Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis最新文献

Synthesis of W-Doped TiO2 Material Ratio Using One-Step Solvothermal Method and Treatment Orientation of Volatile Organic Compounds 一步溶剂热法合成w掺杂TiO2材料配比及挥发性有机化合物的处理方向

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.18198

Hung Dung Chau, Tran Thi Tuu, Phung Chi Sy, Lam Van Tan, Thi Kim Ngan Tran

In TiO2 photocatalysts have been interested in the world thanks to many advantages in handling toxic compounds, with great potential for practical application at low cost. However, the electron-hole recombination rate is still high and can not be processed under visible light, which is a major limitation of this material. Modification of TiO2 by W6+ is a possible solution, however there is still little research and the optimal W6+ ratio in small amounts is still low. The material was synthesized by a one-stage solvothermal method at 200 ºC for 10 hours, without using any surfactants or post-reaction calcination with doped W molar ratios of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The result was that the TiW-1.5% catalyst sample had the highest specific surface area of 175 m2/g, higher than pure TiO2 of 160.0 m2/g. The W6+ ion successfully replaced Ti4+ in the TiO2 crystal lattice, reducing the band gap energy of the catalytic sample to 2.88 eV with the TiW-1.5% sample. For TiW-0%, the formaldehyde decomposition ability is 53.50%. Doping W into TiO2 increased catalytic efficiency, with a material sample with an optimal modified W content of 1.5% mol W having a formaldehyde decomposition efficiency of 71.98%. Research results show that W modification can improve the activity of TiO2 and increase the efficiency of volatile organic compound treatment. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

二氧化钛光催化剂因其在处理有毒化合物方面的诸多优势而受到世界的关注，具有低成本的实际应用潜力。然而，电子-空穴复合率仍然很高，不能在可见光下进行加工，这是该材料的主要局限性。W6+对TiO2进行改性是一种可能的解决方案，但目前研究较少，少量W6+的最佳配比仍然较低。在不使用任何表面活性剂和反应后煅烧的情况下，以掺杂W的摩尔比分别为0.5%、1%和1.5%，在200℃下，采用一段溶剂热法合成该材料，反应时间为10小时。结果表明，TiW-1.5%催化剂样品的比表面积最高，为175 m2/g，高于纯TiO2的160.0 m2/g。W6+离子成功取代了TiO2晶格中的Ti4+，使TiW-1.5%的催化样品带隙能降至2.88 eV。当TiW-0%时，甲醛分解能力为53.50%。TiO2中掺杂W提高了催化效率，当改性W含量为1.5% mol W时，材料样品的甲醛分解效率为71.98%。研究结果表明，W改性可以提高TiO2的活性，提高对挥发性有机物的处理效率。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 Composite Catalyst Ni-Cd/Al2O3复合催化剂的制备、表征及光催化活性

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20045

Yusmaniar Yusmaniar, Agung Premono, Ferry Budhi Susetyo, Sigit Dwi Yudanto

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the radiation source and radiation time on the methylene blue (MB) solution by adding Ni-Cd/Al2O3 to the percent degradation of MB. To investigate similar purposes, the pH of the MB solution varied as well. The preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 are three steps in this research. The Ni-Cd was prepared by mixing Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O. Various concentrations of Ni-Cd were mixed with Al2O3, then heated, stirred, dried, and calcined to form Ni-Cd/Al2O3 powder. The dried powder catalysts were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Diffused reflectance spectrometer spectra (DR-UV-Vis). Higher degradation was observed at pH 11, when MB was degraded by 68% and 76% using the 5Ni-2Cd/Al2O3 and 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. The 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 sample has higher absorption, less surface area, and less band gap; therefore, it has higher performance against degraded MB in the solution. In summary, 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 is capable of degrading MB and can be utilized in MB dye waste. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

