{"title":"\"Wellbore instability prediction and performance analysis using Poroelastic modeling\"","authors":"Ing Mohamed Halafawi, Ing Lazar Avram","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74092870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The choice of adsorption model to use when accounting for gas adsorption in shale gas reservoirs is critical especially for Gas in Place (OGIP) calculations since inaccurate predictions can affect reporting of overall gas reserves. To that end, different adsorption models would have to be compared and evaluated in order to select the model that fits experimental data accurately. In examining the effect of using different error criteria for determining parameters for shale gas adsorption models, a statistically robust error analysis has been performed based on the sum of normalised error (SNE). Most shale gas adsorption modelling are conducted without finding out the most appropriate error function to use which introduces adsorption prediction errors in calculations. Five different error analysis were used including Sum of squared error (SSE), average relative error (ARE), the sum of absolute error (SAE), Marquardt’s Percent standard Deviation (MPSD), and Hybrid fractional error (HYBRID). To account for the influence of temperature in adsorption capacities, the study also compares the use of temperature dependent models, such as Exponential and Bi-Langmuir models for gas adsorption. These models can be conducted at multiple temperatures and ensure adsorption data can be obtained at any temperature beyond laboratory conditions. This is particularly useful when conducting thermal stimulation as an enhanced gas recovery in both coal/shale gas reservoirs. Journal of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Sciences Submit your Article | www.ologypress.com/submit-article Ology Press Citation: Fianu J, Gholinezhad J, Hassan M. Comparison of Single, Binary and Temperature-Dependent Adsorption Models Based on Error Function Analysis. J Oil Gas Petrochem Sci. (2019);2(2):77-91. DOI: 10.30881/jogps.00027 78 function of pressure, but also of temperature. Section 2 of this study is, therefore, focused on describing the various single component systems, multi-component systems and finally temperature-dependent models used in the modelling of shale gas adsorption. Several works have been conducted on adsorption modelling without taking into consideration the choice of error function used in optimising the adsorption model.6,9,20–22 This often results in only one set of adsorption constants for the adsorption models being used without any serious interrogation to how accurately it fits the adsorption model to experimental data. According to Sreńscek-Nazzal et al.,23 very few detailed studies have been conducted on comparing the accuracy of the error functions used in modelling gas adsorption and also the accuracy of the predicted isotherm parameters. No study has however looked at comparing different error functions on modelling gas adsorption in shale gas reservoirs. In minimising the difference between the experimental data and the predicted results from the adsorption models, several error functions have been proposed and applied to predict optimal isotherms including sum
当考虑页岩气藏中的气体吸附时,使用的吸附模型的选择至关重要,特别是对于就地天然气(OGIP)的计算,因为不准确的预测会影响总体天然气储量的报告。为此,必须对不同的吸附模型进行比较和评估,以便选择准确符合实验数据的模型。在研究使用不同误差标准确定页岩气吸附模型参数的影响时,基于归一化误差(SNE)的总和进行了统计上稳健的误差分析。大多数页岩气的吸附建模都没有找到最合适的误差函数,这在计算中引入了吸附预测误差。采用了五种不同的误差分析方法,包括误差平方和(SSE)、平均相对误差(ARE)、绝对误差和(SAE)、马夸特百分比标准差(MPSD)和混合分数误差(Hybrid)。为了考虑温度对吸附能力的影响,该研究还比较了温度依赖模型的使用,例如气体吸附的指数模型和Bi-Langmuir模型。这些模型可以在多个温度下进行,并确保在超出实验室条件的任何温度下都可以获得吸附数据。当在煤/页岩气藏中进行热增产以提高天然气采收率时,这一点尤其有用。引用本文:Fianu J, Gholinezhad J, Hassan M.基于误差函数分析的单、二元和温度依赖吸附模型比较。[J]石油天然气与石油化学。(2019); 2(2): 77 - 91。DOI: 10.30881 / jogps。有压力功能,也有温度功能。因此,本研究的第2节将重点描述用于页岩气吸附建模的各种单组分系统、多组分系统以及最后的温度依赖模型。在没有考虑优化吸附模型时使用的误差函数的选择的情况下,已经进行了一些吸附建模工作。6,9,20 - 22这通常导致使用的吸附模型只有一组吸附常数,而没有对吸附模型与实验数据的拟合程度进行认真的质疑。根据Sreńscek-Nazzal等人的说法,23很少有详细的研究比较用于模拟气体吸附的误差函数的准确性以及预测等温线参数的准确性。然而,目前还没有研究对页岩气藏气体吸附模型的不同误差函数进行比较。为了使实验数据与吸附模型预测结果之间的差异最小化,提出了几种误差函数,并将其应用于预测最佳等温线,包括平方和误差(SSE)、平均相对误差(ARE)、绝对误差和(SAE)、马夸特百分比标准偏差(MPSD)和混合分数误差(Hybrid)。页岩气吸附模型Langmuir等温线Langmuir等温线是应用最广泛的吸附等温线之一朗缪尔等温线的一个关键假设是,必须有一个均匀的表面,相邻分子之间没有相互作用。然而,即使在煤或页岩系统中,这也是一个难以应用的概念,因为它们内部的有机物质在化学上是不均匀的Langmuir等温线由下式给出:1 L V bp V bp = +式1其中V为P压力下吸附气体的体积,lv为无限压力下的Langmuir体积或最大气体吸附量,b为Langmuir常数。BET等温线模型是由Stephen Brunauer, P.H. Emmet和Edward teller于1938年提出的。27在推导该等温线时使用的一个关键假设是有机碳表面的吸附层是无限的。对于相对平坦和无孔的表面,使用朗缪尔等温线通常是无效的。通常认为BET等温线更适合描述某些页岩气储层的吸附过程BET方程为
