{"title":"Amplifying the human body’s innate “rapid response” systems to inflammation and oxidative stress","authors":"Bernie Landes, J. Repine","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_9_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_9_2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73914019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Temdie, M. G. K. Minoue, Arnaud Doumogne Djasrane, A. L. Fotio, Pierre Jidibe, Emmanuel Le Fils Doumarsou Boumzina, T. Dimo
Liver disease is a serious public health problem. There are many causes of liver disease and the liver is a vital organ in the body, so when it is damaged, its function can be affected. Cochlospermum tinctorium is a plant commonly used by Central African populations to relieve liver-related ailments such as jaundice and hepatitis. This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous leafy stem extract of C. tinctorium against liver injury induced by subacute exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Thirty rats were distributed into six groups including control (H2O), healthy control (H2O), positive control (silymarin 25 mg/kg), extract control (aqueous leafy stem extract 50 mg/kg), and tests (aqueous leafy stem extract 50 or 25 mg/kg). Liver injury was induced by CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg) on the 4th and 11th days of the treatment. Rats were sacrificed on the 15th day, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) activity, and serum levels of total bilirubin, creatinine, and tissue oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. Histological examinations of the liver and kidney were performed. A phytochemical study of C. tinctorium aqueous leafy stem extract was done. This study showed that C. tinctorium aqueous leafy stem extract (50 or 25 mg/kg) significantly reduced (P < 0.01) ALT (94.79 ± 14.99 U/L) and γ-GT (10.08 ± 5.40 U/L) activity, and decreased the serum total bilirubin level compared to control. The aqueous leafy stem extract significantly diminished (P < 0.01) tissue MDA level (2.67 ± 0.05 µmol/mg protein), increased glutathione level (347.08 ± 10.81 nmol/mg protein), catalase (131.03 ± 6.99 µmol/ min/mg protein), and SOD activity (86.0 ±1.50 U/mg). Liver microphotography showed hepatic parenchyma with almost no leukocyte infiltration in the portal and perisinusoidal spaces, and an important reduction of cell necrosis following treatment with the aqueous leafy stem extract compared to the control. These results demonstrate that the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous leafy stem extract of C. tinctorium may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may, therefore, justify the use of this plant as a candidate for complementary study to proceed with the development of medicine against liver diseases.
{"title":"Influence of aqueous leafy stem extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae) on liver injury induced by subacute exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride","authors":"R. Temdie, M. G. K. Minoue, Arnaud Doumogne Djasrane, A. L. Fotio, Pierre Jidibe, Emmanuel Le Fils Doumarsou Boumzina, T. Dimo","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_8_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_8_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Liver disease is a serious public health problem. There are many causes of liver disease and the liver is a vital organ in the body, so when it is damaged, its function can be affected. Cochlospermum tinctorium is a plant commonly used by Central African populations to relieve liver-related ailments such as jaundice and hepatitis. This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous leafy stem extract of C. tinctorium against liver injury induced by subacute exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thirty rats were distributed into six groups including control (H2O), healthy control (H2O), positive control (silymarin 25 mg/kg), extract control (aqueous leafy stem extract 50 mg/kg), and tests (aqueous leafy stem extract 50 or 25 mg/kg). Liver injury was induced by CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg) on the 4th and 11th days of the treatment. Rats were sacrificed on the 15th day, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) activity, and serum levels of total bilirubin, creatinine, and tissue oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. Histological examinations of the liver and kidney were performed. A phytochemical study of C. tinctorium aqueous leafy stem extract was done.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study showed that C. tinctorium aqueous leafy stem extract (50 or 25 mg/kg) significantly reduced (P < 0.01) ALT (94.79 ± 14.99 U/L) and γ-GT (10.08 ± 5.40 U/L) activity, and decreased the serum total bilirubin level compared to control. The aqueous leafy stem extract significantly diminished (P < 0.01) tissue MDA level (2.67 ± 0.05 µmol/mg protein), increased glutathione level (347.08 ± 10.81 nmol/mg protein), catalase (131.03 ± 6.99 µmol/ min/mg protein), and SOD activity (86.0 ±1.50 U/mg). Liver microphotography showed hepatic parenchyma with almost no leukocyte infiltration in the portal and perisinusoidal spaces, and an important reduction of cell necrosis following treatment with the aqueous leafy stem extract compared to the control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These results demonstrate that the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous leafy stem extract of C. tinctorium may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may, therefore, justify the use of this plant as a candidate for complementary study to proceed with the development of medicine against liver diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78213655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Preuss, G. Kaats, Nate Mrvichin, D. Bagchi, O. Aruoma