本研究通过添加Ni-Cd/Al2O3来确定辐射源和辐射时间对亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的降解百分比的影响。为了研究类似的目的，MB溶液的pH值也发生了变化。Ni-Cd/Al2O3的制备、表征和光催化活性是本研究的三个步骤。将Ni(NO3)2.6H2O与Cd(NO3)2.4H2O混合制备Ni-Cd。将不同浓度的Ni-Cd与Al2O3混合，然后加热、搅拌、干燥、煅烧形成Ni-Cd/Al2O3粉末。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、能量色散x射线能谱(EDS)、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒能谱(BET)、x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扩散反射光谱仪(DR-UV-Vis)对干粉催化剂进行了表征。pH值为11时，5Ni-2Cd/Al2O3和6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3催化剂对MB的降解率分别为68%和76%。6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3样品具有较高的吸收率、较小的比表面积和较小的带隙;因此，它在解决方案中对降级的MB具有更高的性能。综上所述，6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3能够降解MB，可用于MB染料废液。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic Study of the Aluminum–water Reaction Using NaOH/NaAlO2 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production from Aluminum Cans Waste NaOH/NaAlO2催化剂下废铝罐制氢铝-水反应动力学研究

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20041

Nur Fadhilah, Maktum Muharja, Doty Dewi Risanti, Ruri Agung Wahyuono, Dendy Satrio, Achri Isnan Khamil, Siska Nuri Fadilah

The presence of oxide layers covering the surface of aluminum is known to impede the hydrogen production reaction. These oxide layers can be broken by adding catalysts and increasing the aluminum-water reaction temperature. Common catalysts used are alkaline catalysts that are capable of achieving high hydrogen production rates in a short time at lower temperatures, while intermediate temperatures of above 50 °C can accelerate the hydration reaction of the oxide layer. Herein, the mixture of NaOH and NaAlO2 catalysts was employed to attain a stable NaAlO2 solution and continuous reaction of NaOH and aluminum. This research analyzes the influence of temperature between 32 and 80 °C on the aluminum, 0.3 M NaOH and 0.001 M NaAlO2 catalysts solution at atmospheric pressure. All solutions produces a similar hydrogen yields and rate. Solutions containing NaAlO2 indicate reverse reaction that surpressing the Al(OH)3 precipitation. Residue from the reaction is investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The volume of hydrogen produced is evaluated using a mathematical mass reduction and shrinking core model. The rate of hydrogen production depends largely on the aqueous solution's temperature, with an activation energy of 47.4 kJ/mol. Based on the findings, it is readily apparent that the reaction only produced gibbsite and bayerite, with gibbsite and bayerite being dominant at 32–70 °C and 80 °C, respectively. The mass reduction model fits well with the present results with only an average 5.1 mL deviation, whereas the shrinking core model generally tends to result in underestimated values with an average deviation of 23.9 mL. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

覆盖在铝表面的氧化层阻碍了制氢反应。这些氧化层可以通过添加催化剂和提高铝-水反应温度来打破。常用的催化剂为碱性催化剂，在较低的温度下能在短时间内达到较高的产氢率，而50℃以上的中间温度则能加速氧化层的水化反应。本文采用NaOH和NaAlO2混合催化剂，获得了稳定的NaAlO2溶液和NaOH与铝的连续反应。本研究分析了32 ~ 80℃温度对常压下铝、0.3 M NaOH和0.001 M NaAlO2催化剂溶液的影响。所有的溶液产生相似的氢的产率和速率。含有NaAlO2的溶液显示出抑制Al(OH)3沉淀的逆反应。利用x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对反应残渣进行了研究。产生的氢的体积是用数学质量减少和收缩核模型来评估的。氢气的生成速率主要取决于水溶液的温度，活化能为47.4 kJ/mol。根据研究结果，很明显，该反应只产生三水铝石和bayerite，三水铝石和bayerite分别在32-70℃和80℃时占主导地位。质量缩减模型与目前的结果拟合较好，平均偏差仅为5.1 mL，而收缩核模型普遍倾向于低估值，平均偏差为23.9 mL。Copyright©2023 by Authors, publishing by BCREC Group。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of ZnO/NiO/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Materials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Antibiotic 光催化降解四环素类抗生素的ZnO/NiO/g-C3N4纳米复合材料的合成