{"title":"Comparison of Single, Binary and Temperature-Dependent Adsorption Models Based on Error Function Analysis","authors":"J. Fianu, Jebraeel Gholinezhad, M. Sayed","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00027","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of adsorption model to use when accounting for gas adsorption in shale gas reservoirs is critical especially for Gas in Place (OGIP) calculations since inaccurate predictions can affect reporting of overall gas reserves. To that end, different adsorption models would have to be compared and evaluated in order to select the model that fits experimental data accurately. In examining the effect of using different error criteria for determining parameters for shale gas adsorption models, a statistically robust error analysis has been performed based on the sum of normalised error (SNE). Most shale gas adsorption modelling are conducted without finding out the most appropriate error function to use which introduces adsorption prediction errors in calculations. Five different error analysis were used including Sum of squared error (SSE), average relative error (ARE), the sum of absolute error (SAE), Marquardt’s Percent standard Deviation (MPSD), and Hybrid fractional error (HYBRID). To account for the influence of temperature in adsorption capacities, the study also compares the use of temperature dependent models, such as Exponential and Bi-Langmuir models for gas adsorption. These models can be conducted at multiple temperatures and ensure adsorption data can be obtained at any temperature beyond laboratory conditions. This is particularly useful when conducting thermal stimulation as an enhanced gas recovery in both coal/shale gas reservoirs. Journal of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Sciences Submit your Article | www.ologypress.com/submit-article Ology Press Citation: Fianu J, Gholinezhad J, Hassan M. Comparison of Single, Binary and Temperature-Dependent Adsorption Models Based on Error Function Analysis. J Oil Gas Petrochem Sci. (2019);2(2):77-91. DOI: 10.30881/jogps.00027 78 function of pressure, but also of temperature. Section 2 of this study is, therefore, focused on describing the various single component systems, multi-component systems and finally temperature-dependent models used in the modelling of shale gas adsorption. Several works have been conducted on adsorption modelling without taking into consideration the choice of error function used in optimising the adsorption model.6,9,20–22 This often results in only one set of adsorption constants for the adsorption models being used without any serious interrogation to how accurately it fits the adsorption model to experimental data. According to Sreńscek-Nazzal et al.,23 very few detailed studies have been conducted on comparing the accuracy of the error functions used in modelling gas adsorption and also the accuracy of the predicted isotherm parameters. No study has however looked at comparing different error functions on modelling gas adsorption in shale gas reservoirs. In minimising the difference between the experimental data and the predicted results from the adsorption models, several error functions have been proposed and applied to predict optimal isotherms including sum ","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A stochastic modeling of the formation of cavitation bubbles on a specific example is proposed. In this case, the initial stage of hydrodynamic cavitation in the flow part of the axial valve, the separator, was studied. A distinctive feature of this regulating device is the external location of the locking organ. An expression for the differential distribution function of the number of bubbles according to the degree of valve opening is obtained. The model takes into account the design and operating parameters of the axial valve, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the working environment.