Data gathered from healthy and non-diabetic volunteers who previously had participated in assorted clinical research trials, reveal that many medical risk factors primarily related to insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) gradually intensify between ages 25 and 70 years. This phase here labeled “Continuum of risks” (CR) is a period whereby the metabolic changes that correlate with health situations adjust unfavorably but never exceed nor fall outside ranges that would diagnose established pathological diseases. The strengths of some of these risk factors unexpectedly reverted in an opposite and beneficial direction. This occurred somewhere beyond age 70 years. This phenomenon is defined as “Aging paradox” (AP). Because comparing data from the CR and AP periods did not reveal any significant differences in the glucose-insulin relationships with other components of MS, the beneficial happenings in AP were attributed to “Survivor bias.” The meaning behind this is that those volunteers possessing the more promising profile of risk factors can contribute to clinical studies, while participants with poorer profiles cannot take part as volunteers in later life due to medical debilities or even death. Health-wise, the average values of the following markers changed in a favorable direction when evaluated in the later AP period: Body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase enzyme. The lowering of FBG levels signifies the lessening of IR, the well accepted driving force behind MS. In contrast, total, LDL-, and non-HDL-cholesterol levels as well as systolic blood pressure essentially did not transform favorably over time. Health parameters associated with active survival should be at the center of attention in any developing schema to extend meaningful longevity. Thus, natural regimens involving nutrition, exercise, and dietary supplement usage exist to carry out necessary therapeutic measures to mitigate IR and its disabling components – thus potentially contributing to a longer healthier lifespan.
{"title":"Employing an “aging paradox” to uncover effective measures for advancing productive longevity","authors":"H. Preuss, G. Kaats, Nate Mrvichin, D. Bagchi, O. Aruoma","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_4_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_4_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Data gathered from healthy and non-diabetic volunteers who previously had participated in assorted clinical research trials, reveal that many medical risk factors primarily related to insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) gradually intensify between ages 25 and 70 years. This phase here labeled “Continuum of risks” (CR) is a period whereby the metabolic changes that correlate with health situations adjust unfavorably but never exceed nor fall outside ranges that would diagnose established pathological diseases. The strengths of some of these risk factors unexpectedly reverted in an opposite and beneficial direction. This occurred somewhere beyond age 70 years. This phenomenon is defined as “Aging paradox” (AP). Because comparing data from the CR and AP periods did not reveal any significant differences in the glucose-insulin relationships with other components of MS, the beneficial happenings in AP were attributed to “Survivor bias.” The meaning behind this is that those volunteers possessing the more promising profile of risk factors can contribute to clinical studies, while participants with poorer profiles cannot take part as volunteers in later life due to medical debilities or even death. Health-wise, the average values of the following markers changed in a favorable direction when evaluated in the later AP period: Body weight, fat mass, fat free mass, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase enzyme. The lowering of FBG levels signifies the lessening of IR, the well accepted driving force behind MS. In contrast, total, LDL-, and non-HDL-cholesterol levels as well as systolic blood pressure essentially did not transform favorably over time. Health parameters associated with active survival should be at the center of attention in any developing schema to extend meaningful longevity. Thus, natural regimens involving nutrition, exercise, and dietary supplement usage exist to carry out necessary therapeutic measures to mitigate IR and its disabling components – thus potentially contributing to a longer healthier lifespan.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75995356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several systems are being developed and investigated for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. A crucial challenge is the ability to maintain vaccine efficacy through the use of an effective delivery system. Some of these vaccine delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been approved for the use by regulatory authorities in numerous countries. LNPs are currently used for the delivery of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNtech vaccines. LNPs consist of four constituents: Cholesterol for LNP stabilization, cationic lipids for the protection of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules from nuclease degradation, and helper phospholipids that aid the formation and intracellular release of mRNA and PEGylated lipids that reduce nonspecific interactions. Researchers have also used virus-like particles (VLPs) for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. VLPs consist of several hollow viral proteins without the viral genome. VLPs are structurally identical to the native virus and can activate the human adaptive immune response. The nanosized VLPs self-assemblies have investigated as potential platforms for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. Liposomal vesicles are amphiphilic since the polar headgroups of phospholipids are oriented toward water molecules and the hydrophobic chains are in the internal area of the vesicles. The rationale behind the utilization of liposomes as vaccine delivery systems is their versatility and flexibility. Messenger RNA coding for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be entrapped into liposomes that are designed to remain stable in the bloodstream until their uptake by phagocytic cells. Other vaccine delivery approaches such as the use of microneedles and electroporation provide transdermal vaccine transport enable COVID-19 vaccines to cross the skin but not the cells of deep-lying tissues.
