Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.032
{"title":"The Safety of High Dose Labetalol in the Pregnant Population","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.030
{"title":"The Effects of Vaginal Probiotic Administration on Perinatal Outcomes in Patients with Premature Preterm Rupture of Membrane","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47135274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.029
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Chorioamnionitis: A Case Report and Short Review of Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.031
{"title":"Our State Just Passed a Near-Total Abortion Ban","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43068225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.024
{"title":"A New Isolated Local Varicella Virus: Isolation, Identification, Comparative Growth Characteristics and Immunological Evaluation in an Animal Model","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46847649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.028
Pin Li, Qian Huang, Lele Wang, R. Garfield, Huishu Liu
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in uterine electrical signals recorded by electromyography in relationship with the progression of cervical dilation during the first stage of labor. Methods: Uterine electromyography was recorded from the abdominal surface for 30 min in 200 nulliparous women presenting at ≥ 370/7 weeks of gestation. Eight groups were defined as follows: Group 1 (n=10), non-laboring patients with no cervical effacement; Group 2 (n=15), patients with cervical effacement; Groups 3 to 7, patients in the first stage of labor with cervical dilation at 1–2 cm (n=10), 2–3 cm (n=50), 3–5 cm (n=45), 5–7 cm (n=30), and 7–9 cm (n=25), respectively; and Group 8 (n=15), patients in the second stage of labor with the cervix at 10 cm dilation. Uterine electromyography bursts were characterized by the analysis of various burst characteristics, including number of bursts, total power, and peak frequency of power density spectrum. Intergroup differences were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, and linear relationships between data were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The burst frequency (number/30 minutes) and power density spectrum peak frequency increased steeply to peak levels at a cervical dilation of about 3 cm. However, the electromyography burst power reached peak levels at a cervical dilation of 5–7 cm. The correlations of the frequency of bursts (R=0.934, P<0.001), power (R=0.890, P<0.001), and power density spectrum peak frequency (R=0.972, P<0.001) with cervical changes were significant. Conclusions: Uterine electromyography effectively quantifies the contribution of uterine muscle electrical activity to the advancement of cervical dilation with the progression of labor. This study suggests that the dilation of the cervix is related to uterine electricity activity, helping to clarify the labor process.
目的:探讨子宫肌电图记录的子宫电信号变化与第一产程宫颈扩张进程的关系。方法:对200例妊娠≥370/7周的未产妇女进行30 min的腹部肌电图记录。8组的定义如下:第一组(n=10)，未分娩，无宫颈显影的患者;第2组(n=15)，宫颈水肿患者;第3 ~ 7组:产程第一阶段宫颈扩张1 ~ 2 cm (n=10)、2 ~ 3 cm (n=50)、3 ~ 5 cm (n=45)、5 ~ 7 cm (n=30)、7 ~ 9 cm (n=25);第8组(n=15)为产程第二阶段宫颈扩张10cm的患者。通过分析子宫肌电图爆发的各种特征，包括爆发次数、总功率、功率密度谱峰值频率等来表征子宫肌电图爆发。使用单因素方差分析评估组间差异，使用Pearson相关系数确定数据之间的线性关系。结果:爆发频率(次数/ 30min)和功率密度谱峰值频率在宫颈扩张约3cm时急剧上升至峰值水平。然而，肌电图爆发功率在宫颈扩张5 - 7cm时达到峰值。突发频率(R=0.934, P<0.001)、功率(R=0.890, P<0.001)、功率密度谱峰值频率(R=0.972, P<0.001)与颈椎变化有显著相关性。结论:子宫肌电图可以有效地量化子宫肌电活动对宫颈扩张进程的贡献。本研究提示子宫颈扩张与子宫电活动有关，有助于厘清分娩过程。
{"title":"Uterine Electrical Signals and Cervical Dilation During the First Stage of Labor","authors":"Pin Li, Qian Huang, Lele Wang, R. Garfield, Huishu Liu","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in uterine electrical signals recorded by electromyography in relationship with the progression of cervical dilation during the first stage of labor. Methods: Uterine electromyography was recorded from the abdominal surface for 30 min in 200 nulliparous women presenting at ≥ 370/7 weeks of gestation. Eight groups were defined as follows: Group 1 (n=10), non-laboring patients with no cervical effacement; Group 2 (n=15), patients with cervical effacement; Groups 3 to 7, patients in the first stage of labor with cervical dilation at 1–2 cm (n=10), 2–3 cm (n=50), 3–5 cm (n=45), 5–7 cm (n=30), and 7–9 cm (n=25), respectively; and Group 8 (n=15), patients in the second stage of labor with the cervix at 10 cm dilation. Uterine electromyography bursts were characterized by the analysis of various burst characteristics, including number of bursts, total power, and peak frequency of power density spectrum. Intergroup differences were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, and linear relationships between data were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The burst frequency (number/30 minutes) and power density spectrum peak frequency increased steeply to peak levels at a cervical dilation of about 3 cm. However, the electromyography burst power reached peak levels at a cervical dilation of 5–7 cm. The correlations of the frequency of bursts (R=0.934, P<0.001), power (R=0.890, P<0.001), and power density spectrum peak frequency (R=0.972, P<0.001) with cervical changes were significant. Conclusions: Uterine electromyography effectively quantifies the contribution of uterine muscle electrical activity to the advancement of cervical dilation with the progression of labor. This study suggests that the dilation of the cervix is related to uterine electricity activity, helping to clarify the labor process.","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.3.025
