The insidious economic impact of water disruption has received less attention compared to palpable climate disasters, but climate change and water security concerns call for investigation on cost consequences of property values and business losses in an already fragile water supply-demand balance in many developing countries. The economic impact of frequent water supply disruptions from the Selangor River in Malaysia due to technical issues, water pollution, and climate-related problems was estimated using the stock flow measure to assess property at risk, and survey to estimate business loss. The findings revealed that commercial, residential, and industrial property valued at RM459,041 million in 2020 in the State of Selangor and parts of Kuala Lumpur, were at risk due to frequent water supply disruptions. A survey of small and medium enterprises from the manufacturing, construction, and services sectors revealed that 46% of the respondents were affected with losses amounting to RM2,053 million. The total economic impact of water supply disruption in 2020, combining both property value at risk and business loss, is amounted to RM461,094 million, which accounted for 34% of Malaysia's GDP. A number of recommendations are made to prevent the widespread occurrence of water disruptions.
{"title":"The economic impact of water supply disruption from the Selangor River, Malaysia","authors":"A. Raihan, J. Pereira, R. Begum, R. Rasiah","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The insidious economic impact of water disruption has received less attention compared to palpable climate disasters, but climate change and water security concerns call for investigation on cost consequences of property values and business losses in an already fragile water supply-demand balance in many developing countries. The economic impact of frequent water supply disruptions from the Selangor River in Malaysia due to technical issues, water pollution, and climate-related problems was estimated using the stock flow measure to assess property at risk, and survey to estimate business loss. The findings revealed that commercial, residential, and industrial property valued at RM459,041 million in 2020 in the State of Selangor and parts of Kuala Lumpur, were at risk due to frequent water supply disruptions. A survey of small and medium enterprises from the manufacturing, construction, and services sectors revealed that 46% of the respondents were affected with losses amounting to RM2,053 million. The total economic impact of water supply disruption in 2020, combining both property value at risk and business loss, is amounted to RM461,094 million, which accounted for 34% of Malaysia's GDP. A number of recommendations are made to prevent the widespread occurrence of water disruptions.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology has been rapidly developing in the past decade, and metal nanomaterials have shown promising improvement in microbial control. Metal nanoparticles have been applied in medical settings for adequate disease spread control and to overcome the challenges of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Recently, the demand for safe water supply has increased, requiring higher sanitation of the water treatment technology as well as being environmentally sustainable. However, the employed water disinfection technologies cannot meet the elevated demand due to limitations including chemical byproducts, immobility, energy consumption, etc. Metal nanomaterials are considered to be an alternative disinfection technology considering their high efficiency, mobility, and stability. A significant amount of research has been carried out on enhancing the antimicrobial efficiency of metal nanomaterials and determining the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of emerging metal nanomaterials development, including the synthesis method, material characteristics, disinfection performance, environmental factors, potential mechanism, limitations, and future opportunities in the water disinfection process.
{"title":"How do material characteristics and antimicrobial mechanisms affect microbial control and water disinfection performance of metal nanoparticles?","authors":"Jinghan Zhao, Peihua Yan, Aizaz Qureshi, C. Yi","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Nanotechnology has been rapidly developing in the past decade, and metal nanomaterials have shown promising improvement in microbial control. Metal nanoparticles have been applied in medical settings for adequate disease spread control and to overcome the challenges of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Recently, the demand for safe water supply has increased, requiring higher sanitation of the water treatment technology as well as being environmentally sustainable. However, the employed water disinfection technologies cannot meet the elevated demand due to limitations including chemical byproducts, immobility, energy consumption, etc. Metal nanomaterials are considered to be an alternative disinfection technology considering their high efficiency, mobility, and stability. A significant amount of research has been carried out on enhancing the antimicrobial efficiency of metal nanomaterials and determining the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of emerging metal nanomaterials development, including the synthesis method, material characteristics, disinfection performance, environmental factors, potential mechanism, limitations, and future opportunities in the water disinfection process.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of ‘re-naturing cities’ promotes nature-based solutions for sustainable urban design; one of those being water-centric development with networks of blue (water bodies) and green (vegetation areas) aims to generate urban areas that support economic growth, strengthen social cohesion, and restore degraded ecosystems. Projects get implemented for revitalizing urban water bodies with multifunctional areas. This context demands to study water-centric development projects for evaluating their success of ‘re-naturing cities’ in terms of achieving sustainable goals. This research analyzes a part of a canal restoration project of Narayanganj City, Bangladesh, for investigating the development process and understanding its effectiveness in achieving sustainable goals. The study employs multiple qualitative tools for capturing users' views (emic analysis) and researchers' views (etic analysis). The combined understanding identifies that the project focuses primarily on adding an aesthetically pleasing element to the urban fabric, overlooking multiple socioeconomic and ecological possibilities of living with water.