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20039

Linh X. Nong, Oanh Thi Kim Nguyen

In this study, an approach was utilized to improve the photocatalytic efficacy of g-C3N4 by creating a composite photocatalyst through co-precipitation. This process involved incorporating NiO and ZnO into the structure, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showcases interesting aggregation behavior, revealing extensive arrays of ZnO/NiO/g-C3N4 particles. Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) confirms the composite's strong light absorption, especially in the visible spectrum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provides conclusive evidence of successful material synthesis. The degradation of tetracycline antibiotics under visible light exposure demonstrates an impressive photochemical degradation efficiency of 78.43%. Additionally, the composite exhibits impressive cycles of reuse, retaining its high photocatalytic activity even after four reaction cycles. This performance surpasses that of comparison samples. The synergistic integration of NiO and g-C3N4 within ZnO proves to be crucial in enhancing photocatalytic activity by enhancing electron-hole separation and mitigating recombination processes. This composite photocatalyst shows a wide potential for efficiently eliminating tetracycline antibiotics from water systems. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

本研究采用共沉淀法制备复合光催化剂来提高g-C3N4的光催化效率。该过程涉及将NiO和ZnO加入到结构中，从而提高光催化活性。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示了有趣的聚集行为，揭示了ZnO/NiO/g-C3N4粒子的广泛阵列。紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)证实了复合材料的强光吸收，特别是在可见光谱中。x射线衍射(XRD)分析提供了成功合成材料的确凿证据。在可见光照射下，四环素类抗生素的光化学降解效率高达78.43%。此外，复合材料表现出令人印象深刻的循环再利用，即使在四个反应循环后仍保持其高光催化活性。该性能优于比较样本。在ZnO中，NiO和g-C3N4的协同整合被证明是通过增强电子空穴分离和减轻复合过程来增强光催化活性的关键。这种复合光催化剂在有效去除水系统中的四环素类抗生素方面显示出广泛的潜力。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Ag-TiO2 for Efficient Methylene Blue Photodegradation Under Visible Light Irradiation Ag-TiO2在可见光下对亚甲基蓝的高效光降解

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.19885

Hendri Widiyandari, Muhammad Nashir, Hanaiyah Parasdila, Khanza Fadhilah Almas, Risa Suryana

Photocatalysis is one of the environmentally friendly methods for degrading down wastewater contamination. TiO2 as one of the photocatalyst material is claimed can enhance the photocatalytic activity much better, if the band gap energy is reduced. In order to reduce the bandgap energy of TiO2, the novel in this research is that the temperature variations over a 24-hour period at 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, and 160 °C in hydrothermal process to synthesize the photocatalyst material with Ag-doped. Diffraction patterns of Ag-TiO2 show that all sample have tetragonal crystal structure and an anatase phase which also has excellent crystallinity. Some of the nanoparticles on the surface of Ag-TiO2 have a consistent morphology, while other particles are formed irregularly. According to the DRS UV-Vis result, bandgap energy reduced as temperature increased (Eg = 3.2 eV to 2.32 eV). The results from PL Ag-TiO2 160 have the lowest intensity, which indicates a low rate of electron-hole recombination. The Ag-TiO2 160 sample produced the best photocatalytic activity, according to the results of the MB degradation test, with a relative change in concentration of 92.98% for 2 h under visible light. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

