Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101006
H. Maurya, T. Kumar
{"title":"Clinical Exploration of Medicines used in the Patient with Nephrotic Disorders and its Consequence on Endocrine Function","authors":"H. Maurya, T. Kumar","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86306793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0102002
Battista Catania
{"title":"The Human Being is the One who Gives, The Receiver Lives from His Donation","authors":"Battista Catania","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0102002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0102002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0102003
V. Artyomenko, L. Berlinska
{"title":"Nephrogenous Predictors of Early Preeclampsia","authors":"V. Artyomenko, L. Berlinska","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0102003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0102003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87133091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101004
M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos
The membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in the adult, account for 20% of cases with annual incidence of 1/100.000. In the past 10 years the role of podocytes has been identified; environmental triggers in genetically predisposed patients can activate podocytes to exhibit antigenic epitopes (receptor of phospholipase A2, thrombospondin type 1) that become targets of specific auto antibodies with subsequent complement activation. The discovery of these mechanisms has opened new horizon in the therapy of MN and novel drugs are available with more specific mechanism of action. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 expressed on lymphocytes B, has been used in several trials and appears able to induce remission of nephrotic syndrome in 60% of patients (GEMRITUX trial) with similar risk profile. Nowadays it remains to define the most effective therapeutic pattern. In MN, the concept of targeting disease control has permit novel therapies with specific blocking mechanisms (belimumab) and non-specific (ACTH) and new therapeutic options, such as ofatumumab, bortezomib and eculizumab, that have allowed recognizing pathological processes involved in the glomerular diseases.
{"title":"New Aspects on Pathogenesis and Treatment of Membranous Glomerulopathy","authors":"M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101004","url":null,"abstract":"The membranous nephropathy (MN) is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in the adult, account for 20% of cases with annual incidence of 1/100.000. In the past 10 years the role of podocytes has been identified; environmental triggers in genetically predisposed patients can activate podocytes to exhibit antigenic epitopes (receptor of phospholipase A2, thrombospondin type 1) that become targets of specific auto antibodies with subsequent complement activation. The discovery of these mechanisms has opened new horizon in the therapy of MN and novel drugs are available with more specific mechanism of action. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 expressed on lymphocytes B, has been used in several trials and appears able to induce remission of nephrotic syndrome in 60% of patients (GEMRITUX trial) with similar risk profile. Nowadays it remains to define the most effective therapeutic pattern. In MN, the concept of targeting disease control has permit novel therapies with specific blocking mechanisms (belimumab) and non-specific (ACTH) and new therapeutic options, such as ofatumumab, bortezomib and eculizumab, that have allowed recognizing pathological processes involved in the glomerular diseases.","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76605179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0102001
M. Sasdelli
{"title":"Birth and Development of Bologna Nephrology School with Vittorio Bonomini E Pietro Zucchelli","authors":"M. Sasdelli","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0102001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0102001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89219769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0102006
C. Tsompos, C. Panoulis, K. Toutouzas, A. Triantafyllou, George C. Zografos, K. Tsarea, M. Karamperi, A. Papalois
{"title":"The Diverging Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389gon ?-Glutamyl Transferase Levels","authors":"C. Tsompos, C. Panoulis, K. Toutouzas, A. Triantafyllou, George C. Zografos, K. Tsarea, M. Karamperi, A. Papalois","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0102006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0102006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101005
M. Rroji, N. Spahia, A. Idrizi, M. Barbullushi, M. Sasdelli
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) has a variable course with frequent spontaneous remission, therefore some authors recommend only non-specific therapy. But in the cases with nephrotic syndrome, the risk of kidney failure is greater in the untreated patients than those who are treated. Various therapeutic schemes proposed in recent years have shown favorable results as a famous Ponticelli regimen, but almost all included the use of immunosuppressants. Although used at low doses, immunosuppressants have the risk of causing long-range tumors over the course of many years. The monotherapy with steroids is not recommended in this nephropathy. We have put in place a therapeutic protocol by usingonly methylprednisolone at low doses to see if it was possible to get a remission of nephrotic syndrome, in order to avoide important side effects. We have treated eleven patients with idiopathic adult membranous nephropathy documented so by renal biopsy and nephrotic syndrome. It was observed a complete remission in 7 patients and a partial remission patients. in 3patients. Onlyone patient did not respond. The follow-up was 17.5 months (3-48 months). In 5 patients total remission persisted after 28.8 months on average (12-48 months). In 2 patients with complete remission and 3 with partial remission, a recurrence of nephrotic syndrome occurred after an average of 6.2 months (3-12 months). These results seem interesting, but before drawing any conclusion, it will be necessary to extend the cases and the follow-up procedure.