C. Vaineau, K. Nirgianakis, Thomas Andrieu, B. McKinnon, S. Imboden, D. Michael, Mueller
Leptin Levels in Abstract Background: Leptin has been proposed as a biomarker for endometriosis. Previous studies have shown mixed results. The aim of this study was to compare peritoneal fluid (PF) leptin concentrations between patients with and without endometriosis in a cohort of sufficient size to detect a significant difference. Methods: Patients of reproductive age undergoing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis or other benign indications in the Department of Gynecology, University of Bern between 2007 and 2018 were recruited. Peritoneal fluid was aspirated at laparoscopy and the concentration of leptin measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptin concentrations were compared between patients with and without endometriosis by an analysis of covariance. Results: 1054 patients were included in the analysis, of which 653 patients were diagnosed with endometriosis. Leptin concentrations strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (R²=0.313; F (1,1033)=470.73, p<0.001). After correcting for BMI, no difference was found in leptin concentrations between patients with and without endometriosis (p=0.051). Conclusion: Peritoneal fluid leptin concentrations correlated with BMI, but did not significantly differ between patients with and without endometriosis. This suggests leptin does not represent a viable biomarker for endometriosis.
{"title":"Peritoneal Fluid Leptin Levels in Endometriosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"C. Vaineau, K. Nirgianakis, Thomas Andrieu, B. McKinnon, S. Imboden, D. Michael, Mueller","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.3.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.3.025","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin Levels in Abstract Background: Leptin has been proposed as a biomarker for endometriosis. Previous studies have shown mixed results. The aim of this study was to compare peritoneal fluid (PF) leptin concentrations between patients with and without endometriosis in a cohort of sufficient size to detect a significant difference. Methods: Patients of reproductive age undergoing laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis or other benign indications in the Department of Gynecology, University of Bern between 2007 and 2018 were recruited. Peritoneal fluid was aspirated at laparoscopy and the concentration of leptin measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptin concentrations were compared between patients with and without endometriosis by an analysis of covariance. Results: 1054 patients were included in the analysis, of which 653 patients were diagnosed with endometriosis. Leptin concentrations strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (R²=0.313; F (1,1033)=470.73, p<0.001). After correcting for BMI, no difference was found in leptin concentrations between patients with and without endometriosis (p=0.051). Conclusion: Peritoneal fluid leptin concentrations correlated with BMI, but did not significantly differ between patients with and without endometriosis. This suggests leptin does not represent a viable biomarker for endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.2.021
N. Burger, N. Abdulrahman, M. D. Boer, G. Fons, J. Huirne
Results: Ten patients suffered from cerclage related complications after trachelectomy. The cerclage position was examined by transvaginal ultrasound. Cerclages were displaced after (i) trachelectomy (n=6), (ii) cesarean section following trachelectomy (n=2) and (iii) trachelectomy and cesarean section, complicated by a uterine niche (n=2). Five patients were pregnant at diagnosis of cerclage displacement: four patients presented with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) in the second trimester and one patient underwent trachelectomy in the late first trimester, complicated by an intrauterine infection and cerclage migration to the vagina. All five pregnancies were terminated because of intrauterine infection and/or poor fetal prognosis after removal of the dislocated cerclage. Cerclages were removed vaginally (n=7), hysteroscopically (n=2) or laparoscopically (n=1). Five patients were not pregnant at diagnosis of cerclage displacement: three patients presented with gynecological symptoms and two patients presented with subfertility with the cerclage located in the uterine niche.
