提供了对按时间顺序排列的年龄的密切预测,范围很窄,各不相同,并规定了每种方法的准确性。因此,选择最适合法医应用的分析方法比临床应用更困难。这篇综述将提高对DNA甲基化标记物及其在法医学领域用作生物标志物的潜力的理解,未来计划将先前鉴定的标记物应用于不同组织和测试准确性,并为各种组织、血液和精液鉴定更多的DNA甲基化标记物。
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引用次数: 0
When Naloxone is Too Little, Too Late by the Numbers 当纳洛酮太少,为时已晚的数字
Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000611
L. Labay, Jolene J Bierly, C. Catanese, Carol M. Smith
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引用次数: 0
You Will Hate Your Neighbor 你会恨你的邻居
Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2019.05.000610
Jesús Dueñas Becerra
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引用次数: 0
Altering Drug Scenario in a Developing Society: A Review 发展中社会中不断变化的毒品场景:综述
Pub Date : 2019-08-20 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000609
Sharma Hk
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引用次数: 0
DSM Controversies, Defining the Normal and the Paraphilia: Sexual Pleasure Objects, Fantasy, Variations, Soft-BDSM, ESR, Hypersexuality, Sex Addiction and Nymphomania DSM争议,定义正常和性反常:性快感对象,幻想,变化,软bdsm, ESR,性欲亢进,性瘾和女色情狂
Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000608
H. ÜmitSayın
In sexuality research and sex therapy, it is generally very difficult to define “the normal” and to differentiate variations, mild and harmless fantasies, sexual games and fantasy role play from paraphilia. In DSM classifications, there are still dilemmas, misinterpretations, contradictions and controversies to define paraphilias and what pathology is and what is not. There are new definitions and terminology in sexuality research, such as “Expanded Sexual Response” (ESR), “status orgasmus” “Never Ending Orgasms (Super Orgasms)”, “Deep Vaginal Erogenous Zones” (DVZ),”Sexual Pleasure Objects” (SEPOs), “Hypersexuality” “Non-genital orgasms” and “soft-non-pathological BDSM” etc. In this review novel definitions of some new notions are given and it is discussed why those sexual behaviors cannot be regarded as a pathology or paraphilia, such as “Hypersexuality” and soft-BDSM; a unified definition of paraphilias is proposed. Sometimes, ESR women are often confused with pathological hypersexuality. ESR is defined as: “being able to attain long lasting and/or prolonged and/or multiple and/or sustained orgasms and/or status orgasmus that lasted longer and more intense than the classical orgasm patterns defined in the literature”. Lately a research performed in United Kingdom revealed that the research team had discovered more than 500 women who were having more than 30 to 50 orgasms in one or two hours (see: You Tube, “Never Ending Orgasm” documentary). We have concluded in many publications that during an ESR orgasm and status orgasmus, some women can have trains of tens of orgasms in a given love making session. Women can be trained to achieve ESR orgasms and it is a learned phenomenon. Although defined recently in medical literature, the notion of ESR is as old as history, starting from the Dionysus Cult Era and Far Eastern sexual traditions descending from Early Ages and Tantra and Taoist cultures. At the turn of 21st Century, Female Orgasm is still a mystery and we only know the tip of the Orgasmic Iceberg of Females.
在性研究和性治疗中,通常很难定义“正常”,并区分变异、温和和无害的幻想、性游戏和幻想角色扮演与性反常。在DSM分类中,对性反常的定义,以及什么是病理学,什么不是病理学,仍然存在困境、误解、矛盾和争议。性研究中出现了新的定义和术语,如“扩张性反应”(ESR)、“状态性高潮”(status orgasm)、“永不结束的性高潮”(Super orgasm)、“阴道深层性感带”(DVZ)、“性快感对象”(SEPOs)、“性欲亢进”(Hypersexuality)、“非生殖器性高潮”(Non-genital orgasm)和“软-非病理BDSM”等。本文对一些新概念给出了新的定义,并讨论了为什么不能将“性欲亢进”和“软bdsm”等性行为视为病态或性反常;提出了对性反常的统一定义。有时,ESR女性常常与病理性性欲亢进相混淆。ESR被定义为:“能够获得持久和/或延长和/或多次和/或持续的性高潮和/或状态性高潮,持续时间更长,比文献中定义的经典性高潮模式更强烈。”最近在英国进行的一项研究显示,研究小组发现有500多名女性在一两个小时内达到30到50次高潮(参见:youtube,“永无止境的高潮”纪录片)。我们在许多出版物中得出结论,在ESR性高潮和状态性高潮期间,一些女性在给定的做爱过程中可以有几十次高潮。女性可以通过训练达到ESR性高潮,这是一种习得的现象。虽然最近才在医学文献中定义,但ESR的概念与历史一样古老,始于酒神崇拜时代和远东的性传统,从早期和密宗和道教文化中流传下来。在21世纪之交,女性高潮仍然是一个谜,我们只知道女性高潮的冰山一角。
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引用次数: 0
Psychotherapy: The Good, the Bad, and the Future 心理治疗:好的、坏的和未来
Pub Date : 2019-07-09 DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2019.05.000607
K. Klostermann, T. Mignone
The Good. Psychotherapy works-the results of outcome studies conducted over the past 75 years reveal that individuals treated are better off compared to people on waitlists or not receiving treatment [1]. In fact, the effect size of therapy (.08) is on par or better than many medical interventions (Acute MI, CHF, Graves Hyperthyroidism, medication treated erectile dysfunction, stages II and III breast cancer, cataract surgery, acute stroke, etc. Psychotherapy is also cost-effective; results of studies reveal that participation in therapy results in reductions in inpatient stays, consultations with primary-care physicians, use of medications, care provided by relatives, and general health care expenditures by 60% to 90% [2,3].
好的。心理治疗有效——过去75年进行的结果研究表明,与等待名单上或未接受治疗的人相比,接受治疗的个人境况更好[1]。事实上,治疗的效果(0.08)与许多医疗干预措施(急性心肌梗死、慢性心力衰竭、Graves甲状腺功能亢进、药物治疗的勃起功能障碍、癌症II和III期、白内障手术、急性中风等)相当或更好。心理治疗也具有成本效益;研究结果表明,参与治疗可使住院时间、初级保健医生咨询、药物使用、亲属提供的护理和一般医疗保健支出减少60%-90%[2,3]。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Forensic science & addiction research
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