Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.19080/jfsci.2023.17.555956
Rodrigo Meneses de Barros
{"title":"Approaches for the Detection of Latent Fingermarks on Deceased Human Bodies","authors":"Rodrigo Meneses de Barros","doi":"10.19080/jfsci.2023.17.555956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jfsci.2023.17.555956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135950653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2330-0396.1000051
M. Weitzel
Forensic anthropology students learn to estimate the sex of an individual from their skeletal remains, which is important in creating a biological profile for the decedent. Traditional methods posit a classification of very female, female, indeterminate, male, and very male. The fact is that neither intersexuality nor gender identity have been included as part of the practice is not lost on university students who are increasingly emboldened to reveal their own identities. We call upon forensic anthropologists to recognize non-binary sex and transgender identities as part of best practices moving forward.
{"title":"Sex Estimation in the Forensic Anthropology Classroom: Some Students Wonder, Where do I fit?","authors":"M. Weitzel","doi":"10.13188/2330-0396.1000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000051","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropology students learn to estimate the sex of an individual from their skeletal remains, which is important in creating a biological profile for the decedent. Traditional methods posit a classification of very female, female, indeterminate, male, and very male. The fact is that neither intersexuality nor gender identity have been included as part of the practice is not lost on university students who are increasingly emboldened to reveal their own identities. We call upon forensic anthropologists to recognize non-binary sex and transgender identities as part of best practices moving forward.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84088500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2330-0396.1000050
Sergei V. Jargin
The military service places high demands on mental and physical health. Mental disorders are among the most frequent causes of unfitness for military service. A brief case series from Russia on malingering and aggravation to avoid military service is presented here along with an overview of literature. The following aspects are pointed out: malingering and aggravation may entail unnecessary treatment and misuse of certain drugs for recreational purposes. Psychiatric diagnosis as a reason for exemption from military service depends in some cases on the social status of the patient. There are various positions in the modern army, where citizens with moderate mental deviations can serve. It can be assumed that individuals with substance abuse or certain personality disorders could be favorably influenced by the military ambiance. Another topic tackled here is the growing influence of the military in Russia, autocratic or military managerial style that is unfavorable especially for the healthcare, science and education.
{"title":"Military Aspects of Malingering, Sexual and Reproductive Coercion: Report from Russia","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.13188/2330-0396.1000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000050","url":null,"abstract":"The military service places high demands on mental and physical health. Mental disorders are among the most frequent causes of unfitness for military service. A brief case series from Russia on malingering and aggravation to avoid military service is presented here along with an overview of literature. The following aspects are pointed out: malingering and aggravation may entail unnecessary treatment and misuse of certain drugs for recreational purposes. Psychiatric diagnosis as a reason for exemption from military service depends in some cases on the social status of the patient. There are various positions in the modern army, where citizens with moderate mental deviations can serve. It can be assumed that individuals with substance abuse or certain personality disorders could be favorably influenced by the military ambiance. Another topic tackled here is the growing influence of the military in Russia, autocratic or military managerial style that is unfavorable especially for the healthcare, science and education.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76472418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-22DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2021.15.555907
N. Katare
Cut damage due to Sharp objects on different types of clothing is occasionally referred for analysis to forensic laboratories to correlate crime with criminal and/or crime scene in different kinds of cases related to stabbing, sexual assaults, robbery etc. Such examination is essential to help the investigation & to corroborate even the events of crime. Present study is focused on the correlation of the damaged clothing with the specific object/ weapon which was used and caused the damage. The end areas of the cutting damage on clothing are the most important factors for the correlation of clothing with used weapon(s) therefore morphological characteristics of the fiber-end of damaged clothing were examined using scanning electron microscope by observing different features e.g., frayed ends, fiber distortion etc. It was noticed that differentiation can be made between cut caused by razor, Paring knife, Lazer and/or Steak Knife by SEM studies.