光催化是一种环境友好的降解废水污染的方法。TiO2作为光催化剂材料之一，在降低带隙能量的情况下，可以更好地提高光催化活性。为了降低TiO2的带隙能，本研究的新颖之处在于在水热过程中，在100°C、120°C、140°C和160°C下连续24小时的温度变化来合成掺杂ag的光催化剂材料。Ag-TiO2的衍射图表明，所有样品均具有四方晶体结构和锐钛矿相，其结晶度也很好。Ag-TiO2表面的纳米颗粒有的形貌一致，有的则不规则形成。根据DRS UV-Vis结果，带隙能量随温度升高而降低(Eg = 3.2 eV至2.32 eV)。PL Ag-TiO2 160的结果强度最低，表明电子-空穴复合速率较低。根据MB降解测试结果，Ag-TiO2 160样品的光催化活性最好，在可见光下2 h的相对浓度变化为92.98%。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Lanthanum-substituted Cobalt Ferrite Established by the Co-precipitation Process: Annealing Temperature Adjustment of Structural, Magnetic, and Dye Removal Characteristics 镧取代钴铁氧体的共沉淀法建立:退火温度调整的结构，磁性和染料去除特性

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.19638

Ramadona Rahmawati, Adiana Musadewi, Nurdiyantoro Putra Prasetya, Suharno Suharno, Sri Budiawanti, Dwi Teguh Rahardjo, Riyatun Riyatun, Utari Utari, Yofentina Iriani, Nuryani Nuryani, Budi Purnama

Co-precipitation process was used for the synthesis of lanthanum-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles at several annealing temperatures (Ta), i.e., 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, for 5 h. XRD spectral depicted that the produced nanoparticles sample indicates a single phase of fcc inverse spinel conforming to ICDD No 22-1086. The crystallite size (D) calculation at the strongest peaks shows the increase in enhancing the Ta i.e., 18.99 nm, 19.90 nm, and 23.21 nm for 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, respectively. The FTIR results showed absorption band at the tetrahedral site, v1 ~575 cm−1 and the octahedral site, v2 ~474 cm−1. The absorption bands indicate that the lanthanum ions have successfully replaced the Fe3+ cations in the original cobalt ferrite structure. According to the hysteresis loop, the coercive field's (HC) magnitude falls from 700 Oe down to 550 Oe as Ta increases. This result is consistent with the anisotropy constant which decreased from 0.77×104 erg/cm3 to 0.56×104 erg/cm3. The obtained nanoparticles also showed superior performance (much larger than 95%) for dye removal of Congo red. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

采用共沉淀法在200°C、300°C和400°C的不同退火温度(Ta)下合成镧取代钴铁氧体纳米颗粒5 h。XRD谱图显示，制备的纳米颗粒样品为符合ICDD No 22-1086的fcc反尖晶石单相。最强峰的晶粒尺寸(D)计算表明，在200°C、300°C和400°C时，Ta的增强值分别为18.99 nm、19.90 nm和23.21 nm。FTIR结果显示，在四面体位置v1 ~575 cm−1和八面体位置v2 ~474 cm−1有吸收带。吸收谱带表明，镧离子成功地取代了原钴铁氧体结构中的Fe3+阳离子。根据磁滞回线可知，随着Ta的增大，矫顽力场(HC)的大小从700 Oe下降到550 Oe。这与各向异性常数从0.77×104 erg/cm3减小到0.56×104 erg/cm3的结果一致。所制备的纳米颗粒对刚果红的去除率也达到了95%以上。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) 封面(封面、编辑团队、索引、目录)

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20051

Istadi Istadi

Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents)

封面(封面、编辑团队、索引、目录)

引用次数: 0

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) Backmatter(出版道德、版权转让协议出版表格)

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20052

Istadi Istadi

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)

Backmatter(出版道德、版权转让协议出版表格)

引用次数: 0

SO2 Mitigation via Catalytic Oxidation using Carbonaceous Materials and Metal Oxides for Environmental Sustainability 利用碳质材料和金属氧化物催化氧化减少二氧化硫，促进环境可持续性

