Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2024.06.000641
Pamela R Williamson, Barry A Whaley
Studies estimate that least 65% of people incarcerated in the United States have Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) is a proven effective treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). MAT reduces the number of people who die each year from OUD by fifty percent and ninety percent of individuals in recovery maintain sobriety after two years. Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) covers the programs and services provided by state and local governments including correctional facilities. Under the ADA, correctional facilities must make reasonable modification to policies and practice to allow inmates in recovery to have access to MAT. In this article, we discuss how the ADA applies to correctional facilities and the impact that MAT has for people who have OUD.
{"title":"The Americans with Disabilities Act and Medication Assisted Treatment in Correctional Settings.","authors":"Pamela R Williamson, Barry A Whaley","doi":"10.31031/FSAR.2024.06.000641","DOIUrl":"10.31031/FSAR.2024.06.000641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies estimate that least 65% of people incarcerated in the United States have Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) is a proven effective treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). MAT reduces the number of people who die each year from OUD by fifty percent and ninety percent of individuals in recovery maintain sobriety after two years. Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) covers the programs and services provided by state and local governments including correctional facilities. Under the ADA, correctional facilities must make reasonable modification to policies and practice to allow inmates in recovery to have access to MAT. In this article, we discuss how the ADA applies to correctional facilities and the impact that MAT has for people who have OUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":"6 3","pages":"491-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11103793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000623
Robert A Rucker
{"title":"Forensic Science and the Shroud of Turin","authors":"Robert A Rucker","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000622
Ivan Dieb Miziara
The growing use of both licit and illicit drugs by children and adolescents raises concerns on the part of society as a whole. This is because the health system is overloaded with several avoidable hospitalizations, resulting in several years of life lost in this age group, or for demanding new public health policies to combat the sale and trafficking of these drugs. The present study evaluated 47 cases of deaths due to external causes that were referred to the IML of the state of São Paulo between the years of 2014 and 2016 and analyzed the concomitance of these cases with the positivity of the toxicological test, in order to establish a relationship between the deaths and drugs most frequently encountered. The selected group consisted of 08 (17.02%) women and 39 (82.98%) men. The substances identified in the female group were ethyl alcohol (two cases-25%); trichloroethylene (two cases-25%); carbon monoxide (one case-12.5%); trichloroethylene and chloroform (one case-12.5%); cocaine and carbamate (one case-12.5%); and tricyclic antidepressant (one case-12.5%). Thirty-nine toxicological tests of male victims were evaluated, of which alcohol alone was present in 20 tests, representing a rate of 51.28%, in a blood concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4.4g/L. It was concluded that alcohol is the most commonly found substance, but trichloroethylene also has an important role.
{"title":"Presence of Psychoactive Substances in Toxicological Examination of Children and Adolescents Victims of Violent Deaths in Sao Paulo: 2014-2016","authors":"Ivan Dieb Miziara","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000622","url":null,"abstract":"The growing use of both licit and illicit drugs by children and adolescents raises concerns on the part of society as a whole. This is because the health system is overloaded with several avoidable hospitalizations, resulting in several years of life lost in this age group, or for demanding new public health policies to combat the sale and trafficking of these drugs. The present study evaluated 47 cases of deaths due to external causes that were referred to the IML of the state of São Paulo between the years of 2014 and 2016 and analyzed the concomitance of these cases with the positivity of the toxicological test, in order to establish a relationship between the deaths and drugs most frequently encountered. The selected group consisted of 08 (17.02%) women and 39 (82.98%) men. The substances identified in the female group were ethyl alcohol (two cases-25%); trichloroethylene (two cases-25%); carbon monoxide (one case-12.5%); trichloroethylene and chloroform (one case-12.5%); cocaine and carbamate (one case-12.5%); and tricyclic antidepressant (one case-12.5%). Thirty-nine toxicological tests of male victims were evaluated, of which alcohol alone was present in 20 tests, representing a rate of 51.28%, in a blood concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4.4g/L. It was concluded that alcohol is the most commonly found substance, but trichloroethylene also has an important role.","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000621
Mukesh Sharma
Reconstruction of a scene of occurrence are generally based two folds 1) scientific experimentation and 2) past experiences of the experts team. The recon involves collection, consideration, happenings and incorporation of all investigative information with physical evidence analysis and interpretation molded into a reasonable explanation of the crime and its related events, which was available with the investigating agency. In this article we have reported a very interesting case study of railway track, as reported our team has been called after six month of the crime scene happenings to reconstruct the spot of occurrence and provide a scientific path to the investigating agency. Our team consists of Biology, Serology and Physics experts, and we reconstructed the scene, with full scientific evidences and analytical aspect. On the basis of our report the case is now disposed. Before our report the case was registered under the section of kidnapping and murder in IPC.