{"title":"Stochastic simulation of cavitation bubbles formation in the axial valve separator influenced by degree of opening","authors":"A. Kapranova, A. Miadonye","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00026","url":null,"abstract":"A stochastic modeling of the formation of cavitation bubbles on a specific example is proposed. In this case, the initial stage of hydrodynamic cavitation in the flow part of the axial valve, the separator, was studied. A distinctive feature of this regulating device is the external location of the locking organ. An expression for the differential distribution function of the number of bubbles according to the degree of valve opening is obtained. The model takes into account the design and operating parameters of the axial valve, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the working environment.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81310142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors acknowledgethe Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) Nigeria for sponsoring this project. Special thanks to Christie Judith, and members of Computer Modelling Group (CMG) for technical support on the use of CMG-GEM software for this study.
{"title":"Horizontal versus vertical wells interference in hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs","authors":"Samuel Igba, Lateef T. Akanji, Toochukwu Onwuliri","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00025","url":null,"abstract":"The authors acknowledgethe Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) Nigeria for sponsoring this project. Special thanks to Christie Judith, and members of Computer Modelling Group (CMG) for technical support on the use of CMG-GEM software for this study.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75428388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horizontal wellbore profile and trajectory optimization without hole problems are considered the most essential part in well planning and design. In this paper, a long radius horizontal well was trajectory optimized by selecting horizontal profile, kick off point (KOP), horizontal turn trajectory, vertical turn determination, and mud weights. After that, in order to design 3D profile, the Minimum Curvature Method (MCM)was used for survey determination. Moreover, the best well orientation was selected based on rock mechanics and wellbore stability so that the optimum trajectory could be drilled without instability problems. Real horizontal well passed through 5 targets: NRQ 255 6H-1, NRQ 255 6H-2, NRQ 255 6H-3, NRQ 255 6H-4, and NRQ 255 6H-5 are studied. The planned trajectory has found the same as real trajectory until 9 5/8” casing is landed to true vertical depth (TVD) =7230 ft. and measured depth (MD) =7343.6 ft. However, during drilling 8.5’’ hole, it was impossible to continue drilling due to the drillstring being stuck because of caved shale and hole pack off. Wellbore trajectory was redesigned and selected after building new wellbore stability and geomechanical stress models using logging while drilling (LWD) data. A 6’’ sidetrack hole was successfully drilled and hit the five targets horizontally.
{"title":"Wellbore trajectory optimization for horizontal wells: the plan versus the reality","authors":"Mohamed Halafawi, L. Avram","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal wellbore profile and trajectory optimization without hole problems are considered the most essential part in well planning and design. In this paper, a long radius horizontal well was trajectory optimized by selecting horizontal profile, kick off point (KOP), horizontal turn trajectory, vertical turn determination, and mud weights. After that, in order to design 3D profile, the Minimum Curvature Method (MCM)was used for survey determination. Moreover, the best well orientation was selected based on rock mechanics and wellbore stability so that the optimum trajectory could be drilled without instability problems. Real horizontal well passed through 5 targets: NRQ 255 6H-1, NRQ 255 6H-2, NRQ 255 6H-3, NRQ 255 6H-4, and NRQ 255 6H-5 are studied. The planned trajectory has found the same as real trajectory until 9 5/8” casing is landed to true vertical depth (TVD) =7230 ft. and measured depth (MD) =7343.6 ft. However, during drilling 8.5’’ hole, it was impossible to continue drilling due to the drillstring being stuck because of caved shale and hole pack off. Wellbore trajectory was redesigned and selected after building new wellbore stability and geomechanical stress models using logging while drilling (LWD) data. A 6’’ sidetrack hole was successfully drilled and hit the five targets horizontally.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84171634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In China, in-situ combustion has been widely used in heavy oil reservoirs due to its advantages, such as less thermal loss along the well bore, wider applicability range, higher displacement efficiency and so on. In order to operate the in-situ combustion successfully, it is necessary to fully require adequate production performance information. According to the principle and characteristics of in-situ combustion, dynamic analysis of in-situ combustion has been used to analyze the changes of some parameters, and corresponding rules on changes of these parameters have been achieved. Combining these drawn rules from previous results, such as reservoir pressure, produced gas compositions and combustion front position, with the developing requirements of the oil field, it is feasible to make necessary adjustments to enhance heavy oil recovery and increase profitability. Dynamic analysis on Gao 3-6-18 oil block, the main part of in-situ combustion pilot test reservoir in Liaohe Oilfield, was utilized to illustrate the feasibility of this dynamic analysis approach on evaluation of in-situ combustion performance for heavy oil production.