{"title":"Cerclage Related Complications after Trachelectomy: A Retrospective Case Series","authors":"N. Burger, N. Abdulrahman, M. D. Boer, G. Fons, J. Huirne","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.2.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.2.021","url":null,"abstract":"Results: Ten patients suffered from cerclage related complications after trachelectomy. The cerclage position was examined by transvaginal ultrasound. Cerclages were displaced after (i) trachelectomy (n=6), (ii) cesarean section following trachelectomy (n=2) and (iii) trachelectomy and cesarean section, complicated by a uterine niche (n=2). Five patients were pregnant at diagnosis of cerclage displacement: four patients presented with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) in the second trimester and one patient underwent trachelectomy in the late first trimester, complicated by an intrauterine infection and cerclage migration to the vagina. All five pregnancies were terminated because of intrauterine infection and/or poor fetal prognosis after removal of the dislocated cerclage. Cerclages were removed vaginally (n=7), hysteroscopically (n=2) or laparoscopically (n=1). Five patients were not pregnant at diagnosis of cerclage displacement: three patients presented with gynecological symptoms and two patients presented with subfertility with the cerclage located in the uterine niche.","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.2.020
C. Swartling, H. Naver, Philip Cabreus
Postmenopausal hyperhidrosis (PMH) is an important differential diagnosis to vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in menopause. The objective is to describe the differences in clinical presentation and treatment of the two conditions. Patients suffering from PMH represent a unique cohort of patients with primary hyperhidrosis and should therefore not be treated in the same way as those displaying VMS during menopause. Postmenopausal hyperhidrosis is a neglected differential diagnosis to the common VMS in menopause. The two diagnoses have similarities but also distinct differences in presentation. However, the treatments of the diagnoses differ substantially. This review explains the differences in clinical presentation and treatments and suggests botulinum toxin type B in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms due to anti-oestrogen therapy. Swartling C, Naver H, Cabreus P. Postmenopausal Hyperhidrosis and Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopause Should be Treated Differently – A Narrative Review. Arch Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 2(3): 57-63. Arch Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Volume 2, Issue 3 58 These are controlled by nuclei in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The eccrine sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic fibres with acetylcholine as transmitters. Important co-transmitters in the postganglionic sweat fibres are VIP (vasoactive peptide) and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which with vasodilation and increased vasopermeability provide extravasation of plasma to the sweat glands, which via the sweat exits later becomes a hypotonic salt-containing sweat. While sweat eliminates heat by way of evaporation, where one millilitre of evaporated sweat corresponds to 0.58 kcal energy reduction, redirected blood flow to the skin does so by radiating excess heat to a cooler (< 37°Celsius) environment [3]. Thermoregulatory vasodilation is regulated via reduced stimulation of adrenergic receptors, but the neuropeptides in the nerve endings of the sweat glands can also play a role [1]. Primary Hyperhidrosis Primary hyperhidrosis is an inherited disability in 4.8% of the population and produces a major negative impact on quality of life [4]. The condition is characterised by low thresholds for stimuli such as stress (arousal), heat and exertion, in the sweat-regulating systems of the central nervous system (CNS), which in addition to the hypothalamus also include the limbic system and frontal cortex [5]. Arousal leads to a pathologically increased sympathetic outflow to the sweat glands in patients with hyperhidrosis compared to a normohidrotic control group [6]. Sweat in the palms of hand and soles of the feet, as well as in the paws of many mammals, is crucial for the grip function during “fight and flight”, which explains why nuclei in the limbic system are sweat-regulating and that stress can be a deteriorating factor in patients with mainly thermoregulatory hyperhidrosis which is found on large body surfaces, such as the head and torso. Age of onset varies: hands-feet often