{"title":"Reconstruction of Crime Scene: Reveals the Truth at Railway Track","authors":"Mukesh Sharma","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000621","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstruction of a scene of occurrence are generally based two folds 1) scientific experimentation and 2) past experiences of the experts team. The recon involves collection, consideration, happenings and incorporation of all investigative information with physical evidence analysis and interpretation molded into a reasonable explanation of the crime and its related events, which was available with the investigating agency. In this article we have reported a very interesting case study of railway track, as reported our team has been called after six month of the crime scene happenings to reconstruct the spot of occurrence and provide a scientific path to the investigating agency. Our team consists of Biology, Serology and Physics experts, and we reconstructed the scene, with full scientific evidences and analytical aspect. On the basis of our report the case is now disposed. Before our report the case was registered under the section of kidnapping and murder in IPC.","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-21DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000620
S. Schneider
Research shows that cannabis has a beneficial impact on many different health issues and, as a consequence, concentrated cannabis derived products are becoming increasingly popular. Above all, high Cannabidiol (CBD) and low Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extracts are aggressively marketed by many vendors via internet-based shops. As with “classical” medication or food supplements, assessment of product safety is an important issue. Because many different non-standardized production methods are used and no international accepted technical verification procedures of the final products are yet available, the quality of CBD oils generally cannot be guaranteed. In this study, cannabinoid, terpene, pesticide, solvent and metal content of 24 CBD rich extracts purchased from several internet vendors were investigated. Furthermore, consumer information given on the internet site or as package insert is also discussed. Most of the samples had substandard consumer information and CBD concentrations below the proclaimed values. Terpene concentrations were highly variable, pesticides were detected in three samples and residual extraction solvents were detected in four samples. Metals were present at low, non-toxic levels in all samples. Considering the growing popularity of medical cannabis and of online shops consumer education is important and systematic quality testing for cannabis extracts should be mandatory.
{"title":"Quality Assessment of Cannabidiol Rich Cannabis Extracts Purchased on the Internet","authors":"S. Schneider","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000620","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows that cannabis has a beneficial impact on many different health issues and, as a consequence, concentrated cannabis derived products are becoming increasingly popular. Above all, high Cannabidiol (CBD) and low Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extracts are aggressively marketed by many vendors via internet-based shops. As with “classical” medication or food supplements, assessment of product safety is an important issue. Because many different non-standardized production methods are used and no international accepted technical verification procedures of the final products are yet available, the quality of CBD oils generally cannot be guaranteed. In this study, cannabinoid, terpene, pesticide, solvent and metal content of 24 CBD rich extracts purchased from several internet vendors were investigated. Furthermore, consumer information given on the internet site or as package insert is also discussed. Most of the samples had substandard consumer information and CBD concentrations below the proclaimed values. Terpene concentrations were highly variable, pesticides were detected in three samples and residual extraction solvents were detected in four samples. Metals were present at low, non-toxic levels in all samples. Considering the growing popularity of medical cannabis and of online shops consumer education is important and systematic quality testing for cannabis extracts should be mandatory.","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000619
Bruno Bernardo
Throughout the study on the topic regarding Mobile Device Forensics, the authors noticed the different challenges that arise from the digital investigation associated with this science. Moreover, to address these different challenges, namely, the ones regarding the lack of documentation, standardization and research on this science Chernyshev et al. [1]; Barmpatsalou et al. [2]; Omeleze and Venter [3], the authors studied not only the Forensics field but also the Digital and Mobile Forensics ones, in other to understand the different and critical challenges that are jeopardizing and affecting the accuracy and integrity of these types of sciences and its investigations. As such, the authors proposed to study this field by firstly performing a systematic literature review using the PRISMA Methodology (presented in the chapter from the authors, Bernardo B and Santos V [4] and secondly building a toolbox application to support and enhance the Mobile Device Forensics investigation process, by analyzing, describing, and constructing an architecture and its contents.