{"title":"It is Necessary to use High Doses of Steroids in the Therapy of Membranous Nephropathy?","authors":"M. Rroji, N. Spahia, A. Idrizi, M. Barbullushi, M. Sasdelli","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101005","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) has a variable course with frequent spontaneous remission, therefore some authors recommend only non-specific therapy. But in the cases with nephrotic syndrome, the risk of kidney failure is greater in the untreated patients than those who are treated. Various therapeutic schemes proposed in recent years have shown favorable results as a famous Ponticelli regimen, but almost all included the use of immunosuppressants. Although used at low doses, immunosuppressants have the risk of causing long-range tumors over the course of many years. The monotherapy with steroids is not recommended in this nephropathy. We have put in place a therapeutic protocol by usingonly methylprednisolone at low doses to see if it was possible to get a remission of nephrotic syndrome, in order to avoide important side effects. We have treated eleven patients with idiopathic adult membranous nephropathy documented so by renal biopsy and nephrotic syndrome. It was observed a complete remission in 7 patients and a partial remission patients. in 3patients. Onlyone patient did not respond. The follow-up was 17.5 months (3-48 months). In 5 patients total remission persisted after 28.8 months on average (12-48 months). In 2 patients with complete remission and 3 with partial remission, a recurrence of nephrotic syndrome occurred after an average of 6.2 months (3-12 months). These results seem interesting, but before drawing any conclusion, it will be necessary to extend the cases and the follow-up procedure.","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75477397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101001
Ahad N. K. Yusufi, Sheeba Khan, Faiz N. K. Yusufi, Theresa J. Berndt, Franklin G. Knox, Thomas P. Dousa
{"title":"Effect of Nicotinamide on Phosphate Uptake by Renal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles (BBMV) from Superficial and Juxta-Medullary Cortex in Rats Fed a Normal (NPD) or Low Pi Diet (LPD)","authors":"Ahad N. K. Yusufi, Sheeba Khan, Faiz N. K. Yusufi, Theresa J. Berndt, Franklin G. Knox, Thomas P. Dousa","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72849482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101008
M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos
Antibodies that are specific to organ donor HLA have been involved in the majority of cases of antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. However, recent data show that production of non-HLA auto antibodies can occur before transplant in the form of natural autoantibodies. In contrast to HLAs, which are constitutively expressed on the cell surface of the allograft endothelium, auto antigens are usually cryptic. Tissue damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion, vascular injury and/or rejection creates permissive conditions for the expression of cryptic auto antigens, allowing these auto antibodies to bind antigenic targets and further enhance vascular inflammation and renal dysfunction. Antiperlecan/LG3 antibodies and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies have been found before transplant in patients with de novo transplants and portend negative long-term outcome in patients with renal transplants. Other auto antibodies documented to have negative effect over the outcome of heart transplant. In addition to the already cited antibodies anti angiotensin II type 1 receptor, these include antibodies against endothelin type A receptor, antibodies anti vimentin and anti myosin. Antibodies against collagen V and Ka1tubulin are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Recently, thanks to new techniques, new non-HLA antibodies have been found whose relevance in transplantation still need to be clarified. Finally, natural antibodies, previously thought to be protective, if present before transplantation in the IgG form have been documented to have a negative effect over the long-term survival of the transplanted organs.
