Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1530
P Kotha, M O Rake, D Willatt
{"title":"Liver damage induced by oxyphenisatin.","authors":"P Kotha, M O Rake, D Willatt","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17944362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calmodulin.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1510-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1714917/pdf/brmedj00050-0004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17318002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1542
D G Altman
A very important aspect of statistical method is the clear numerical and graphical presentation of results. Although many statistical textbooks and courses discuss simple visual methods such as histograms, bar charts, pie charts, and so on, they are usually introduced as descriptive or investigative techniques. It is uncommon to find discussion of how best to present the results of statistical analyses. This is surprising, since the interpretation of the results, both by the researcher and by later readers of the paper, may be critically dependent on the methods used to present the results. Little need be said here about the simple visual methods already mentioned-they are well covered by Huff.' The problems associated with graphs, however, are rather more important.
{"title":"Statistics and ethics in medical research. VI--Presentation of results.","authors":"D G Altman","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1542","url":null,"abstract":"A very important aspect of statistical method is the clear numerical and graphical presentation of results. Although many statistical textbooks and courses discuss simple visual methods such as histograms, bar charts, pie charts, and so on, they are usually introduced as descriptive or investigative techniques. It is uncommon to find discussion of how best to present the results of statistical analyses. This is surprising, since the interpretation of the results, both by the researcher and by later readers of the paper, may be critically dependent on the methods used to present the results. Little need be said here about the simple visual methods already mentioned-they are well covered by Huff.' The problems associated with graphs, however, are rather more important.","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1542-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The investigation of sinusitis.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1714923/pdf/brmedj00050-0055a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-b
{"title":"Nurses and the medical termination of pregnancy.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-b","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-d
H V Wyatt
SIR,-Dr B Caplan's letter (29 November, p 1493) and a slightly hysterical editorial in World Medicine (15 November, p 7) entitled "Hope for arthritics" prompt this comment. New drugs for arthritis come along, it seems, several times a year. The pattern is familiar-press release, early trials, initial enthusiasm, and then the drug slowly finds its place in the market, largely according to its merits. But now we really do have something new-in approach at least. I am used to half a dozen or so patients turning up with press cuttings whenever a new drug is released; in the last 3-4 weeks, however, large numbers have come carrying cuttings proclaiming "breakthrough," "the most exciting development since the discovery of aspirin," "wonder drug to beat arthritis," and "provides relief from pain and may even cure the disease." Heady stuff. World Medicine need hardly fear that "the message has not reached more general practitioners"-they can't avoid it. Of much greater concern is that such promotion, backed by a widely read and influential journal, makes sober appraisal difficult. If you pause a moment and think, the facts are these. Firstly, the new drug does seem to have proved effective in relieving symptoms when compared with placebo, and so far seems safe. Secondly, any evidence that it may modify the course of rheumatoid arthritis is derived from animal experiments. The reference cited in the makers' promotional literature is "data on file," and extrapolation from that to effects on human beings when even such old-timers as gold provoke endless argument is unwise. Such heavy promotion of a drug does harm rather than stimulate studies of its correct use. Some reputations are now on the line in a very public way; hundreds of patients are filled with expectations and it is difficult to remain dispassionate. B McCoNKEY
{"title":"Poliomyelitis worldwide.","authors":"H V Wyatt","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-d","url":null,"abstract":"SIR,-Dr B Caplan's letter (29 November, p 1493) and a slightly hysterical editorial in World Medicine (15 November, p 7) entitled \"Hope for arthritics\" prompt this comment. New drugs for arthritis come along, it seems, several times a year. The pattern is familiar-press release, early trials, initial enthusiasm, and then the drug slowly finds its place in the market, largely according to its merits. But now we really do have something new-in approach at least. I am used to half a dozen or so patients turning up with press cuttings whenever a new drug is released; in the last 3-4 weeks, however, large numbers have come carrying cuttings proclaiming \"breakthrough,\" \"the most exciting development since the discovery of aspirin,\" \"wonder drug to beat arthritis,\" and \"provides relief from pain and may even cure the disease.\" Heady stuff. World Medicine need hardly fear that \"the message has not reached more general practitioners\"-they can't avoid it. Of much greater concern is that such promotion, backed by a widely read and influential journal, makes sober appraisal difficult. If you pause a moment and think, the facts are these. Firstly, the new drug does seem to have proved effective in relieving symptoms when compared with placebo, and so far seems safe. Secondly, any evidence that it may modify the course of rheumatoid arthritis is derived from animal experiments. The reference cited in the makers' promotional literature is \"data on file,\" and extrapolation from that to effects on human beings when even such old-timers as gold provoke endless argument is unwise. Such heavy promotion of a drug does harm rather than stimulate studies of its correct use. Some reputations are now on the line in a very public way; hundreds of patients are filled with expectations and it is difficult to remain dispassionate. B McCoNKEY","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1564-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-d","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1511
{"title":"Phencyclidine: the new American street drug.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1511-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18448812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1512
{"title":"Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes--WHO criteria.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1512-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18448813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1562
R Gardner
adults. Although vaccination of babies would be expected to increase the proportion of cases of mumps occurring in adults the absolute numbers would certainly fall if a high acceptance rate of vaccination were achieved. The need for a booster in late childhood, particularly in boys, could be met at high school at the same time as girls are given rubella immunisation. The disparity between the UK and the USA in attitudes to immunisation is curious and disturbing.