{"title":"Differentiation of Cut Damage caused by Sharp Objects on Cotton Clothes using SEM Analysis","authors":"N. Katare","doi":"10.19080/JFSCI.2021.15.555907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JFSCI.2021.15.555907","url":null,"abstract":"Cut damage due to Sharp objects on different types of clothing is occasionally referred for analysis to forensic laboratories to correlate crime with criminal and/or crime scene in different kinds of cases related to stabbing, sexual assaults, robbery etc. Such examination is essential to help the investigation & to corroborate even the events of crime. Present study is focused on the correlation of the damaged clothing with the specific object/ weapon which was used and caused the damage. The end areas of the cutting damage on clothing are the most important factors for the correlation of clothing with used weapon(s) therefore morphological characteristics of the fiber-end of damaged clothing were examined using scanning electron microscope by observing different features e.g., frayed ends, fiber distortion etc. It was noticed that differentiation can be made between cut caused by razor, Paring knife, Lazer and/or Steak Knife by SEM studies.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2020.15.555906
S. Kertzman
Tattooing was proposed as a creative way for self-expression of the individuality. In the present study we assessed possible association between tattoos and narcissistic personality characteristics. To this end we have evaluated the interaction between narcissism and presence of tattoos in young women. Young women (aged 18-35 years) with (N=60) and without (N=60) tattoos completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Women with tattoos had received significantly higher scores of the Exhibition subscale of the NPI than those without tattoos. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high level of Exhibition subscale and low level of education are significant contributors to getting tattoo amongst young women.
{"title":"Narcissistic Personality Measures Discriminate Between Young Women With and Without Tattoos","authors":"S. Kertzman","doi":"10.19080/JFSCI.2020.15.555906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JFSCI.2020.15.555906","url":null,"abstract":"Tattooing was proposed as a creative way for self-expression of the individuality. In the present study we assessed possible association between tattoos and narcissistic personality characteristics. To this end we have evaluated the interaction between narcissism and presence of tattoos in young women. Young women (aged 18-35 years) with (N=60) and without (N=60) tattoos completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Women with tattoos had received significantly higher scores of the Exhibition subscale of the NPI than those without tattoos. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high level of Exhibition subscale and low level of education are significant contributors to getting tattoo amongst young women.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47104052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2330-0396.1000048
Once the initial signs of financial fraud are detected, an investigation needs to be launched to determine its extent. The investigation should establish the facts that confirm the existence of financial crimes. This paper briefly describes what a criminal investigation of financial crimes should look like.
{"title":"Criminal Investigation of Financial Crimes","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2330-0396.1000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000048","url":null,"abstract":"Once the initial signs of financial fraud are detected, an investigation needs to be launched to determine its extent. The investigation should establish the facts that confirm the existence of financial crimes. This paper briefly describes what a criminal investigation of financial crimes should look like.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84002960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13188/2330-0396.1000049
ID Mziara
While fire-related deaths are regularly encountered by medical examiners and in the forensic practice, one of the most important signs that death occurred by carbon monoxide poisoning is the blood level of Carboxyhemoglobin, which usually is stated by the literature as above 50%. We examined retrospectively the reports of 16 children charred corpses that died in closed space. The dosage of Carboxyhemoglobin of 10 of them was less than 50%. In absence of any other plausible manner of death, the examiners concluded that the cause of death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning. The authors emphasize the necessity of further research to establish adequately what is the lethal blood level of carboxyhemoglobin in children.
{"title":"Cause of Death in Carbonized Children: What is The Role of Carboxyhemoglobin?","authors":"ID Mziara","doi":"10.13188/2330-0396.1000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000049","url":null,"abstract":"While fire-related deaths are regularly encountered by medical examiners and in the forensic practice, one of the most important signs that death occurred by carbon monoxide poisoning is the blood level of Carboxyhemoglobin, which usually is stated by the literature as above 50%. We examined retrospectively the reports of 16 children charred corpses that died in closed space. The dosage of Carboxyhemoglobin of 10 of them was less than 50%. In absence of any other plausible manner of death, the examiners concluded that the cause of death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning. The authors emphasize the necessity of further research to establish adequately what is the lethal blood level of carboxyhemoglobin in children.","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86744895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.13188/2330-0396.1000047