{"title":"Postmenopausal Hyperhidrosis and Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopause Should be Treated Differently – A Narrative Review","authors":"C. Swartling, H. Naver, Philip Cabreus","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.2.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.2.020","url":null,"abstract":"Postmenopausal hyperhidrosis (PMH) is an important differential diagnosis to vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in menopause. The objective is to describe the differences in clinical presentation and treatment of the two conditions. Patients suffering from PMH represent a unique cohort of patients with primary hyperhidrosis and should therefore not be treated in the same way as those displaying VMS during menopause. Postmenopausal hyperhidrosis is a neglected differential diagnosis to the common VMS in menopause. The two diagnoses have similarities but also distinct differences in presentation. However, the treatments of the diagnoses differ substantially. This review explains the differences in clinical presentation and treatments and suggests botulinum toxin type B in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms due to anti-oestrogen therapy. Swartling C, Naver H, Cabreus P. Postmenopausal Hyperhidrosis and Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopause Should be Treated Differently – A Narrative Review. Arch Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 2(3): 57-63. Arch Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Volume 2, Issue 3 58 These are controlled by nuclei in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The eccrine sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic fibres with acetylcholine as transmitters. Important co-transmitters in the postganglionic sweat fibres are VIP (vasoactive peptide) and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which with vasodilation and increased vasopermeability provide extravasation of plasma to the sweat glands, which via the sweat exits later becomes a hypotonic salt-containing sweat. While sweat eliminates heat by way of evaporation, where one millilitre of evaporated sweat corresponds to 0.58 kcal energy reduction, redirected blood flow to the skin does so by radiating excess heat to a cooler (< 37°Celsius) environment [3]. Thermoregulatory vasodilation is regulated via reduced stimulation of adrenergic receptors, but the neuropeptides in the nerve endings of the sweat glands can also play a role [1]. Primary Hyperhidrosis Primary hyperhidrosis is an inherited disability in 4.8% of the population and produces a major negative impact on quality of life [4]. The condition is characterised by low thresholds for stimuli such as stress (arousal), heat and exertion, in the sweat-regulating systems of the central nervous system (CNS), which in addition to the hypothalamus also include the limbic system and frontal cortex [5]. Arousal leads to a pathologically increased sympathetic outflow to the sweat glands in patients with hyperhidrosis compared to a normohidrotic control group [6]. Sweat in the palms of hand and soles of the feet, as well as in the paws of many mammals, is crucial for the grip function during “fight and flight”, which explains why nuclei in the limbic system are sweat-regulating and that stress can be a deteriorating factor in patients with mainly thermoregulatory hyperhidrosis which is found on large body surfaces, such as the head and torso. Age of onset varies: hands-feet often","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.33696/gynaecology.2.023
F. Pepe, Paolo Santoro, M. Monteleone, G. Insalaco
RASopathies are a clinical spectrum of diseases due to germline mutation in components or regulators of the RASMEK-ERK pathways. They include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Legis syndrome, cardio faciocutaneous syndrome, capillary malformationarteriovenous syndrome, gingival fibromatosis and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome [1]. Altogether these syndrome affects 1:1,000 newborns [2]. Each syndrome has distinct clinical aspects, although some characteristics are overlapping needing molecular diagnosis.
{"title":"Reproductive Issues in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: An Update","authors":"F. Pepe, Paolo Santoro, M. Monteleone, G. Insalaco","doi":"10.33696/gynaecology.2.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.2.023","url":null,"abstract":"RASopathies are a clinical spectrum of diseases due to germline mutation in components or regulators of the RASMEK-ERK pathways. They include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Legis syndrome, cardio faciocutaneous syndrome, capillary malformationarteriovenous syndrome, gingival fibromatosis and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome [1]. Altogether these syndrome affects 1:1,000 newborns [2]. Each syndrome has distinct clinical aspects, although some characteristics are overlapping needing molecular diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":93076,"journal":{"name":"Archives of obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48577950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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