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20031

Tanoko Matthew Edward, Ying Weng, Sin Yuan Lai

The high concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air that contributes to increasing health and environmental issues has caught the attention of all countries. Numerous tactics to regulate and lower the SO2 levels in the environment that have been applied through regulations and promising technology, progress has been obtained to decrease the SO2 concentration. Among methods for SO2 removal, one of the promising techniques used is the catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3, which not only reduces the SO2 concentration in the environment but also produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Thus, the performance of the catalysts that can promote the catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3 for environmental sustainability is reviewed in this study. The types of catalysts evaluated in this study are carbon-based materials and metal oxides. Worth noting that these catalysts are feasible to catalytically converting SO2 hazardous material to resources, viz. SO3 and H2SO4 for industrial use. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for devising an innovative method for SO2 mitigation through catalytic oxidation. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

空气中高浓度的二氧化硫(SO2)造成越来越多的健康和环境问题，已引起所有国家的注意。通过法规和有前景的技术，许多调节和降低环境中SO2水平的策略已经被应用，在降低SO2浓度方面取得了进展。在脱除SO2的方法中，催化氧化SO2生成SO3是一种很有前途的技术，它不仅可以降低环境中SO2的浓度，还可以生成硫酸(H2SO4)。因此，本文综述了促进SO2催化氧化为SO3的催化剂的性能，以促进环境的可持续性。本研究评估的催化剂类型为碳基材料和金属氧化物。值得注意的是，这些催化剂可以将SO2有害物质催化转化为工业用的资源，即SO3和H2SO4。本研究结果可作为设计通过催化氧化减少SO2的创新方法的基础。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0

Recycle Performance of Heterogeneous Catalyst Metal Oxides-Based Layered Double Hydroxide for Oxidative Desulfurization Process of 4-methyldibenzothiophene 非均相催化剂金属氧化物层状双氢氧化物在4-甲基二苯并噻吩氧化脱硫过程中的循环性能

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20034

Nur Ahmad, Rohmatullaili Rohmatullaili, Yulizah Hanifah, Sahrul Wibiyan, Amri Amri, Alfan Wijaya, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, Risfidian Mohadi, Idha Royani, Aldes Lesbani

The desulfurization of oil must be resolved as soon as possible due to a variety of issues, including environmental contamination and protection regulations. It was believed that oxidative desulfurization (ODS) was the most promising method. In this research, metal oxide-based layered double hydroxides (TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al) were effectively synthesized for the ODS of 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT). TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al exhibited superior catalytic performance and high recycling capacity, achieving a 99% removal rate after five reactions in 30 min. The heterogeneous catalyst TiO2@Ni-Al/ZnO@Ni-Al is easy to separate and recover from a reaction system. Increased temperature facilitates the transformation of 4-MDBT into 4-MDBTO2. The influence of H2O2's rapid decomposition rate, which can inhibit oxidation reactions, reduces the catalytic activity as the temperature increases. 4-MDBT Sulphur removal on TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al is 99.48 and 99.51%, respectively. TiO2@Ni-Al and ZnO@Ni-Al have great potential for use in the industry based on these results. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

由于环境污染和保护法规等各种问题，必须尽快解决石油的脱硫问题。认为氧化脱硫法(ODS)是最有前途的方法。本研究制备了基于金属氧化物的层状双氢氧化物(TiO2@Ni-Al和ZnO@Ni-Al)用于4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)的ODS。TiO2@Ni-Al和ZnO@Ni-Al表现出优异的催化性能和较高的回收能力，在30 min内经过5次反应，去除率达到99%。TiO2@Ni-Al/ZnO@Ni-Al多相催化剂易于从反应体系中分离和回收。温度升高有利于4-MDBT向4-MDBTO2的转变。H2O2分解速度快，对氧化反应有抑制作用，随着温度的升高，催化活性降低。4-MDBT在TiO2@Ni-Al和ZnO@Ni-Al上的硫去除率分别为99.48%和99.51%。基于这些结果，TiO2@Ni-Al和ZnO@Ni-Al具有很大的工业应用潜力。版权所有©2023作者，BCREC集团出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-SA许可(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)的开放获取文章。

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引用次数: 0