{"title":"Advances in the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines","authors":"K. Ita","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_3_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_3_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Several systems are being developed and investigated for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. A crucial challenge is the ability to maintain vaccine efficacy through the use of an effective delivery system. Some of these vaccine delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been approved for the use by regulatory authorities in numerous countries. LNPs are currently used for the delivery of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNtech vaccines. LNPs consist of four constituents: Cholesterol for LNP stabilization, cationic lipids for the protection of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules from nuclease degradation, and helper phospholipids that aid the formation and intracellular release of mRNA and PEGylated lipids that reduce nonspecific interactions. Researchers have also used virus-like particles (VLPs) for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. VLPs consist of several hollow viral proteins without the viral genome. VLPs are structurally identical to the native virus and can activate the human adaptive immune response. The nanosized VLPs self-assemblies have investigated as potential platforms for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. Liposomal vesicles are amphiphilic since the polar headgroups of phospholipids are oriented toward water molecules and the hydrophobic chains are in the internal area of the vesicles. The rationale behind the utilization of liposomes as vaccine delivery systems is their versatility and flexibility. Messenger RNA coding for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be entrapped into liposomes that are designed to remain stable in the bloodstream until their uptake by phagocytic cells. Other vaccine delivery approaches such as the use of microneedles and electroporation provide transdermal vaccine transport enable COVID-19 vaccines to cross the skin but not the cells of deep-lying tissues.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83995097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease represented a systemic stress test of sorts on a global scale both in rich and poor nations. As a disease without borders, it exposed how rapidly health system capacity can be overwhelmed, resulting in massive loss of lives and how vaccine access and equitable distribution may contribute to a reverse in pandemic deleterious outcomes, while communities and regions that suffer disproportionate inequitable distribution of available vaccines may be more prone to dismal health outcomes. Contrary to the traditional vaccine development timeline, SARS-CoV-2 disease created a global health emergency that fostered global cooperation in public and private sector and encouraged warp-speed vaccine development through mRNA and viral vector vaccine technology platforms. The success of any medical or public health intervention is predicated on both rapid development of intervention agents and equitable and widespread access. While community pharmacy density was pivotal to vaccine access in the United States, other parts of the developing world can continue to deploy channels already in use for other community disease containment efforts while striving to improve pharmacy density. In the United States, vaccine access through community pharmacies facilitated the pandemic-to-endemic transition, same access; to rapid testing and early treatment would curtail the disease, minimize disease outbreaks, and prevent health system capacity stress. Pharmacists and other health-care professionals should expect larger number of their patients showing up with long-term systemic implications of COVID-19, either as survivors of COVID-19 disease or survivors of relatives lost to COVID-19 disease.