{"title":"Management of patients after self-poisoning.","authors":"R Gardner","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1562","url":null,"abstract":"adults. Although vaccination of babies would be expected to increase the proportion of cases of mumps occurring in adults the absolute numbers would certainly fall if a high acceptance rate of vaccination were achieved. The need for a booster in late childhood, particularly in boys, could be met at high school at the same time as girls are given rubella immunisation. The disparity between the UK and the USA in attitudes to immunisation is curious and disturbing.","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-06DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-a
M Sutton, R de Vere
The use of clips was discussed as a simple method of sterilization in the lead articles of April 12 (p. 1037) and May 10 (p. 1154). We have used the Hulka-Clemens clips as a method of choice for laparoscopic sterilization in Westminster Hospital since 1977, and have been impressed with their operative safety. However, recently we have had an alarming number of pregnancies occurring after clip sterilizations, and so have analyzed our figures. During the years April 1977-April 1980, 328 laparoscopic sterilizations were performed in this unit. Of these women, 8 to date have become pregnant, and showed tubal patency on hysterosalpingogram. All 9 failures occurred following use of the Hulka-Clemens clips. This gives an overall failure rate of 2.1% and a failure rate for clip sterilization estimated at 3%. In none of the failures was the sterilization performed with a termination or in the puerperium. In all the cases except 1, the clips were applied by a consultant or senior registrar. All the patients had a subsequent salpingectomy, and the tubes were inspected macroscopically and microscopically. In all cases, the clips were found to be properly applied across the fallopian tube and fully closed. Nevertheless, on microscopy, each case had a patent lumen present in at least 1 tube. We are unable to identify any elements in technique of application that could account for these failures; in 2 of the cases which failed, 2 Hulka-Clemens clips had been applied to each tube. We feel that these figures should be publicized, as strong views have been expressed in recent months condemning tubal diathermy as a sterilization method, and advocating the use of clips or rings because of easier reversibility. In our practice, clip sterilization is less safe than oral contraception or the IUD. We would be interested in hearing about similar failure rates in other units.
{"title":"Female sterilisation--no more tubal coagulation.","authors":"M Sutton, R de Vere","doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-a","url":null,"abstract":"The use of clips was discussed as a simple method of sterilization in the lead articles of April 12 (p. 1037) and May 10 (p. 1154). We have used the Hulka-Clemens clips as a method of choice for laparoscopic sterilization in Westminster Hospital since 1977, and have been impressed with their operative safety. However, recently we have had an alarming number of pregnancies occurring after clip sterilizations, and so have analyzed our figures. During the years April 1977-April 1980, 328 laparoscopic sterilizations were performed in this unit. Of these women, 8 to date have become pregnant, and showed tubal patency on hysterosalpingogram. All 9 failures occurred following use of the Hulka-Clemens clips. This gives an overall failure rate of 2.1% and a failure rate for clip sterilization estimated at 3%. In none of the failures was the sterilization performed with a termination or in the puerperium. In all the cases except 1, the clips were applied by a consultant or senior registrar. All the patients had a subsequent salpingectomy, and the tubes were inspected macroscopically and microscopically. In all cases, the clips were found to be properly applied across the fallopian tube and fully closed. Nevertheless, on microscopy, each case had a patent lumen present in at least 1 tube. We are unable to identify any elements in technique of application that could account for these failures; in 2 of the cases which failed, 2 Hulka-Clemens clips had been applied to each tube. We feel that these figures should be publicized, as strong views have been expressed in recent months condemning tubal diathermy as a sterilization method, and advocating the use of clips or rings because of easier reversibility. In our practice, clip sterilization is less safe than oral contraception or the IUD. We would be interested in hearing about similar failure rates in other units.","PeriodicalId":9321,"journal":{"name":"British Medical Journal","volume":"281 6254","pages":"1564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/bmj.281.6254.1564-a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18446914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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