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis approach to evaluate in-situ combustion performance for heavy oil production","authors":"Jia Yao, Yiming Song","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00023","url":null,"abstract":"In China, in-situ combustion has been widely used in heavy oil reservoirs due to its advantages, such as less thermal loss along the well bore, wider applicability range, higher displacement efficiency and so on. In order to operate the in-situ combustion successfully, it is necessary to fully require adequate production performance information. According to the principle and characteristics of in-situ combustion, dynamic analysis of in-situ combustion has been used to analyze the changes of some parameters, and corresponding rules on changes of these parameters have been achieved. Combining these drawn rules from previous results, such as reservoir pressure, produced gas compositions and combustion front position, with the developing requirements of the oil field, it is feasible to make necessary adjustments to enhance heavy oil recovery and increase profitability. Dynamic analysis on Gao 3-6-18 oil block, the main part of in-situ combustion pilot test reservoir in Liaohe Oilfield, was utilized to illustrate the feasibility of this dynamic analysis approach on evaluation of in-situ combustion performance for heavy oil production.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77496742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microfacies analysis of limestone deposits from Arochukwu – Obotme – Odoro Ikpe Axis has been carried out complimented with biostratigraphic and sedimentological analysis. Fieldwork and Laboratory techniques employed are standard methods as used in limestone petrography (preparation of the limestone thin sections), sedimentological and biostratigraphic studies. Petrographic analysis results indicate that the limestone is made up of between 80% and 60% allochems while cements make up between 19% and 38% respectively. The allochems consists of shell fragments, whole pelecypod shells, algal grains, diatoms, foraminiferids, whole gastropods shells, bryozoans, ostracods, crinoids and coral fragments in addition to ooids/peloids, quartz grains, intraclasts and phosphate grains that make up the limestone. The cement type is interpreted as sparite and porosity type is interparticle and fracture. Important fossils identified in the limestone samples include Anomalinoides sp, Textularia sp, ostracods, pelecypods, gastropods and corals which occur either as whole skeletal forms or as fragments. Based on the microfacies characteristics, the limestone in the study area are sandy bioclastic packstone, bioclastic packstone and bioclastic wackstone bioclastic wackstone / bioclastic packstone at Locations 5 (Amuvi), (Obotme) – 2, (Asaga) 3 and 4 (Okobo) and sandstone with about 10% shell fragments at Location 2 (Odoro Ikpe), – sandy bioclastic packstone. Two microfacies identified in the study area which correspond to SMF 5 and SMF 9. The environment of deposition is interpreted as normal marine, subtidal to shallow shelf which is consistent with shallow inner neritic to middle neritic interpreted from biostratigraphy (foraminifera and palynomorphs) identified in the limestone and associated shale samples.
{"title":"Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of limestone deposits: Arochukwu – Obotme – Odorikpe axis southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Ideozu, Ikoro, Akpofure","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Microfacies analysis of limestone deposits from Arochukwu – Obotme – Odoro Ikpe Axis has been carried out complimented with biostratigraphic and sedimentological analysis. Fieldwork and Laboratory techniques employed are standard methods as used in limestone petrography (preparation of the limestone thin sections), sedimentological and biostratigraphic studies. Petrographic analysis results indicate that the limestone is made up of between 80% and 60% allochems while cements make up between 19% and 38% respectively. The allochems consists of shell fragments, whole pelecypod shells, algal grains, diatoms, foraminiferids, whole gastropods shells, bryozoans, ostracods, crinoids and coral fragments in addition to ooids/peloids, quartz grains, intraclasts and phosphate grains that make up the limestone. The cement type is interpreted as sparite and porosity type is interparticle and fracture. Important fossils identified in the limestone samples include Anomalinoides sp, Textularia sp, ostracods, pelecypods, gastropods and corals which occur either as whole skeletal forms or as fragments. Based on the microfacies characteristics, the limestone in the study area are sandy bioclastic packstone, bioclastic packstone and bioclastic wackstone bioclastic wackstone / bioclastic packstone at Locations 5 (Amuvi), (Obotme) – 2, (Asaga) 3 and 4 (Okobo) and sandstone with about 10% shell fragments at Location 2 (Odoro Ikpe), – sandy bioclastic packstone. Two microfacies identified in the study area which correspond to SMF 5 and SMF 9. The environment of deposition is interpreted as normal marine, subtidal to shallow shelf which is consistent with shallow inner neritic to middle neritic interpreted from biostratigraphy (foraminifera and palynomorphs) identified in the limestone and associated shale samples.