A. Rokohl, A. Kopecký, P. A. W. Matos, Yongwei Guo, V. Kakkassery, L. Heindl
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors overall and even the most common malignant tumors in ophthalmology. In most cases, surgical resection followed by an ophthalmoplastic reconstruction is the current gold standard for the treatment of periocular BCC. Histopathologic analysis can be performed both as a frozen section examination, Mohs micrographic surgery, or as a rapid embedding analysis, depending on the surgeon’s preference or the in-house standard. A histopathologic workup is essential not only for confirming the diagnosis and determining resection status but especially for identifying infiltrating growing subtypes, as this also influences postoperative follow-up and prognosis. A wide range of various reconstruction methods allow individualized defect coverage with mostly good cosmetically and functionally results. The basic principle is to restore the anatomy with an anterior and posterior eyelid lamella. The selection of the appropriate technique depends not only on the vertical and horizontal defect size, defect localization, or potential eyelid edge involvement but also significantly on the patient’s age, available tissue (e.g., skin), the patient’s preference, and especially the surgeon’s experience. For smaller, partial, or penetrating defects, direct wound closure can be performed. However, for greater defects more complex reconstruction techniques including Tenzel’s rotational plasty, Hughes flap, CutlerBeard plastic, Mustardé lid Switch flap, tarsomarginal grafts according to Huebner, or V-Y glabella flap are necessary, dependently on the size and the location of the defect. However, in advanced findings with infiltration of the orbit, orbital exenteration is unavoidable in some cases. Postoperative regular follow-up is essential to identify potential complications in an early stage.
基底细胞癌(Basal cell carcinoma, BCC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是眼科最常见的恶性肿瘤。在大多数情况下，手术切除后眼球成形术重建是目前治疗眼周基底细胞癌的金标准。组织病理学分析既可以作为冷冻切片检查，莫氏显微摄影手术，也可以作为快速包埋分析，这取决于外科医生的偏好或内部标准。组织病理学检查不仅对于确认诊断和确定切除状态至关重要，而且对于确定浸润性生长亚型尤为重要，因为这也影响术后随访和预后。广泛的各种重建方法允许个性化的缺陷覆盖，大多数是良好的美容和功能的结果。基本原理是用前、后睑板恢复解剖结构。选择合适的技术不仅取决于垂直和水平缺损的大小、缺损的位置或潜在的眼睑边缘受损伤，而且还取决于患者的年龄、可用的组织(如皮肤)、患者的偏好，尤其是外科医生的经验。对于较小的、局部的或穿透性的缺陷，可以直接缝合伤口。然而，对于更大的缺陷，根据缺陷的大小和位置，需要更复杂的重建技术，包括Tenzel旋转成形术、Hughes皮瓣、cultlerbeard塑料、mustardshall lid Switch皮瓣、Huebner的睑缘移植物或V-Y眉骨瓣。然而，在眼眶浸润的晚期发现，在某些情况下，眼眶摘除是不可避免的。术后定期随访对于早期发现潜在并发症至关重要。
{"title":"Complex techniques of eyelid reconstruction following extensive basal cell carcinoma resection","authors":"A. Rokohl, A. Kopecký, P. A. W. Matos, Yongwei Guo, V. Kakkassery, L. Heindl","doi":"10.21037/FOMM-21-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/FOMM-21-11","url":null,"abstract":"Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors overall and even the most common malignant tumors in ophthalmology. In most cases, surgical resection followed by an ophthalmoplastic reconstruction is the current gold standard for the treatment of periocular BCC. Histopathologic analysis can be performed both as a frozen section examination, Mohs micrographic surgery, or as a rapid embedding analysis, depending on the surgeon’s preference or the in-house standard. A histopathologic workup is essential not only for confirming the diagnosis and determining resection status but especially for identifying infiltrating growing subtypes, as this also influences postoperative follow-up and prognosis. A wide range of various reconstruction methods allow individualized defect coverage with mostly good cosmetically and functionally results. The basic principle is to restore the anatomy with an anterior and posterior eyelid lamella. The selection of the appropriate technique depends not only on the vertical and horizontal defect size, defect localization, or potential eyelid edge involvement but also significantly on the patient’s age, available tissue (e.g., skin), the patient’s preference, and especially the surgeon’s experience. For smaller, partial, or penetrating defects, direct wound closure can be performed. However, for greater defects more complex reconstruction techniques including Tenzel’s rotational plasty, Hughes flap, CutlerBeard plastic, Mustardé lid Switch flap, tarsomarginal grafts according to Huebner, or V-Y glabella flap are necessary, dependently on the size and the location of the defect. However, in advanced findings with infiltration of the orbit, orbital exenteration is unavoidable in some cases. Postoperative regular follow-up is essential to identify potential complications in an early stage.","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45415879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Correia Cavalcante, Otávio Giambarresi Delorenzi, L. Klüppel