Rape is a heinous crime and lot of rape crimes are registered in Maharashtra day to day. In case of a minor victim, medical examination plays important role to prove the rape. For the forensic analysis, forensic science laboratory receives the samples collected by medical officers during the medical examination of victim and accused and the other samples of them like clothes, crime scene articles seized by investigation agency. In the crime of rape, semen of accused on clothes of victim or in genital parts of victim is always the crucial scientific evidence which can prove the act of crime and can led severe punishment by law. However, every time it is not possible to obtain semen on articles as sometimes ejaculation of semen may not be achieved by the culprit. In such situations, blood also plays important role to connect the accused with the crime. We analyzed two such cases where, DNA profiles obtained from blood detected on victim’s clothes matched with DNA profiles of accused. However, as the cases were belonged to rape, accused were adult and both victims were minor, the transfer of blood of accused on their clothes was astonishing. After studying medical examination report of both the accused, it was found that they had penile injuries while attempting the crime. So, in absence of semen; the DNA profile obtained from blood on victim’s clothes found the crucial evidence in both the cases which proved the involvement of accused in the crime. Introduction Recently there has been tremendous rise in sexual offences against women and more dangerous fact is that the number of minor victims in such crimes is more. Census data from 2011 shows that in India 472 million children below age of eighteen and out of them 225 million are girls [1]. Many times due to pressure and lack of knowledge, these children fear to talk about atrocious crime. India has taken lot of precautions since the Nirbhaya case happened and made legal provision of new act “Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012 (POCSO Act 2012)” and continuously monitoring these cases [2]. To increase conviction rate, scientific evidence has lot of importance and DNA evidence is the one of best evidence. If this evidence is found, court can send culprit to rigorous imprisonment considering DNA report. While performing forensic analysis of exhibits seized in sexual offences, though semen is absent in medical samples like vaginal swab, pubic hair or on her clothes, if blood of accused is found on her exhibits, it can play a vital evidence to prove the crime. This evidence of blood is very much important in specifically minor victims. Because in such crimes, it is observed that most of the times, accused fails to intercourse and ejaculate semen because of smaller opening of vagina of minor girl and he himself gets penile injuries while forceful attempt. Blood detected in such cases is important to prove the crime [3]. We solved such two cases in our forensic science laboratory. Kudeka
{"title":"Blood of Accused - Vital Scientific Evidence in Crime of Rape","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2330-0396.1000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-0396.1000047","url":null,"abstract":"Rape is a heinous crime and lot of rape crimes are registered in Maharashtra day to day. In case of a minor victim, medical examination plays important role to prove the rape. For the forensic analysis, forensic science laboratory receives the samples collected by medical officers during the medical examination of victim and accused and the other samples of them like clothes, crime scene articles seized by investigation agency. In the crime of rape, semen of accused on clothes of victim or in genital parts of victim is always the crucial scientific evidence which can prove the act of crime and can led severe punishment by law. However, every time it is not possible to obtain semen on articles as sometimes ejaculation of semen may not be achieved by the culprit. In such situations, blood also plays important role to connect the accused with the crime. We analyzed two such cases where, DNA profiles obtained from blood detected on victim’s clothes matched with DNA profiles of accused. However, as the cases were belonged to rape, accused were adult and both victims were minor, the transfer of blood of accused on their clothes was astonishing. After studying medical examination report of both the accused, it was found that they had penile injuries while attempting the crime. So, in absence of semen; the DNA profile obtained from blood on victim’s clothes found the crucial evidence in both the cases which proved the involvement of accused in the crime. Introduction Recently there has been tremendous rise in sexual offences against women and more dangerous fact is that the number of minor victims in such crimes is more. Census data from 2011 shows that in India 472 million children below age of eighteen and out of them 225 million are girls [1]. Many times due to pressure and lack of knowledge, these children fear to talk about atrocious crime. India has taken lot of precautions since the Nirbhaya case happened and made legal provision of new act “Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012 (POCSO Act 2012)” and continuously monitoring these cases [2]. To increase conviction rate, scientific evidence has lot of importance and DNA evidence is the one of best evidence. If this evidence is found, court can send culprit to rigorous imprisonment considering DNA report. While performing forensic analysis of exhibits seized in sexual offences, though semen is absent in medical samples like vaginal swab, pubic hair or on her clothes, if blood of accused is found on her exhibits, it can play a vital evidence to prove the crime. This evidence of blood is very much important in specifically minor victims. Because in such crimes, it is observed that most of the times, accused fails to intercourse and ejaculate semen because of smaller opening of vagina of minor girl and he himself gets penile injuries while forceful attempt. Blood detected in such cases is important to prove the crime [3]. We solved such two cases in our forensic science laboratory. Kudeka","PeriodicalId":93024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences & criminal investigation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88489628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.19080/jfsci.2020.14.555893
R. Kumawat
The novel corona virus or COVID 19, created a pandemic throughout the world due to its transmissibility, highly virulent nature and severe pathogenicity. It has been established that it transmits through liquid droplets during coughing, sneezing, loud speaking, and spitting out. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the viral particles persist on the various surfaces up to 5 days depending upon the environmental conditions and nature of surfaces. These long-lasting persistence and airborne transmission of Corona viral particles impose serious threat for forensic investigators as well as for all the law enforcement agencies. In this article, we explore the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on forensic investigation at the scene of a crime, sample collection, transport, storage, and laboratory examination. This article also helps to understand the overview of the novel corona virus and to adopt the best biosafety practices by the forensic science community and other law enforcement agencies, which will help in the balancing to conduct the investigations and protection against novel viral infections by following the safety guidelines formulated by the concerned central and state government.
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