{"title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 disease and the community pharmacist: Practical lessons from the trenches","authors":"Olugbade Omotoso Bolanle","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_5_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_5_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease represented a systemic stress test of sorts on a global scale both in rich and poor nations. As a disease without borders, it exposed how rapidly health system capacity can be overwhelmed, resulting in massive loss of lives and how vaccine access and equitable distribution may contribute to a reverse in pandemic deleterious outcomes, while communities and regions that suffer disproportionate inequitable distribution of available vaccines may be more prone to dismal health outcomes. Contrary to the traditional vaccine development timeline, SARS-CoV-2 disease created a global health emergency that fostered global cooperation in public and private sector and encouraged warp-speed vaccine development through mRNA and viral vector vaccine technology platforms. The success of any medical or public health intervention is predicated on both rapid development of intervention agents and equitable and widespread access. While community pharmacy density was pivotal to vaccine access in the United States, other parts of the developing world can continue to deploy channels already in use for other community disease containment efforts while striving to improve pharmacy density. In the United States, vaccine access through community pharmacies facilitated the pandemic-to-endemic transition, same access; to rapid testing and early treatment would curtail the disease, minimize disease outbreaks, and prevent health system capacity stress. Pharmacists and other health-care professionals should expect larger number of their patients showing up with long-term systemic implications of COVID-19, either as survivors of COVID-19 disease or survivors of relatives lost to COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"96 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87685650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Farombi, I. Awogbindin, T. Farombi, Cynthia N. Ikeji, A. A. Adebisi, I. Adedara, O. Aruoma
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family, remains a pandemic and of public health concern with ascending morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It continues to affect millions of people despite tremendous social preventive measures and novel vaccines developed recently. The main pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated levels of cytokine release causing “cytokine storm,” an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines leading to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Subsequent cascade of events causes pneumonia and respiratory failure, touted as a major contributor to COVID-19-associated fatality rates. Therefore, effective therapeutic strategy should center on suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and modulation of immune response. However, certain drugs developed as antivirals and/or immunomodulators have not been very effective against the disease. Recent investigations involving epidemiological and scientific findings show that plant-based phytochemicals with robust anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties can prevent and manage COVID-19. Garcinia kola and its bioflavonoid-derived phytochemical known as kolaviron have been shown to be relevant traditionally and experimentally in the management and treatment of diseases including viral infection. The emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of kolaviron and the context of the same for SARS-CoV-2 infections suggests that the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of Kolaviron can have value added benchmark to anchor the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods as adjuncts for COVID-19 management.
{"title":"Possible role of Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola bioflavonoid in inflammation associated COVID-19 infection","authors":"E. Farombi, I. Awogbindin, T. Farombi, Cynthia N. Ikeji, A. A. Adebisi, I. Adedara, O. Aruoma","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_1_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_1_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family, remains a pandemic and of public health concern with ascending morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It continues to affect millions of people despite tremendous social preventive measures and novel vaccines developed recently. The main pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated levels of cytokine release causing “cytokine storm,” an aberrant response from the host immune system that induces an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines leading to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Subsequent cascade of events causes pneumonia and respiratory failure, touted as a major contributor to COVID-19-associated fatality rates. Therefore, effective therapeutic strategy should center on suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and modulation of immune response. However, certain drugs developed as antivirals and/or immunomodulators have not been very effective against the disease. Recent investigations involving epidemiological and scientific findings show that plant-based phytochemicals with robust anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties can prevent and manage COVID-19. Garcinia kola and its bioflavonoid-derived phytochemical known as kolaviron have been shown to be relevant traditionally and experimentally in the management and treatment of diseases including viral infection. The emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of kolaviron and the context of the same for SARS-CoV-2 infections suggests that the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of Kolaviron can have value added benchmark to anchor the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods as adjuncts for COVID-19 management.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86177741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Anetor, T. Adigun, E. Bolajoko, G. O. Anetor, B. Orimadegun, M. Akiibinu, G. Igharo, A. Iyanda, Oluwakemi O. Ademola-Aremu, Chukwuemelie Z. Uche
There is increasing exposure to petrochemicals, including benzene, particularly in the low and medium-income countries. Benzene is a component of many petrochemicals and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Phenol is one of its principal metabolites and serves as a biomarker of exposure to benzene. The mechanism of its toxicity is incompletely elucidated. Benzene’s interaction with key micronutrients; copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in the haemopoietic system has only been poorly explored, particularly in the developing countries where their status is variable and uncertain, with attendant intense exposure to petrochemicals. Two groups of 50 gasoline dispensers (GDs) and 50 non-occupationally exposed participants were selected from Oye Local Government Area, Nigeria. The duration of occupational exposure was 2–10 years. Serum levels of Cu, Fe, and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry while heme and phenol were determined by standard spectrophotometry. Phenol was significantly higher in GDs (P = 0.000), compared to controls (P < 0.05). The micronutrients, Cu, Fe, and Zn were all significantly decreased in GDs compared to controls (P = 0.000 in all cases). Phenol and Fe demonstrated significant inverse correlation (r = −0.557, P = 0.00), while heme and Zn also exhibited inverse correlation respectively to phenol (r = −0.38, P = 0.01; r = −0.37, P = 0.01). These data suggest intense perturbation of the haemopoietic system in GDs; likely from altered xenobiotic metabolism requiring heme in cytochrome P450; cell cycle dysregulation, where Zn is pivotal, p53 suppression also dependent on Zn and oxidative stress all converging in haemopoietic dysregulation. Importantly, depression of these micronutrients implies potentiation of myelotoxicity and risk of myeloproliferation, probably arising from alterations in transcription, differentiation errors, genome instability, and derangement in cell signal transduction moderated by Zn; accentuating risk of myeloproliferation; suggesting a role for these micronutrients in chemoprevention. Understanding these events may be important in risk assessment, policy formulation, regulatory measures and chemoprevention in GDs and the general population.