{"title":"Re-naturing cities through water-centric development: evaluating a canal restoration project in Narayanganj City, Bangladesh","authors":"Imon Chowdhooree, T. Aziz","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The concept of ‘re-naturing cities’ promotes nature-based solutions for sustainable urban design; one of those being water-centric development with networks of blue (water bodies) and green (vegetation areas) aims to generate urban areas that support economic growth, strengthen social cohesion, and restore degraded ecosystems. Projects get implemented for revitalizing urban water bodies with multifunctional areas. This context demands to study water-centric development projects for evaluating their success of ‘re-naturing cities’ in terms of achieving sustainable goals. This research analyzes a part of a canal restoration project of Narayanganj City, Bangladesh, for investigating the development process and understanding its effectiveness in achieving sustainable goals. The study employs multiple qualitative tools for capturing users' views (emic analysis) and researchers' views (etic analysis). The combined understanding identifies that the project focuses primarily on adding an aesthetically pleasing element to the urban fabric, overlooking multiple socioeconomic and ecological possibilities of living with water.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abolfazl Poozan, M. J. Burns, M. Arora, A. Western
Urbanization alters the flow regime of streams, including increasing the frequency and magnitude of storm flows, along with reducing baseflows. An increasingly common management strategy is stormwater infiltration, which is thought to reduce surface runoff and recharge groundwater and thus restore lost baseflows to streams. Recent research has pointed to considerable uncertainty on the fate of infiltrated stormwater, particularly due to the presence of human-made underground infrastructure – e.g. sewer and water supply pipes, telecommunication cables. Such infrastructure is commonly housed in trenches partially filled with highly permeable material and this can cause urban karst like flow conditions. We used a dynamic subsurface flow model (HYDRUS-3D) to predict the impact of the urban karst on the fate of infiltrated stormwater. The model was constructed with the presence of a sewer pipe situated between an infiltration basin and a stream. The model predicted that the impact of the urban karst on infiltrated stormwater increases with higher groundwater levels, and greater contrast between hydraulic conductivity of regional soil and gravel which surrounds the sewer pipe. Results suggest that it is important to consider the impact of the urban karst in cases where the goal of stormwater infiltration is baseflow restoration.