{"title":"Relevance of Non-HLA Antibodies in Transplantation","authors":"M. Salvadori, A. Tsalouchos","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101008","url":null,"abstract":"Antibodies that are specific to organ donor HLA have been involved in the majority of cases of antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. However, recent data show that production of non-HLA auto antibodies can occur before transplant in the form of natural autoantibodies. In contrast to HLAs, which are constitutively expressed on the cell surface of the allograft endothelium, auto antigens are usually cryptic. Tissue damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion, vascular injury and/or rejection creates permissive conditions for the expression of cryptic auto antigens, allowing these auto antibodies to bind antigenic targets and further enhance vascular inflammation and renal dysfunction. Antiperlecan/LG3 antibodies and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies have been found before transplant in patients with de novo transplants and portend negative long-term outcome in patients with renal transplants. Other auto antibodies documented to have negative effect over the outcome of heart transplant. In addition to the already cited antibodies anti angiotensin II type 1 receptor, these include antibodies against endothelin type A receptor, antibodies anti vimentin and anti myosin. Antibodies against collagen V and Ka1tubulin are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Recently, thanks to new techniques, new non-HLA antibodies have been found whose relevance in transplantation still need to be clarified. Finally, natural antibodies, previously thought to be protective, if present before transplantation in the IgG form have been documented to have a negative effect over the long-term survival of the transplanted organs.","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88440439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22259/2639-3573.0101007
M. Cabibbe, M. Querques, C. Brunati, M. Grotti, A. Montoli, G. Colussi
A 80-year-old man with severe atherosclerosis and chronic renal disease related to ischemic nephropathy gradually developed diabetes and uraemia six years after a kidney transplant. Immunosuppression included rapamycin 1 mg qd, mycophenolic acid 500 mg qd and prednisone 2.5 mg qd. When CAPD was started only low dose prednisone was maintained to preserve residual kidney function. Thirty days into CAPD, the patient presented with fever (38.4°C): the abdomen was tender, the PD catheter exit site was healthy, the peritoneal fluid was clear. Chest, abdomen and brain imaging were negative. He had blood (17.340/mm3,) and peritoneal fluid (190/mm3) leucocytosis, CRP was increased at 10.2 mg/dl. Blood, urine and peritoneal effluent cultures were collected and iv. ceftriaxone 2 g qd was administered. Three days later the fever had disappeared but CRP increased to 17.8 mg/dl and peritoneal fluid leukocytes rose to 600/mm3. On day 6 the peritoneal effluent culture grew Cryptococcus Neoformans. Intravenous liposomal Amphotericine B 200 mg/day and Flucytosine 2.5 g/day were administered for 4 weeks, with prompt clinical improvement. The PD catheter was removed, and hemodialysis was started. Cryptococcal peritonitis is uncommon, with only 15 cases described in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients out of 61 reported between 1951 and 2012, but infection with the pathogen is a recognized complication of immunosuppression. Diagnosis is often difficult while prompt treatment is required. This potentially severe infection should be considered in any PD patients with clinical signs of culture negative peritonitis and recent or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy.
{"title":"A Case of Capd-Related Cryptococcus Peritonitis after Kidney Transplant Failure","authors":"M. Cabibbe, M. Querques, C. Brunati, M. Grotti, A. Montoli, G. Colussi","doi":"10.22259/2639-3573.0101007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22259/2639-3573.0101007","url":null,"abstract":"A 80-year-old man with severe atherosclerosis and chronic renal disease related to ischemic nephropathy gradually developed diabetes and uraemia six years after a kidney transplant. Immunosuppression included rapamycin 1 mg qd, mycophenolic acid 500 mg qd and prednisone 2.5 mg qd. When CAPD was started only low dose prednisone was maintained to preserve residual kidney function. Thirty days into CAPD, the patient presented with fever (38.4°C): the abdomen was tender, the PD catheter exit site was healthy, the peritoneal fluid was clear. Chest, abdomen and brain imaging were negative. He had blood (17.340/mm3,) and peritoneal fluid (190/mm3) leucocytosis, CRP was increased at 10.2 mg/dl. Blood, urine and peritoneal effluent cultures were collected and iv. ceftriaxone 2 g qd was administered. Three days later the fever had disappeared but CRP increased to 17.8 mg/dl and peritoneal fluid leukocytes rose to 600/mm3. On day 6 the peritoneal effluent culture grew Cryptococcus Neoformans. Intravenous liposomal Amphotericine B 200 mg/day and Flucytosine 2.5 g/day were administered for 4 weeks, with prompt clinical improvement. The PD catheter was removed, and hemodialysis was started. Cryptococcal peritonitis is uncommon, with only 15 cases described in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients out of 61 reported between 1951 and 2012, but infection with the pathogen is a recognized complication of immunosuppression. Diagnosis is often difficult while prompt treatment is required. This potentially severe infection should be considered in any PD patients with clinical signs of culture negative peritonitis and recent or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy.","PeriodicalId":93415,"journal":{"name":"Archives of nephrology & urology studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91219716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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