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"557 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85764527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loss Prevention techniques in hydrocarbon facilities are to prevent personal injury or loss of life, to protect the installation from fire, explosion, and operational safety hazards inherent to the facilities and Protection of the environment by early detection of hazardous conditions and the subsequent shutdown, vapor depressurizing, and ventilation of hydrocarbons. The loss prevention philosophy is normally formulated based on a maximum of one major incident occurring at any one time, and the premise that hazards can arise in any section of the facility, in varying degrees of magnitude, and from a variety of sources. On normally-manned[1] facilities, personnel are trained to manage operational activities with the highest regard for safe procedures and to react appropriately in the event of emergencies. The safety of the facility requires that the plant is inspected and maintained, safe procedures are used and improved based on experience, to minimize the probability of occurrence of hazardous conditions. On un-manned facilities[2], fire protection systems are provided based on a formal risk assessment which shows them to be necessary. This article focuses on the loss prevention philosophy implemented in a hydro carbon facility for safe operation of the facility either during manned operations or unmanned operations by focusing on parameters such as the design strategy adopted while designing the facility (such as facility layout, fire protection, flaring design, drains design), areas classifications inside the facility that is designed, escape and evacuation route, climate control etc.
{"title":"Loss prevention in hydrocarbon facilities","authors":"N. Menon","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00021","url":null,"abstract":"Loss Prevention techniques in hydrocarbon facilities are to prevent personal injury or loss of life, to protect the installation from fire, explosion, and operational safety hazards inherent to the facilities and Protection of the environment by early detection of hazardous conditions and the subsequent shutdown, vapor depressurizing, and ventilation of hydrocarbons. The loss prevention philosophy is normally formulated based on a maximum of one major incident occurring at any one time, and the premise that hazards can arise in any section of the facility, in varying degrees of magnitude, and from a variety of sources. On normally-manned[1] facilities, personnel are trained to manage operational activities with the highest regard for safe procedures and to react appropriately in the event of emergencies. The safety of the facility requires that the plant is inspected and maintained, safe procedures are used and improved based on experience, to minimize the probability of occurrence of hazardous conditions. On un-manned facilities[2], fire protection systems are provided based on a formal risk assessment which shows them to be necessary. This article focuses on the loss prevention philosophy implemented in a hydro carbon facility for safe operation of the facility either during manned operations or unmanned operations by focusing on parameters such as the design strategy adopted while designing the facility (such as facility layout, fire protection, flaring design, drains design), areas classifications inside the facility that is designed, escape and evacuation route, climate control etc.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89147737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In fractured vuggy reservoirs, the fracture scales differ and the fracture distribution is uneven, so fractures with varying scales may require different simulation methods. It is highly important to determine the fracture aperture limits, which are used to determine the fracture scale. In this paper, a uniform coarse grid and local refined grid are used separately in numerical simulations. The results of the two simulation approaches are compared and analyzed, based on which the fracture scale limit is determined. It is considered that the limit is reached when the two simulation results become significantly different. Based on the simulation result, it is concluded that the aperture limit of a large fracture in the numerical simulation of a fractured vuggy reservoir varies with the permeability of pores.
{"title":"Determination of Fracture Scale Limit in Numerical Simulations of Fractured Vuggy Reservoir","authors":"Donglia Zhang, Shuyue Cui, and Zhang Yun","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00019","url":null,"abstract":"In fractured vuggy reservoirs, the fracture scales differ and the fracture distribution is uneven, so fractures with varying scales may require different simulation methods. It is highly important to determine the fracture aperture limits, which are used to determine the fracture scale. In this paper, a uniform coarse grid and local refined grid are used separately in numerical simulations. The results of the two simulation approaches are compared and analyzed, based on which the fracture scale limit is determined. It is considered that the limit is reached when the two simulation results become significantly different. Based on the simulation result, it is concluded that the aperture limit of a large fracture in the numerical simulation of a fractured vuggy reservoir varies with the permeability of pores.","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80682405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation of the nonlinear dynamics of the interface between a kick gas fluid and mud system in a gas wellbore based on momentum conservation principle","authors":"M. Amadu, A. Miadonye","doi":"10.30881/JOGPS.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30881/JOGPS.00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oil, gas and petrochemical sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79628193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}