{"title":"Deranged hembiosynthetic pathway in gasoline dispensers in Nigeria: Implications for risk of myeloproliferative disorders and chemoprevention","authors":"J. Anetor, T. Adigun, E. Bolajoko, G. O. Anetor, B. Orimadegun, M. Akiibinu, G. Igharo, A. Iyanda, Oluwakemi O. Ademola-Aremu, Chukwuemelie Z. Uche","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_10_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_10_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There is increasing exposure to petrochemicals, including benzene, particularly in the low and medium-income countries. Benzene is a component of many petrochemicals and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Phenol is one of its principal metabolites and serves as a biomarker of exposure to benzene. The mechanism of its toxicity is incompletely elucidated. Benzene’s interaction with key micronutrients; copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in the haemopoietic system has only been poorly explored, particularly in the developing countries where their status is variable and uncertain, with attendant intense exposure to petrochemicals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two groups of 50 gasoline dispensers (GDs) and 50 non-occupationally exposed participants were selected from Oye Local Government Area, Nigeria. The duration of occupational exposure was 2–10 years. Serum levels of Cu, Fe, and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry while heme and phenol were determined by standard spectrophotometry.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Phenol was significantly higher in GDs (P = 0.000), compared to controls (P < 0.05). The micronutrients, Cu, Fe, and Zn were all significantly decreased in GDs compared to controls (P = 0.000 in all cases). Phenol and Fe demonstrated significant inverse correlation (r = −0.557, P = 0.00), while heme and Zn also exhibited inverse correlation respectively to phenol (r = −0.38, P = 0.01; r = −0.37, P = 0.01).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These data suggest intense perturbation of the haemopoietic system in GDs; likely from altered xenobiotic metabolism requiring heme in cytochrome P450; cell cycle dysregulation, where Zn is pivotal, p53 suppression also dependent on Zn and oxidative stress all converging in haemopoietic dysregulation. Importantly, depression of these micronutrients implies potentiation of myelotoxicity and risk of myeloproliferation, probably arising from alterations in transcription, differentiation errors, genome instability, and derangement in cell signal transduction moderated by Zn; accentuating risk of myeloproliferation; suggesting a role for these micronutrients in chemoprevention. Understanding these events may be important in risk assessment, policy formulation, regulatory measures and chemoprevention in GDs and the general population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"701 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Awogbindin, S. Onasanwo, Oluwatoyin G. Ezekiel, I. Akindoyeni, Yusuf Mustapha, O. Farombi
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder. Available therapies are palliative with no effect on disease progression. We have previously demonstrated that kolaviron (KV), a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, suppressed behavioral defect, redo-inflammation, and nigrostriatal pathology in rotenone PD model. The present study investigates the neuroprotective effect of KV focusing on DJ-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 10 mg/kg/day) was used to inhibit Nrf2. PD was established with four doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (20 mg/kg) at 2 h interval. MPTP mice were pre-treated with either KV (200 mg/kg/day), ATRA or both for 7 days before MPTP. Mice were evaluated for locomotor defects and indices of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission as well as pathological tyrosine hydroxylase expression PD were evaluated in the striatum. ATRA alone in mice did not exhibit neurobehavioral defect but caused striatal toxicity, mild nigrostriatal pathology, significant nitrosative stress, and Nrf2 cascade inhibition. KV+ATRA mice were slow in movement with frequent short-lived interruptions and oxidative striatal pathology. ATRA aggravated MPTP-associated locomotor incompetence and could not prevent nigrostriatal toxicity with evident vacuolated striosome and pyknotic/degenerating dopaminergic neurons. MPTP induced acute locomotor, exploratory, and motor incompetence, which was prevented by KV treatment. In addition, KV treatment restored MPTP-mediated depletion of endogenous antioxidant, striatal nitrosative stress, and oxidative damage with elevated DJ-1 level, potentiated Nrf2/NAD(P)H; quinone oxidoreductase-1 cytoprotective capacity, reduced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression, and limited striatal pathology. However, ATRA treatment attenuated all the protective effects of KV on MPTP-challenged mice. Meanwhile, other ATRA-combinations elicited significant DJ-1 and Nrf2 induction but are associated striatal toxicity/pathology. This suggests that KV may be conferring protection through a yet-undetermined DJ-1 downstream cytoprotective effect dependent on the KV-mediated attenuation of oxidative environment.