{"title":"Quantifying the impact of the urban karst on infiltrated stormwater","authors":"Abolfazl Poozan, M. J. Burns, M. Arora, A. Western","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Urbanization alters the flow regime of streams, including increasing the frequency and magnitude of storm flows, along with reducing baseflows. An increasingly common management strategy is stormwater infiltration, which is thought to reduce surface runoff and recharge groundwater and thus restore lost baseflows to streams. Recent research has pointed to considerable uncertainty on the fate of infiltrated stormwater, particularly due to the presence of human-made underground infrastructure – e.g. sewer and water supply pipes, telecommunication cables. Such infrastructure is commonly housed in trenches partially filled with highly permeable material and this can cause urban karst like flow conditions. We used a dynamic subsurface flow model (HYDRUS-3D) to predict the impact of the urban karst on the fate of infiltrated stormwater. The model was constructed with the presence of a sewer pipe situated between an infiltration basin and a stream. The model predicted that the impact of the urban karst on infiltrated stormwater increases with higher groundwater levels, and greater contrast between hydraulic conductivity of regional soil and gravel which surrounds the sewer pipe. Results suggest that it is important to consider the impact of the urban karst in cases where the goal of stormwater infiltration is baseflow restoration.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integrated hydrological model is a powerful tool that is used to assess the temporal distribution of fresh groundwater discharge especially in coastal areas. The coastal regions of Hawaii are examples of crucial natural resources for the Hawaiian economy and general ecological health. To fully comprehend the intricate interactions between coastal hydrology processes and ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) at the Heeia shoreline using an integrated hydrological modeling technique. Under steady-state settings, the results showed that the present daily average of FSGD is around 0.43 m3/days across 1 m of the shoreline. However, we showed that the FSGD values were considerably impacted by climate change, groundwater head of the coastal aquifer, recharge rate, and sea level rise, particularly by the end of the 21st century. The post-development FSGD fluxes were 1.5–3.5 times greater than the freshwater transported by the Heeia stream, demonstrating the considerable contribution of the FSGD to the coastal zones of Heeia. The results also showed an exponential association between the FSGD and the groundwater level for the coastal unconfined aquifer.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal estimation of fresh submarine groundwater discharge across the coastal shorelines of Oahu Island, Hawaii","authors":"K. A. Ghazal, O. T. Leta, H. Dulai","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The integrated hydrological model is a powerful tool that is used to assess the temporal distribution of fresh groundwater discharge especially in coastal areas. The coastal regions of Hawaii are examples of crucial natural resources for the Hawaiian economy and general ecological health. To fully comprehend the intricate interactions between coastal hydrology processes and ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) at the Heeia shoreline using an integrated hydrological modeling technique. Under steady-state settings, the results showed that the present daily average of FSGD is around 0.43 m3/days across 1 m of the shoreline. However, we showed that the FSGD values were considerably impacted by climate change, groundwater head of the coastal aquifer, recharge rate, and sea level rise, particularly by the end of the 21st century. The post-development FSGD fluxes were 1.5–3.5 times greater than the freshwater transported by the Heeia stream, demonstrating the considerable contribution of the FSGD to the coastal zones of Heeia. The results also showed an exponential association between the FSGD and the groundwater level for the coastal unconfined aquifer.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Manuel Tunqui Neira, M. Gromaire, K. Chancibault, G. Chebbo
Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are designed according to different urban stormwater management criteria. These criteria are usually the basis for the conception of SCM typologies. Although these typologies are useful, there is currently no typology that can generically describe all the diversity of SCMs and that is adapted for modeling. Thus, a new typology is proposed here. This typology is based on two criteria commonly used in stormwater management: the hydrological function and the type of structure. These two criteria are combined through a cross table. This combination yields the identification of 16 groups of SCMs represented graphically by physical compartments. These groups make it possible to represent a large diversity of existing SCMs. The new typology also allows a more adequate identification and conceptualization – via a reservoir-type approach – of the different hydrological and reactive processes occurring at the SCM level.
{"title":"Toward a comprehensive functional typology of stormwater control measures for hydrological and water quality modeling purposes","authors":"José Manuel Tunqui Neira, M. Gromaire, K. Chancibault, G. Chebbo","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are designed according to different urban stormwater management criteria. These criteria are usually the basis for the conception of SCM typologies. Although these typologies are useful, there is currently no typology that can generically describe all the diversity of SCMs and that is adapted for modeling. Thus, a new typology is proposed here. This typology is based on two criteria commonly used in stormwater management: the hydrological function and the type of structure. These two criteria are combined through a cross table. This combination yields the identification of 16 groups of SCMs represented graphically by physical compartments. These groups make it possible to represent a large diversity of existing SCMs. The new typology also allows a more adequate identification and conceptualization – via a reservoir-type approach – of the different hydrological and reactive processes occurring at the SCM level.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44288612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garance Gougeon, O. Bouattour, Emma Formankova, Julien St-Laurent, Samuel Doucet, S. Dorner, Sandrine Lacroix, M. Kuller, D. Dagenais, F. Bichai
The performance of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has been well documented in temperate and subtropical climates, but evidence supporting its application in cold climates, especially during snowmelt, is still scarce. To address this gap, the present study proposes a modeling method for simulating the performance of bioretention cells during snowmelt according to different spatial implementation scenarios. We used the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a catchment in a medium-sized city in Quebec, Canada as a case study. Pollutants commonly found in the snow (TSS, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cl–) were included in the model using event mean concentrations (EMCs) documented in the literature. Bioretention cells performed best on industrial road sites for the entire snowmelt period. Bioretention cell performance was affected by snow management procedures applied to the roads in residential areas. Not modeling the snow cover build-up and meltdown in the simulation led to higher runoff and bioretention cell performance. Modeling results facilitated the identification of bioretention cell sites that efficiently controlled runoff during snowmelt. Such information is needed to support decision planning for BGI in cities with cold climate.
