Maria Vitória Ribeiro Gomes, B. P. Battemarco, L. F. Guimarães, A. Oliveira, Victória de Araújo Rutigliani, Felipe Manoel Cabral, Ronan de Oliveira Pereira Bezerra, Ianic Bigate Lourenço, O. Rezende, P. Magalhães, M. Miguez, A. P. Veról
This article investigates how to make the implementation of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) more attractive to solve urban problems in densely occupied watersheds that lack flood control and environmental quality protection infrastructure. Considering the obstacles related to implementing multifunctional solutions in developing countries, measuring its co-benefits (in addition to flood control) may influence greater public and political acceptance. Thus, the paper uses a multifunctional design approach using the urban open space system and combining the blue-green and gray infrastructure. A hydrodynamic model was used to support flood mapping. This approach also increases the land value and the environmental quality of the urban spaces. Two quantitative aspects support this evaluation. The first one represents the land value increase as a positive effect, while the second one assesses the environmental quality of the urban space using the Environmental Quality Assessment Index (EQAI). The results obtained from the urban and environmental evaluation proved that blue and green corridors could promote multiple co-benefits for consolidated urban areas. The increased environmental quality and land value were only possible due to the combined use of BGI and gray infrastructure since BGI can add benefits that the gray infrastructure is not capable of providing.
{"title":"The use of blue-Green infrastructure as a multifunctional approach to watersheds with socio-environmental vulnerability","authors":"Maria Vitória Ribeiro Gomes, B. P. Battemarco, L. F. Guimarães, A. Oliveira, Victória de Araújo Rutigliani, Felipe Manoel Cabral, Ronan de Oliveira Pereira Bezerra, Ianic Bigate Lourenço, O. Rezende, P. Magalhães, M. Miguez, A. P. Veról","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2021.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates how to make the implementation of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) more attractive to solve urban problems in densely occupied watersheds that lack flood control and environmental quality protection infrastructure. Considering the obstacles related to implementing multifunctional solutions in developing countries, measuring its co-benefits (in addition to flood control) may influence greater public and political acceptance. Thus, the paper uses a multifunctional design approach using the urban open space system and combining the blue-green and gray infrastructure. A hydrodynamic model was used to support flood mapping. This approach also increases the land value and the environmental quality of the urban spaces. Two quantitative aspects support this evaluation. The first one represents the land value increase as a positive effect, while the second one assesses the environmental quality of the urban space using the Environmental Quality Assessment Index (EQAI). The results obtained from the urban and environmental evaluation proved that blue and green corridors could promote multiple co-benefits for consolidated urban areas. The increased environmental quality and land value were only possible due to the combined use of BGI and gray infrastructure since BGI can add benefits that the gray infrastructure is not capable of providing.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49375178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorus circulation in Taihu Lake has attracted extensive attention, but the contribution of Microcystis to phosphorus circulation in this area is unknown. In this study, the phosphorus concentrations in algal samples collected from the lake in 2015–2016 were determined in the laboratory. From the concentration data, the total quantity of algal phosphorus was calculated and the seasonal variations in algal phosphorus were examined. The results indicated that the intracellular phosphorus content of Microcystis in Taihu varied from 0.044 to 0.130 pg/cell and tended to be high in spring and low in summer. The total amount of algal phosphorus in Taihu Lake ranged between 7.78 and 97.32 t over the study period. Algal phosphorus only accounted for between 1.5 and 18.5% of the phosphorus stock in the water. Because Microcystis accumulated downwind, there was a tendency for the total phosphorus concentrations to be low in the east of the lake and high in the west of the lake. This new information about the spatial and temporal distribution of algal phosphorus contributes to our understanding of how phosphorus in Microcystis contributes to phosphorus circulation in Taihu Lake.