{"title":"Neuroprotection of Kolaviron by Regulation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mice Model of Parkinson Disease","authors":"I. Awogbindin, S. Onasanwo, Oluwatoyin G. Ezekiel, I. Akindoyeni, Yusuf Mustapha, O. Farombi","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_8_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_8_2021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder. Available therapies are palliative with no effect on disease progression. We have previously demonstrated that kolaviron (KV), a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, suppressed behavioral defect, redo-inflammation, and nigrostriatal pathology in rotenone PD model. The present study investigates the neuroprotective effect of KV focusing on DJ-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 10 mg/kg/day) was used to inhibit Nrf2. PD was established with four doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (20 mg/kg) at 2 h interval. MPTP mice were pre-treated with either KV (200 mg/kg/day), ATRA or both for 7 days before MPTP. Mice were evaluated for locomotor defects and indices of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurotransmission as well as pathological tyrosine hydroxylase expression PD were evaluated in the striatum.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000ATRA alone in mice did not exhibit neurobehavioral defect but caused striatal toxicity, mild nigrostriatal pathology, significant nitrosative stress, and Nrf2 cascade inhibition. KV+ATRA mice were slow in movement with frequent short-lived interruptions and oxidative striatal pathology. ATRA aggravated MPTP-associated locomotor incompetence and could not prevent nigrostriatal toxicity with evident vacuolated striosome and pyknotic/degenerating dopaminergic neurons. MPTP induced acute locomotor, exploratory, and motor incompetence, which was prevented by KV treatment. In addition, KV treatment restored MPTP-mediated depletion of endogenous antioxidant, striatal nitrosative stress, and oxidative damage with elevated DJ-1 level, potentiated Nrf2/NAD(P)H; quinone oxidoreductase-1 cytoprotective capacity, reduced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression, and limited striatal pathology. However, ATRA treatment attenuated all the protective effects of KV on MPTP-challenged mice. Meanwhile, other ATRA-combinations elicited significant DJ-1 and Nrf2 induction but are associated striatal toxicity/pathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This suggests that KV may be conferring protection through a yet-undetermined DJ-1 downstream cytoprotective effect dependent on the KV-mediated attenuation of oxidative environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91247098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafsah Ramjane, T. Bahorun, B. Ramasawmy, D. Ramful-Baboolall, N. Boodia, O. Aruoma, V. Neergheen
Nutraceuticals and natural health products globally represent one of the fastest growing sectors of research and development leading to novel products intended for disease risk reduction and human health promotion. The global nutraceutical market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 8.3% from 2020 to 2027 to reach USD 722.5 billion by 2027. There is a need to respond to this sector by exploring the local resources to target the production of innovative products from plant/marine biofactors with high prospects for commercial ventures. This paper explores the nutraceutical potentials enshrined in biodiversity values in a small island state in view to promote sustainable agricultural development to facilitate available resources for the development of regimen for the management of health and disease and in essence, pharmacotherapy. The reported phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities, of the terrestrial flora and marine organisms with high propensity for development and production of nutraceutical products will be discussed. Bioactive phytochemicals encompassing the immensely diverse groups of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, possess therapeutic virtues including anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory attributes, all of which are highly relevant to the budding nutraceutical industry.