{"title":"Toolbox Application to Support and Enhance the Mobile Device Forensics Investigation Process","authors":"Bruno Bernardo","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000619","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the study on the topic regarding Mobile Device Forensics, the authors noticed the different challenges that arise from the digital investigation associated with this science. Moreover, to address these different challenges, namely, the ones regarding the lack of documentation, standardization and research on this science Chernyshev et al. [1]; Barmpatsalou et al. [2]; Omeleze and Venter [3], the authors studied not only the Forensics field but also the Digital and Mobile Forensics ones, in other to understand the different and critical challenges that are jeopardizing and affecting the accuracy and integrity of these types of sciences and its investigations. As such, the authors proposed to study this field by firstly performing a systematic literature review using the PRISMA Methodology (presented in the chapter from the authors, Bernardo B and Santos V [4] and secondly building a toolbox application to support and enhance the Mobile Device Forensics investigation process, by analyzing, describing, and constructing an architecture and its contents.","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69508816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-03DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000618
Paikrao Hariprasad
Nanotechnology is making a valuable contribution in every field. It is a widely used technique because of its ability to manipulate and characterize the matter at a level of single atoms and small atoms [1]. The word “nano” is derived from the ancient Greek “Nanos,” meaning “dwarf,” which refers to the “billionth” or a factor of 10-9. In general, to understand 1nm is about 3-10 atoms wide. It is very tiny when compared with the standard size encountered day-to-day. E.g., 1nm is 1/1000th the width of human hair. Nanotechnology described the study aspect concerning the science, engineering, and technology conducted at a scale that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers [2]. The potential of nanotechnology in electronics, diagnostics, biosensing, imaging, optical devices, and drug delivery due to their small size, large surface area, and enhanced reactivity [3-7]. Its multi-purpose application in almost every field has made it a universal purpose technology [2]. Therefore this universal technology has a plentiful of applications in the field of forensic science. Nano-Forensic, an exquisite blend of nanotechnology and forensic science, is entirely a novel discipline in forensic science. Nano-Forensic helps identify and examine evidence at the nanoscale level as earlier, it is impossible to analyze the critical evidence because of the instrument’s detection limit. With advancements in the techniques, Nano analysis is transforming the investigation process by making them more accurate, faster, and more sensitive [8,9]. Nano forensic and other technologies have significant fingerprint analysis applications, explosive detection, drug screening, toxic substance analysis, and DNA analysis [10,11]. This review would briefly update how nanotechnology is widely used in forensic analysis of evidence.