{"title":"Impact of bioretention cells in cities with a cold climate: modeling snow management based on a case study","authors":"Garance Gougeon, O. Bouattour, Emma Formankova, Julien St-Laurent, Samuel Doucet, S. Dorner, Sandrine Lacroix, M. Kuller, D. Dagenais, F. Bichai","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The performance of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has been well documented in temperate and subtropical climates, but evidence supporting its application in cold climates, especially during snowmelt, is still scarce. To address this gap, the present study proposes a modeling method for simulating the performance of bioretention cells during snowmelt according to different spatial implementation scenarios. We used the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a catchment in a medium-sized city in Quebec, Canada as a case study. Pollutants commonly found in the snow (TSS, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cl–) were included in the model using event mean concentrations (EMCs) documented in the literature. Bioretention cells performed best on industrial road sites for the entire snowmelt period. Bioretention cell performance was affected by snow management procedures applied to the roads in residential areas. Not modeling the snow cover build-up and meltdown in the simulation led to higher runoff and bioretention cell performance. Modeling results facilitated the identification of bioretention cell sites that efficiently controlled runoff during snowmelt. Such information is needed to support decision planning for BGI in cities with cold climate.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With increasing global challenges such as climate change and urbanisation, it is essential to relook at ingenious ways that water has been managed in the past and continues to be managed. This paper looks at heritage water management systems that have existed for centuries from an exploratory research approach. The ‘mosaic model’ from the landscape ecology scholarship is applied to understand the spatial components and linkages of these systems. The paper starts with the key features of heritage water systems, then moves to establish a close link between green infrastructure and heritage water systems. Finally, we explore a few select cases by applying the mosaic model to understand the heritage water systems. One of these cases is then further demonstrated to provide an insight into the systems and enable its spatial-wise use in the present fabric.
{"title":"Re-integration of heritage water systems: spatial lessons for present-day water management","authors":"Ashwini More, C. Walsh, R. Dawson","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2022.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2022.121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With increasing global challenges such as climate change and urbanisation, it is essential to relook at ingenious ways that water has been managed in the past and continues to be managed. This paper looks at heritage water management systems that have existed for centuries from an exploratory research approach. The ‘mosaic model’ from the landscape ecology scholarship is applied to understand the spatial components and linkages of these systems. The paper starts with the key features of heritage water systems, then moves to establish a close link between green infrastructure and heritage water systems. Finally, we explore a few select cases by applying the mosaic model to understand the heritage water systems. One of these cases is then further demonstrated to provide an insight into the systems and enable its spatial-wise use in the present fabric.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noëmie Probst, P. Bach, L. Cook, M. Maurer, J. Leitão
Reflected in the growing body of literature, urban heat mitigation is increasingly relevant as cities experience extreme heat, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanisation. Most studies focus on urban–rural temperature differences, known as the Urban Heat Island, which does not provide insight into urban heat dynamics. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on spatio-temporal variations of heat sources and sinks, showing that a targeted and absolute understanding of urban heat dynamics rather than an urban–rural comparison should be encouraged. We discuss mechanisms of heat sinks for microclimate control, provide a clear classification of Blue Green Systems and evaluate current knowledge of their effectiveness in urban heat mitigation. We consider planning and optimisation aspects of Blue Green Infrastructure (greenery and water bodies/features), interactions with hard surfaces and practices that ensure space and water availability. Blue Green Systems can positively affect urban microclimates, especially when strategically planned to achieve synergies. Effectiveness is governed by their dominant cooling mechanisms that show diurnal and seasonal variability and depend upon background climatic conditions and characteristics of surrounding urban areas. Situationally appropriate combination of various types of Blue Green Systems and their connectivity increases heat mitigation potential while providing multiple ecosystem services but requires further research.
