: A Better Ape explores the evolution of the moral mind from our ancestors with chimpanzees, through the origins of our genus and our species, to the development of behaviorally modern humans who underwent revolutions in agriculture, urbanization, and industrial technology. The book begins, in Part I, by explaining the biological evolution of sympathy and loyalty in great apes and trust and respect in the earliest humans. These moral emotions are the first element of the moral mind. Part II explains the gene-culture co-evolution of norms, emotions, and reasoning in Homo sapiens. Moral norms of harm, kinship, reciprocity, autonomy, and fairness are the second element of the moral mind. A social capacity for interactive moral reasoning is the third element. Part III of the book explains the cultural co-evolution of social institutions and morality. Family, religious, military, political, and economic institutions expanded small bands into large tribes and created more intense social hierarchies through new moral norms of authority and purity. Finally, Part IV explains the rational and cultural evolution of moral progress and moral regress as human societies experienced gains and losses in inclusivity and equality. Moral progress against racism, homophobia, speciesism, sexism, classism, and global injustice depends on integration of privileged and oppressed people in physical space, social roles, and democratic decision making. The central idea in the book is that all these major evolutionary transitions, from ancestral apes to
{"title":"A Better Ape: The Evolution of the Moral Mind and How it Made us Human","authors":"Gregory F. Tague","doi":"10.1162/leon_r_02418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_r_02418","url":null,"abstract":": A Better Ape explores the evolution of the moral mind from our ancestors with chimpanzees, through the origins of our genus and our species, to the development of behaviorally modern humans who underwent revolutions in agriculture, urbanization, and industrial technology. The book begins, in Part I, by explaining the biological evolution of sympathy and loyalty in great apes and trust and respect in the earliest humans. These moral emotions are the first element of the moral mind. Part II explains the gene-culture co-evolution of norms, emotions, and reasoning in Homo sapiens. Moral norms of harm, kinship, reciprocity, autonomy, and fairness are the second element of the moral mind. A social capacity for interactive moral reasoning is the third element. Part III of the book explains the cultural co-evolution of social institutions and morality. Family, religious, military, political, and economic institutions expanded small bands into large tribes and created more intense social hierarchies through new moral norms of authority and purity. Finally, Part IV explains the rational and cultural evolution of moral progress and moral regress as human societies experienced gains and losses in inclusivity and equality. Moral progress against racism, homophobia, speciesism, sexism, classism, and global injustice depends on integration of privileged and oppressed people in physical space, social roles, and democratic decision making. The central idea in the book is that all these major evolutionary transitions, from ancestral apes to","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"10080 1","pages":"442-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73253759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent decades, collaborations between artists and clinicians or biomedical researchers have become increasingly common and now constitute a distinctive category of art-science collaboration. This article reflects on the intellectual and material conditions of such collaborations, exploring two genealogies for these practices—”sciart” and arts and health—with a focus on two key areas: (1) the need for stakeholders to recognize fine art practice as research and knowledge-production (rather than merely as illustrative, educational, or therapeutic); (2) the challenges and opportunities presented by patient-participant involvement. Finally, it explores critical medical humanities as an emergent framework currently shaping these kinds of collaborations.
{"title":"Collaborations in Art and Medicine: Institutional Critique, Patient Participation, and Emerging Entanglements","authors":"F. Johnstone","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent decades, collaborations between artists and clinicians or biomedical researchers have become increasingly common and now constitute a distinctive category of art-science collaboration. This article reflects on the intellectual and material conditions of such collaborations, exploring two genealogies for these practices—”sciart” and arts and health—with a focus on two key areas: (1) the need for stakeholders to recognize fine art practice as research and knowledge-production (rather than merely as illustrative, educational, or therapeutic); (2) the challenges and opportunities presented by patient-participant involvement. Finally, it explores critical medical humanities as an emergent framework currently shaping these kinds of collaborations.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"8 1","pages":"424-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Metabolism holds potential as both a crucial topic and an analytical tool for our current biopolitical moment, for understanding the agency and significance of material forces as they move into and through bodies. From this vantage point, this article suggests practicing a metabolic gaze by reading together metabolism and contemporary art. It discusses ways of defining metabolism that might be productive in helping to produce tools and touchstones for metabolic readings, before presenting examples of artworks that might be interestingly illuminated by light of this sign.
{"title":"Metabolism and Art","authors":"H. Rogers, Adam Bencard","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metabolism holds potential as both a crucial topic and an analytical tool for our current biopolitical moment, for understanding the agency and significance of material forces as they move into and through bodies. From this vantage point, this article suggests practicing a metabolic gaze by reading together metabolism and contemporary art. It discusses ways of defining metabolism that might be productive in helping to produce tools and touchstones for metabolic readings, before presenting examples of artworks that might be interestingly illuminated by light of this sign.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"46 1","pages":"388-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74092099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An Ecological Oracle is an installation that creates a simulated environment to explore social dynamics surrounding a critical tipping point of climate change—the thawing of permafrost. The work engages participants through real-time data that exposes how inputs in and out of their control affect permafrost melt. The work seeks to expose underlying tensions between the individual and the collective, raising questions around how ideology may shape perception of this potential climate event.