{"title":"Exploration of the Potential of Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity for the Development of Local Nutraceutical Products: A Case for Mauritius","authors":"Hafsah Ramjane, T. Bahorun, B. Ramasawmy, D. Ramful-Baboolall, N. Boodia, O. Aruoma, V. Neergheen","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_3_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_3_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Nutraceuticals and natural health products globally represent one of the fastest growing sectors of research and development leading to novel products intended for disease risk reduction and human health promotion. The global nutraceutical market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 8.3% from 2020 to 2027 to reach USD 722.5 billion by 2027. There is a need to respond to this sector by exploring the local resources to target the production of innovative products from plant/marine biofactors with high prospects for commercial ventures. This paper explores the nutraceutical potentials enshrined in biodiversity values in a small island state in view to promote sustainable agricultural development to facilitate available resources for the development of regimen for the management of health and disease and in essence, pharmacotherapy. The reported phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities, of the terrestrial flora and marine organisms with high propensity for development and production of nutraceutical products will be discussed. Bioactive phytochemicals encompassing the immensely diverse groups of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, possess therapeutic virtues including anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory attributes, all of which are highly relevant to the budding nutraceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Downs, S. Banik, M. Bagchi, Bruce S. Morrison, Matt Piacentino, S. Kushner, D. Bagchi
Metabolic competence in conjunction with well-balanced nutritional support is extremely important for normal biochemical and physiological functions, as well as for enhanced athletic performance. Research-affirmed nutraceuticals enriched in structurally diverse phytonutrients including bioflavonoids may help to boost athletic, functional, and biophysiological competence. Occurrence of chronic degenerative disorders is associated with an increase in anaerobic events, namely, the inability to effectively use oxygen and water, and inability to use nutrients for cellular energy production and management, metabolic homeostasis, and waste removal. Earlier clinical studies in our laboratories using the WADA compliant bioflavonoid-enriched Prodosomed VMP35 Multinutrient Complex (“Prodovite®”) demonstrated that it boosted aerobic metabolic competence and provided protection against diverse chronic degenerative anaerobic disorders. We hypothesized that Prodosomed VMP35 may serve as a novel supplement to boost athletic performance. The objective of the study was to conduct selected focused pilot studies to demonstrate the efficacy of a WADA compliant Prodosomed VMP35 to improve athletic competence and performance in a variety of sports activities. The efficacy of VMP35 was assessed in different models of sports performance/athletic competence including power lifting, resistance training, cycling, and selected case studies. VMP35 supplementation restored aerobic metabolic events, minimized oxidative stress, and improved athletic performance, recovery, and immune competence. These pilot clinical studies demonstrate that iron-free VMP35 restores aerobic metabolism by restoring iron-dependent hemoglobin to red blood cells, bolstering neutrophils in the blood (immune support), and significantly improving performance output in a diverse range of athletic activities.
{"title":"Assessment of a Novel Bioflavonoids and Phytonutrient Formulation in Enhancing Cellular Aerobic Glycolysis, Immunity, Sports Performance, and Mitigating Inflammation","authors":"B. Downs, S. Banik, M. Bagchi, Bruce S. Morrison, Matt Piacentino, S. Kushner, D. Bagchi","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_4_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_4_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic competence in conjunction with well-balanced nutritional support is extremely important for normal biochemical and physiological functions, as well as for enhanced athletic performance. Research-affirmed nutraceuticals enriched in structurally diverse phytonutrients including bioflavonoids may help to boost athletic, functional, and biophysiological competence. Occurrence of chronic degenerative disorders is associated with an increase in anaerobic events, namely, the inability to effectively use oxygen and water, and inability to use nutrients for cellular energy production and management, metabolic homeostasis, and waste removal. Earlier clinical studies in our laboratories using the WADA compliant bioflavonoid-enriched Prodosomed VMP35 Multinutrient Complex (“Prodovite®”) demonstrated that it boosted aerobic metabolic competence and provided protection against diverse chronic degenerative anaerobic disorders. We hypothesized that Prodosomed VMP35 may serve as a novel supplement to boost athletic performance. The objective of the study was to conduct selected focused pilot studies to demonstrate the efficacy of a WADA compliant Prodosomed VMP35 to improve athletic competence and performance in a variety of sports activities. The efficacy of VMP35 was assessed in different models of sports performance/athletic competence including power lifting, resistance training, cycling, and selected case studies. VMP35 supplementation restored aerobic metabolic events, minimized oxidative stress, and improved athletic performance, recovery, and immune competence. These pilot clinical studies demonstrate that iron-free VMP35 restores aerobic metabolism by restoring iron-dependent hemoglobin to red blood cells, bolstering neutrophils in the blood (immune support), and significantly improving performance output in a diverse range of athletic activities.","PeriodicalId":93408,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biopharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81841762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：