{"title":"Blue Green Systems for urban heat mitigation: mechanisms, effectiveness and research directions","authors":"Noëmie Probst, P. Bach, L. Cook, M. Maurer, J. Leitão","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reflected in the growing body of literature, urban heat mitigation is increasingly relevant as cities experience extreme heat, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanisation. Most studies focus on urban–rural temperature differences, known as the Urban Heat Island, which does not provide insight into urban heat dynamics. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on spatio-temporal variations of heat sources and sinks, showing that a targeted and absolute understanding of urban heat dynamics rather than an urban–rural comparison should be encouraged. We discuss mechanisms of heat sinks for microclimate control, provide a clear classification of Blue Green Systems and evaluate current knowledge of their effectiveness in urban heat mitigation. We consider planning and optimisation aspects of Blue Green Infrastructure (greenery and water bodies/features), interactions with hard surfaces and practices that ensure space and water availability. Blue Green Systems can positively affect urban microclimates, especially when strategically planned to achieve synergies. Effectiveness is governed by their dominant cooling mechanisms that show diurnal and seasonal variability and depend upon background climatic conditions and characteristics of surrounding urban areas. Situationally appropriate combination of various types of Blue Green Systems and their connectivity increases heat mitigation potential while providing multiple ecosystem services but requires further research.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yali Li, A. Deletic, R. Henry, Tong Zhang, D. Mccarthy
Low-cost granular filter media with hybrid bacterial adsorption and survival inhibition capability is highly desired for the development of a low-impact water filtration system. In addition to overall removal, a deeper understanding of the fate and transport behaviour of bacteria in such systems should also be obtained to guide system operation. In this study, copper(II) hydroxide nanoparticles-modified granular activated carbon via a single-step in situ coating was prepared and denoted as CuH-G. Copper release behaviour and Escherichia coli removal efficiency of CuH-G were studied in saturated columns as a function of salinity, flow rate, and hydraulic loading. Copper release decreased exponentially on increasing salinity in test water, which potentiates controlled copper release for desired bacteria inhibition efficiency. With an effective contact time of 3.7 min, CuH-G provided 3.0 and 1.6 log E. coli removal in test water of salinity 237 and 680 μS/cm, respectively. Copper leaching at these two salinities were 1.7 and 0.74 mg/l, respectively below the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling: Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies. Further study of E. coli transport and deposition behaviour in heat-treated CuH-G at 160 °C revealed that the observed removal was largely attributed to enhanced attachment during filtration and survival inhibition post filtration.
{"title":"Copper(II) hydroxide/oxide-coated granular activated carbon for E. coli removal in water","authors":"Yali Li, A. Deletic, R. Henry, Tong Zhang, D. Mccarthy","doi":"10.2166/bgs.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Low-cost granular filter media with hybrid bacterial adsorption and survival inhibition capability is highly desired for the development of a low-impact water filtration system. In addition to overall removal, a deeper understanding of the fate and transport behaviour of bacteria in such systems should also be obtained to guide system operation. In this study, copper(II) hydroxide nanoparticles-modified granular activated carbon via a single-step in situ coating was prepared and denoted as CuH-G. Copper release behaviour and Escherichia coli removal efficiency of CuH-G were studied in saturated columns as a function of salinity, flow rate, and hydraulic loading. Copper release decreased exponentially on increasing salinity in test water, which potentiates controlled copper release for desired bacteria inhibition efficiency. With an effective contact time of 3.7 min, CuH-G provided 3.0 and 1.6 log E. coli removal in test water of salinity 237 and 680 μS/cm, respectively. Copper leaching at these two salinities were 1.7 and 0.74 mg/l, respectively below the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling: Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies. Further study of E. coli transport and deposition behaviour in heat-treated CuH-G at 160 °C revealed that the observed removal was largely attributed to enhanced attachment during filtration and survival inhibition post filtration.","PeriodicalId":9337,"journal":{"name":"Blue-Green Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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