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in algal phosphorus in Taihu Lake","authors":"Yu Zhang, Wei Zhu, Ruochen Wang, G. Feng, Zongpu Xue, Shuai Zhao, Yiyan Lv","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phosphorus circulation in Taihu Lake has attracted extensive attention, but the contribution of Microcystis to phosphorus circulation in this area is unknown. In this study, the phosphorus concentrations in algal samples collected from the lake in 2015–2016 were determined in the laboratory. From the concentration data, the total quantity of algal phosphorus was calculated and the seasonal variations in algal phosphorus were examined. The results indicated that the intracellular phosphorus content of Microcystis in Taihu varied from 0.044 to 0.130 pg/cell and tended to be high in spring and low in summer. The total amount of algal phosphorus in Taihu Lake ranged between 7.78 and 97.32 t over the study period. Algal phosphorus only accounted for between 1.5 and 18.5% of the phosphorus stock in the water. Because Microcystis accumulated downwind, there was a tendency for the total phosphorus concentrations to be low in the east of the lake and high in the west of the lake. This new information about the spatial and temporal distribution of algal phosphorus contributes to our understanding of how phosphorus in Microcystis contributes to phosphorus circulation in Taihu Lake.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46254446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamer Almaaitah, Madison Appleby, Howard Rosenblat, J. Drake, D. Joksimovic
Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) consists of natural and semi-natural systems implemented to mitigate climate change impacts in urban areas, including elevated air temperatures and flooding. This study is a state-of-the-art review that presents recent research on BGI by identifying and critically evaluating published studies that considered urban heat island mitigation and stormwater management as potential benefits. Thirty-two records were included in the review, with the majority of studies published after 2015. Findings indicate that BGI effectively controls urban runoff and mitigates urban heat, with the literature being slightly more focused on stormwater management than urban heat island mitigation. Among BGI, the studies on blue- and blue-green roofs focused on one benefit at a time (i.e. thermal or hydrologic performance) and did not consider promoting multiple benefits simultaneously. Two-thirds of the selected studies were performed on a large urban scale, with computer modelling and sensor monitoring being the predominant assessment methods. Compared with typical Green Infrastructure (GI), and from a design perspective, many crucial questions on BGI performance, particularly on smaller urban scales, remain unanswered. Future research will have to continue to explore the performance of BGI, considering the identified gaps.
{"title":"The potential of blue-Green infrastructure as a climate change adaptation strategy: a systematic literature review","authors":"Tamer Almaaitah, Madison Appleby, Howard Rosenblat, J. Drake, D. Joksimovic","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2021.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) consists of natural and semi-natural systems implemented to mitigate climate change impacts in urban areas, including elevated air temperatures and flooding. This study is a state-of-the-art review that presents recent research on BGI by identifying and critically evaluating published studies that considered urban heat island mitigation and stormwater management as potential benefits. Thirty-two records were included in the review, with the majority of studies published after 2015. Findings indicate that BGI effectively controls urban runoff and mitigates urban heat, with the literature being slightly more focused on stormwater management than urban heat island mitigation. Among BGI, the studies on blue- and blue-green roofs focused on one benefit at a time (i.e. thermal or hydrologic performance) and did not consider promoting multiple benefits simultaneously. Two-thirds of the selected studies were performed on a large urban scale, with computer modelling and sensor monitoring being the predominant assessment methods. Compared with typical Green Infrastructure (GI), and from a design perspective, many crucial questions on BGI performance, particularly on smaller urban scales, remain unanswered. Future research will have to continue to explore the performance of BGI, considering the identified gaps.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42283431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, sponge city has been booming in China aiming to alleviate urban flooding and improve water quality of natural water bodies. LID/green infrastructure has been gradually introduced to urban planning and urban water system planning. Efficient deployment of LID facilities is critical, which requires modeling and evaluation to develop rational planning. A case study of Guian New Area was presented to show the application of SWMM and the planning methods in sponge-city-based urban water system planning for water quality sensitive new areas development. Based on SWMM, two river network water quality models, the Dongmenqiao River and the Chetian River, were established through a systematic analysis of the case study area. Baseline scenarios were simulated and analyzed, and assimilation capacities of the two river basins were calculated by a trial-and-error method. Finally, two LID scenarios were carefully designed, simulated, and analyzed to support the planning. The simulations showed that in order to meet the strict water quality requirements in Guian New Area, large scales of LID facilities are required to cut down the rainfall-runoff pollution. Moreover, measures such as more frequent cleaning to reduce pollutants accumulation on the ground should also be taken to mitigate the maximum buildups of pollutants.