{"title":"Nano-Forensics a Comprehensive Review","authors":"Paikrao Hariprasad","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2021.05.000618","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is making a valuable contribution in every field. It is a widely used technique because of its ability to manipulate and characterize the matter at a level of single atoms and small atoms [1]. The word “nano” is derived from the ancient Greek “Nanos,” meaning “dwarf,” which refers to the “billionth” or a factor of 10-9. In general, to understand 1nm is about 3-10 atoms wide. It is very tiny when compared with the standard size encountered day-to-day. E.g., 1nm is 1/1000th the width of human hair. Nanotechnology described the study aspect concerning the science, engineering, and technology conducted at a scale that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers [2]. The potential of nanotechnology in electronics, diagnostics, biosensing, imaging, optical devices, and drug delivery due to their small size, large surface area, and enhanced reactivity [3-7]. Its multi-purpose application in almost every field has made it a universal purpose technology [2]. Therefore this universal technology has a plentiful of applications in the field of forensic science. Nano-Forensic, an exquisite blend of nanotechnology and forensic science, is entirely a novel discipline in forensic science. Nano-Forensic helps identify and examine evidence at the nanoscale level as earlier, it is impossible to analyze the critical evidence because of the instrument’s detection limit. With advancements in the techniques, Nano analysis is transforming the investigation process by making them more accurate, faster, and more sensitive [8,9]. Nano forensic and other technologies have significant fingerprint analysis applications, explosive detection, drug screening, toxic substance analysis, and DNA analysis [10,11]. This review would briefly update how nanotechnology is widely used in forensic analysis of evidence.","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.31031/fsar.2020.05.000617
Lucio Lage Gonçalves
Objective: Describe objectively the possibilities of physical and psychological impacts due to working conditions in the home office during social isolation by COVID-19. Method : Literature review in the last ten years addressing the unprecedented condition of working at home office in social isolation. Results: The findings showed that physical impacts such as vision problems and functional limitations can occur. Loneliness due to lack of face-to-face contact with other people can develop anxiety, depression and binge eating. Conclusion : The home office in social isolation can provide physical and psychological impacts due to the conditions of the homework environment
{"title":"Home Office in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts on Human Behavior","authors":"Lucio Lage Gonçalves","doi":"10.31031/fsar.2020.05.000617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/fsar.2020.05.000617","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Describe objectively the possibilities of physical and psychological impacts due to working conditions in the home office during social isolation by COVID-19. Method : Literature review in the last ten years addressing the unprecedented condition of working at home office in social isolation. Results: The findings showed that physical impacts such as vision problems and functional limitations can occur. Loneliness due to lack of face-to-face contact with other people can develop anxiety, depression and binge eating. Conclusion : The home office in social isolation can provide physical and psychological impacts due to the conditions of the homework environment","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46974479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.31031/FSAR.2020.05.000616
Sonny S. Patel, O. Zvinchuk, T. Erickson
Security and trauma challenges in Ukraine have been constantly evolving since the 2014 Russian military incursion of Crimea and War in Donbass. One long-term consequence of the conflict in East Ukraine is the toll of substance and alcohol use and addictions that may have been triggered by the conflict among the veterans, internally displaced peoples, and civilian survivors. Further funding and research on substance and alcohol addiction with these vulnerable populations affected by the ongoing Ukrainian conflict should be examined. Are people from fragile states and conflict zones more susceptible to co-morbidity with substance abuse and addiction?
{"title":"The Conflict in East Ukraine: A Growing Need for Addiction Research and Substance Use Intervention for Vulnerable Populations.","authors":"Sonny S. Patel, O. Zvinchuk, T. Erickson","doi":"10.31031/FSAR.2020.05.000616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/FSAR.2020.05.000616","url":null,"abstract":"Security and trauma challenges in Ukraine have been constantly evolving since the 2014 Russian military incursion of Crimea and War in Donbass. One long-term consequence of the conflict in East Ukraine is the toll of substance and alcohol use and addictions that may have been triggered by the conflict among the veterans, internally displaced peoples, and civilian survivors. Further funding and research on substance and alcohol addiction with these vulnerable populations affected by the ongoing Ukrainian conflict should be examined. Are people from fragile states and conflict zones more susceptible to co-morbidity with substance abuse and addiction?","PeriodicalId":93001,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science & addiction research","volume":"5 3 1","pages":"406-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43375862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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