: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term postoperative skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery with counter-clockwise rotation (CCWR) or with clockwise rotation (CWR) of the maxillo-mandibular complex. Three patients were submitted to orthognathic surgery associated with CCWR and CWR. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained in centric relation for each patient, one day before surgery (T1), 1 week after surgery (T2) and 1 year after surgery (T3). Cephalometric angles analysed were: SN-OP, SN-A, SN-B, SN-Pg, and SN-Ar. Angular changes on occlusal plane (OP), condylar position, maxilar, mandibular, and pogonium prognathism were analysed. Maxilar, mandibular, and pogonium prognathism linear changes were also recorded in millimeters. Patients had no signs and symptoms of temporo-mandibular joints pathology. Patients 1 and 2 were submitted to orthognathic surgery with CCWR. Patient 1 presented an OP decrease on T2, from 6.37° to 4.01°. On T3, however, a 2.17° relapse was observed. Patient 2 presented an OP decrease on T2, from 8.14° to 3.45°. On T3, however, a 0.54° relapse was observed. Patient 3 was submitted to orthognathic surgery with CWR. It was observed an increase in OP angulation on T2, from 6.16° to 16.13°. On T3, however, it was observed a 7.57° relapse. Regarding OP stability following orthognathic surgery with CCWR and CWR, results of the present article are consistent with of some previous published studies. More cases should be followed and more research in this area are necessary to validate these approaches to avoid unsuccessful cases or to anticipate unwanted results. vertical maxillary hypoplasia; anteroposterior mandibular hypoplasia; high mandibular plane angulation; and Class I, Class II (most common), or Class III malocclusion with or without an anterior bite. HOP individuals may benefit from a MMC counterclockwise rotation (CCWR). LOP facial type presents some features: decreased OP angle (<4°); low mandibular plane angle; prominent mandibular gonial angles; strong chin relative to mandibular dental alveolus; and Class I, Class II, or occasionally Class III relationships. Individuals with LOP facial types may benefit from a MMC clockwise rotation (CWR). Maxillo-mandibular complex is routinely expressed by a triangle, which can be rotated in or counter-clockwise
{"title":"Long-term skeletal stability following orthognathic surgery with counter-clockwise and clockwise rotation of the maxillo-mandibular complex: report of three cases","authors":"Rafael Correia Cavalcante, Otávio Giambarresi Delorenzi, L. Klüppel","doi":"10.21037/FOMM-20-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/FOMM-20-32","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term postoperative skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery with counter-clockwise rotation (CCWR) or with clockwise rotation (CWR) of the maxillo-mandibular complex. Three patients were submitted to orthognathic surgery associated with CCWR and CWR. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained in centric relation for each patient, one day before surgery (T1), 1 week after surgery (T2) and 1 year after surgery (T3). Cephalometric angles analysed were: SN-OP, SN-A, SN-B, SN-Pg, and SN-Ar. Angular changes on occlusal plane (OP), condylar position, maxilar, mandibular, and pogonium prognathism were analysed. Maxilar, mandibular, and pogonium prognathism linear changes were also recorded in millimeters. Patients had no signs and symptoms of temporo-mandibular joints pathology. Patients 1 and 2 were submitted to orthognathic surgery with CCWR. Patient 1 presented an OP decrease on T2, from 6.37° to 4.01°. On T3, however, a 2.17° relapse was observed. Patient 2 presented an OP decrease on T2, from 8.14° to 3.45°. On T3, however, a 0.54° relapse was observed. Patient 3 was submitted to orthognathic surgery with CWR. It was observed an increase in OP angulation on T2, from 6.16° to 16.13°. On T3, however, it was observed a 7.57° relapse. Regarding OP stability following orthognathic surgery with CCWR and CWR, results of the present article are consistent with of some previous published studies. More cases should be followed and more research in this area are necessary to validate these approaches to avoid unsuccessful cases or to anticipate unwanted results. vertical maxillary hypoplasia; anteroposterior mandibular hypoplasia; high mandibular plane angulation; and Class I, Class II (most common), or Class III malocclusion with or without an anterior bite. HOP individuals may benefit from a MMC counterclockwise rotation (CCWR). LOP facial type presents some features: decreased OP angle (<4°); low mandibular plane angle; prominent mandibular gonial angles; strong chin relative to mandibular dental alveolus; and Class I, Class II, or occasionally Class III relationships. Individuals with LOP facial types may benefit from a MMC clockwise rotation (CWR). Maxillo-mandibular complex is routinely expressed by a triangle, which can be rotated in or counter-clockwise","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edentulism (missing teeth) and brain central nervous system (CNS) deafferentation: a narrative review","authors":"Dani Stanbouly, Qingcong Zeng, Y. Jou, S. Chuang","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Siqueira, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, R. Pereira, E. Hochuli-Vieira, P. N. Lisboa-Filho, Ciro Borges Duailibe de Deus, R. Okamoto
{"title":"Different responses of heterogeneous graft presentations in bone reconstructions during sinus lift elevation surgery: an immunolabeling and histomorphometric study performed in rabbits","authors":"N. Siqueira, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, R. Pereira, E. Hochuli-Vieira, P. N. Lisboa-Filho, Ciro Borges Duailibe de Deus, R. Okamoto","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42490130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Martins Ferreira, William Phillip Pereira da Silva, Felipe R. Ferreira, Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira, Paulo Fukasji Yamaguti, L. A. Delanora, A. Consolaro, L. Faverani