{"title":"Sponge-city-based urban water system planning: a case study of water quality sensitive new area development in China","authors":"Yijian Xu, Yanhong Kong","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2021.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, sponge city has been booming in China aiming to alleviate urban flooding and improve water quality of natural water bodies. LID/green infrastructure has been gradually introduced to urban planning and urban water system planning. Efficient deployment of LID facilities is critical, which requires modeling and evaluation to develop rational planning. A case study of Guian New Area was presented to show the application of SWMM and the planning methods in sponge-city-based urban water system planning for water quality sensitive new areas development. Based on SWMM, two river network water quality models, the Dongmenqiao River and the Chetian River, were established through a systematic analysis of the case study area. Baseline scenarios were simulated and analyzed, and assimilation capacities of the two river basins were calculated by a trial-and-error method. Finally, two LID scenarios were carefully designed, simulated, and analyzed to support the planning. The simulations showed that in order to meet the strict water quality requirements in Guian New Area, large scales of LID facilities are required to cut down the rainfall-runoff pollution. Moreover, measures such as more frequent cleaning to reduce pollutants accumulation on the ground should also be taken to mitigate the maximum buildups of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic placement of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is essential in optimising its performance and maximising co-benefits. However, little is known about the current placement and interconnectedness between WSUD assets and the performance of current planning strategies. We evaluated the placement of existing WSUDs in a highly urbanised catchment in Sydney, Australia. We used a three-step process: (1) compiling a comprehensive spatial asset database, (2) performing spatial correlation analysis between asset locations and biophysical, urban form and socioeconomic variables and (3) using a novel approach to facilitate holistic understanding through analysing asset locations compared with the outcome of the spatial suitability analysis tool (SSANTO). WSUD coverage was generally low, with clustering in some municipalities. Placement was constrained by physical variables, such as slope, limited space and varying land uses. However, placement was not detectably influenced by most socioeconomic variables. SSANTO's suitability score at asset locations was only slightly higher than average, suggesting that the placement of existing WSUD was opportunistic, rather than strategically planned. Further development and implementation of tools able to account for spatial constraints will help guide future WSUD placement as a component of green urban stormwater management.
{"title":"Are we planning blue-green infrastructure opportunistically or strategically? Insights from Sydney, Australia","authors":"M. Kuller, David J. Reid, V. Prodanovic","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2021.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Strategic placement of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is essential in optimising its performance and maximising co-benefits. However, little is known about the current placement and interconnectedness between WSUD assets and the performance of current planning strategies. We evaluated the placement of existing WSUDs in a highly urbanised catchment in Sydney, Australia. We used a three-step process: (1) compiling a comprehensive spatial asset database, (2) performing spatial correlation analysis between asset locations and biophysical, urban form and socioeconomic variables and (3) using a novel approach to facilitate holistic understanding through analysing asset locations compared with the outcome of the spatial suitability analysis tool (SSANTO). WSUD coverage was generally low, with clustering in some municipalities. Placement was constrained by physical variables, such as slope, limited space and varying land uses. However, placement was not detectably influenced by most socioeconomic variables. SSANTO's suitability score at asset locations was only slightly higher than average, suggesting that the placement of existing WSUD was opportunistic, rather than strategically planned. Further development and implementation of tools able to account for spatial constraints will help guide future WSUD placement as a component of green urban stormwater management.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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