{"title":"An Ecological Oracle","authors":"Raphael Arar","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An Ecological Oracle is an installation that creates a simulated environment to explore social dynamics surrounding a critical tipping point of climate change—the thawing of permafrost. The work engages participants through real-time data that exposes how inputs in and out of their control affect permafrost melt. The work seeks to expose underlying tensions between the individual and the collective, raising questions around how ideology may shape perception of this potential climate event.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"75 1","pages":"485-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72936863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Poet-artists Christian Bök and Karin Bolender pose two interventions into bioart, with radically different conceptions of the nonhumans involved. In Böks Xenotext project (2002–present), a microbe becomes an archive and writing machine through DNA manipulation. Bolender’s The Unnaming of Aliass (2002–2020) documents her life with the ass Aliass and the unexpected results it yields. Both projects attempt to establish communication with nonhumans, but their approaches have drastically different consequences. Bök ultimately ends up reinscribing well-worn anthropocentric biases. In contrast, Bolender’s capacious version of animal husbandry moves away from machines and mastery over circumstances and animals, following a principle akin to Karen Barad’s “intra-action” to suggest a course correction for bioartists’ work with nonhumans.
诗人艺术家Christian Bök和Karin Bolender对生物艺术提出了两种截然不同的概念。在Böks Xenotext项目(2002 -至今)中，一个微生物通过DNA操作成为一个档案和书写机器。Bolender的The Unnaming of Aliass(2002-2020)记录了她与驴Aliass的生活以及由此产生的意想不到的结果。这两个项目都试图建立与非人类的交流，但它们的方法却产生了截然不同的后果。Bök最终将重新写入陈旧的人类中心主义偏见。相比之下，博兰德的广阔版本的畜牧业远离机器和对环境和动物的控制，遵循类似于凯伦·巴拉德(Karen Barad)的“内部行动”原则，为生物艺术家与非人类的工作提出了路线修正。
{"title":"Entangled Poetics: Two Bioartists in the Anthropocene","authors":"Anne M. Royston","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02398","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poet-artists Christian Bök and Karin Bolender pose two interventions into bioart, with radically different conceptions of the nonhumans involved. In Böks Xenotext project (2002–present), a microbe becomes an archive and writing machine through DNA manipulation. Bolender’s The Unnaming of Aliass (2002–2020) documents her life with the ass Aliass and the unexpected results it yields. Both projects attempt to establish communication with nonhumans, but their approaches have drastically different consequences. Bök ultimately ends up reinscribing well-worn anthropocentric biases. In contrast, Bolender’s capacious version of animal husbandry moves away from machines and mastery over circumstances and animals, following a principle akin to Karen Barad’s “intra-action” to suggest a course correction for bioartists’ work with nonhumans.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"18 1","pages":"379-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kuhlmann, Jérémie Robert, A. Thomas, S. Blain-Moraes
Many of the important research advances in understanding and treating Parkinson’s disease never leave the academic sphere, as communication barriers limit accessibility for and engagement with broader audiences. To increase meaningful dialogue between academic researchers and community stakeholders, Piece of Mind: Parkinson’s brought together neuroscientists, people with Parkinson’s disease and artists to co-create a knowledge translation performance based on scientific research and lived experience. The filmed, feature-length performance engages the viewer emotionally and intellectually using circus, dance, music, poetry and patient testimonials. We provide an overview of our participatory process and a scene-by-scene description of the performance.
{"title":"Piece of Mind: Presenting the Lived Experience and Scientific Research of Parkinson’s Disease through an Artistic Lens","authors":"N. Kuhlmann, Jérémie Robert, A. Thomas, S. Blain-Moraes","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02371","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many of the important research advances in understanding and treating Parkinson’s disease never leave the academic sphere, as communication barriers limit accessibility for and engagement with broader audiences. To increase meaningful dialogue between academic researchers and community stakeholders, Piece of Mind: Parkinson’s brought together neuroscientists, people with Parkinson’s disease and artists to co-create a knowledge translation performance based on scientific research and lived experience. The filmed, feature-length performance engages the viewer emotionally and intellectually using circus, dance, music, poetry and patient testimonials. We provide an overview of our participatory process and a scene-by-scene description of the performance.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77729725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziggy O’Reilly, Christina Chau, N. Thompson, G. Ben-Ary
Abstract Bricolage is a kinetic biological artwork first exhibited at the Perth International Arts Festival in 2020. The artists used stem cell technologies to create bioengineered living entities from donated human heart muscle cells. These living entities are suspended in an incubator from the ceiling and are made visible to gallerygoers, who watch the performance of cells generating and moving independently. This paper considers how the assemblage, animation, and performance of cells embedded in Bricolage highlight questions around the conceptualizations and perceptions of life, duration, animation, and aliveness.
{"title":"Bioengineered Living Entities in Art: Aliveness, Duration, and Movement in Bricolage","authors":"Ziggy O’Reilly, Christina Chau, N. Thompson, G. Ben-Ary","doi":"10.1162/leon_a_02402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bricolage is a kinetic biological artwork first exhibited at the Perth International Arts Festival in 2020. The artists used stem cell technologies to create bioengineered living entities from donated human heart muscle cells. These living entities are suspended in an incubator from the ceiling and are made visible to gallerygoers, who watch the performance of cells generating and moving independently. This paper considers how the assemblage, animation, and performance of cells embedded in Bricolage highlight questions around the conceptualizations and perceptions of life, duration, animation, and aliveness.","PeriodicalId":93330,"journal":{"name":"Leonardo (Oxford, England)","volume":"51 1","pages":"496-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86753199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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