{"title":"Oral rehabilitation through the application of a xenogenous bone graft prior to placement of a dental implant: a case report with 9 years of follow-up","authors":"Paulo Martins Ferreira, William Phillip Pereira da Silva, Felipe R. Ferreira, Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira, Paulo Fukasji Yamaguti, L. A. Delanora, A. Consolaro, L. Faverani","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48120340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons learned from the multidisciplinary UK National Flap Registry initiative and plans for the future","authors":"Michael Ho, A. Schache, M. Nugent, A. Hazari","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48134011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mucosal neuroma (MN) is a benign neural tumor of peripheral nerves histologically characterized by irregular tortuous bundles of nerve cells with prominent perineurium that lie scattered throughout the submucosa. The tumor is usually associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) but rarely occurs without the other components of MEN 2B. A 29-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department with an upper anterior teeth gingiva painless mass for 2-year. Intraoral examination revealed a small, tough, basal wide, well-defined mass in the labial gingival papilla between maxillary central incisor. Excisional biopsy showed that it was characterized by nerve bundles in various sizes surrounded by normal connective tissue in the submucosa under HE staining; Immunohistochemically, the mass showed strongly positive staining of S-100 protein, NSE, NF and weakly positive of EMA. The Laboratory examination and ultrasonography showed no signs of MEN 2B. In the first and second 6 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence and other components of MEN 2B. The patient was asymptomatic and she is still being followed up every 6 months. Based on these features, the lesion was finally diagnosed as a solitary gingival MN. In summary, this study showed a rare solitary MN in the gingiva papilla without MEN 2B that has not been reported yet. The histopathological evaluation can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of MN. It is hoped that a greater understanding of solitary MN without MEN 2B in the oral cavity will avoid potential misdiagnosis, and contribute to determining the correct management, which appears to be complete surgical excision with close follow-up for recurrence and other components of MEN 2B surveillance.
{"title":"Solitary mucosal neuroma of the gingiva without multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: a rare case report and literature review","authors":"C. Qiu, Lizhen Wang, Huiwen Chen, Zhongchen Song","doi":"10.21037/fomm-20-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-20-80","url":null,"abstract":"Mucosal neuroma (MN) is a benign neural tumor of peripheral nerves histologically characterized by irregular tortuous bundles of nerve cells with prominent perineurium that lie scattered throughout the submucosa. The tumor is usually associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) but rarely occurs without the other components of MEN 2B. A 29-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department with an upper anterior teeth gingiva painless mass for 2-year. Intraoral examination revealed a small, tough, basal wide, well-defined mass in the labial gingival papilla between maxillary central incisor. Excisional biopsy showed that it was characterized by nerve bundles in various sizes surrounded by normal connective tissue in the submucosa under HE staining; Immunohistochemically, the mass showed strongly positive staining of S-100 protein, NSE, NF and weakly positive of EMA. The Laboratory examination and ultrasonography showed no signs of MEN 2B. In the first and second 6 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence and other components of MEN 2B. The patient was asymptomatic and she is still being followed up every 6 months. Based on these features, the lesion was finally diagnosed as a solitary gingival MN. In summary, this study showed a rare solitary MN in the gingiva papilla without MEN 2B that has not been reported yet. The histopathological evaluation can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of MN. It is hoped that a greater understanding of solitary MN without MEN 2B in the oral cavity will avoid potential misdiagnosis, and contribute to determining the correct management, which appears to be complete surgical excision with close follow-up for recurrence and other components of MEN 2B surveillance.","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44455743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The implant-abutment connection and its impact on prevention of peri-implant diseases and crestal bone stability—an academic and clinical evaluation of the literature","authors":"G. Romanos","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narrative review: craniofacial bone regeneration—where are we now?","authors":"Hadi Khazaal, J. Helman","doi":"10.21037/fomm-21-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/fomm-21-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93098,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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