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Nutritional effects on mucosal integrity and immune function 营养对粘膜完整性和免疫功能的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00130
Lindsey B. Cundra, Manasa Vallabhaneni, Kevin V. Houston, Michael Saadeh, Alejandra Vargas, Steve M. D’Souza, David A. Johnson
The intestinal mucosal barrier plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and protecting the body from harmful toxins and pathogens. Nutrition additionally serves as a vital component in maintaining bodily homeostasis. Macronutrients, micronutrients, and specific dietary habits exert profound effects on the immune system. The complex interactions of the immune system reflect a multifaceted, integrated epithelial and immune cell-mediated regulatory system. While several factors can influence the intestinal mucosal barrier and its pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, such as myeloid cell, regulatory T cell (Treg), or intraepithelial lymphocyte populations, there is growing evidence that macronutrients play an essential role in regulating its function. Herein this is a review of the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to dietary effects on mucosal integrity, including intraepithelial lymphocyte populations and immune function. This review is intended to explore the underlying mechanisms by which macronutrients impact and modulate the mucosal immune system.
肠粘膜屏障在维持胃肠道(GI)的完整性以及保护人体免受有害毒素和病原体侵害方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此外,营养也是维持身体平衡的重要组成部分。宏量营养素、微量营养素和特定的饮食习惯对免疫系统有着深远的影响。免疫系统复杂的相互作用反映了一个多层面、综合的上皮细胞和免疫细胞介导的调节系统。虽然有多种因素可影响肠粘膜屏障及其促炎和抗炎过程,如髓细胞、调节性 T 细胞(Treg)或上皮内淋巴细胞群,但越来越多的证据表明,宏量营养素在调节肠粘膜屏障功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文综述了有关饮食对粘膜完整性(包括上皮内淋巴细胞群和免疫功能)影响的同行评审文献。本综述旨在探讨宏量营养素影响和调节粘膜免疫系统的内在机制。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding the impact of autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseases on inner ear harmony and hearing loss 解码自身炎症/自身免疫性疾病对内耳和谐与听力损失的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.37349/10.37349/ei.2024.00129
Michael Athanasopoulos, Pinelopi Samara, Ioannis Athanasopoulos
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases affecting the inner ear can cause symptoms such as hearing loss, imbalance, vertigo, and tinnitus, presenting demanding and often underdiagnosed conditions. Diagnostic challenges arise due to their diverse manifestations, potential long-term consequences, and the absence of specific serological markers, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach combining clinical evaluation, audiological assessments, and imaging techniques. Various autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome, have been implicated in immune-mediated damage to auditory structures, resulting in inner ear dysfunction. Inflammatory processes in autoinflammatory diseases like Cogan’s syndrome and relapsing polychondritis can also affect the inner ear. While the exact mechanisms of inner ear involvement in these conditions are still being studied, immune-mediated inflammation, damage to auditory structures, and vascular involvement play significant roles in auditory impairments. Treatment strategies primarily focus on immunomodulation and inflammation control using corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and targeted biologic agents to ameliorate symptoms and preserve hearing function. Hearing aids and cochlear implants may be also considered for severe hearing loss. Individualized approaches are necessary due to patient response heterogeneity. This review provides a concise overview of key autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases impacting the inner ear, highlighting clinical manifestations, diagnostics, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets. Collaboration between otolaryngologists, rheumatologists, and immunologists is crucial for improving the quality of life in these complex conditions.
影响内耳的自身免疫性疾病和自身炎症性疾病可导致听力损失、失衡、眩晕和耳鸣等症状,对患者的要求很高,但往往诊断不足。由于其表现形式多种多样、潜在的长期后果以及缺乏特异性血清学标志物,因此诊断难度很大,需要结合临床评估、听力评估和成像技术的多学科方法。各种自身免疫性疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎和斯约格伦综合征,都与免疫介导的听觉结构损伤有关,从而导致内耳功能障碍。科根综合征和复发性多软骨炎等自身炎症性疾病的炎症过程也会影响内耳。虽然这些疾病累及内耳的确切机制仍在研究之中,但免疫介导的炎症、听觉结构损伤和血管受累在听觉障碍中起着重要作用。治疗策略主要集中在使用皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂和靶向生物制剂进行免疫调节和炎症控制,以改善症状和保护听觉功能。如果听力损失严重,还可以考虑佩戴助听器或植入人工耳蜗。由于患者的反应具有异质性,因此有必要采取个性化的治疗方法。本综述简要概述了影响内耳的主要自身免疫和自身炎症性疾病,重点介绍了临床表现、诊断、病理生理学和治疗方案。早期识别和适当治疗对优化患者预后至关重要。要了解潜在的机制并确定新的治疗目标,还需要进一步的研究。耳鼻喉科医生、风湿病学家和免疫学家之间的合作对于提高这些复杂疾病患者的生活质量至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The mammary gland is intolerant to bacterial intrusion 乳腺不耐受细菌入侵
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00128
Pascal Rainard
Mammals depend on the secretion of milk to rear their offspring, which exposes the organ in charge of the function, the mammary gland (MG), to bacterial threat. The essential driving force that conditions the interactions of bacteria with the MG is the abundant secretion of milk, a nutritious fluid which endows the common mastitis-causing pathogens with a doubling time of less than 30 min. From this angle, mammals rely on a potential bacterial bioreactor for the survival of their offspring. The MG is lined with a two-layered epithelium devoid of protective mucus. This means that the mammary epithelium is exposed directly to bacteria once they have passed through the opening lactiferous canal. To cope with the threat, the MG resorts to neutrophilic inflammation to check bacterial proliferation in its lumen and at its epithelial lining. Promptness of neutrophil recruitment is a necessity, which requires a low threshold of activation on the part of the mammary epithelium. Constrained by natural selection, the MG has evolved an innate and adaptive immunity intolerant to bacteria regardless of their level of virulence. The evolutionary issue has been to find a compromise between the deleterious tissue-damaging side effects of inflammation and the maintenance of the secretory function indispensable for the offspring’s survival. It appears that the MG relies mainly on neutrophilic inflammation for its protection and is regulated by type 3 immunity. Advances in knowledge of type 3 immunity in the MG will be necessary to induce immune protection adapted to the physiology of this peculiar organ.
哺乳动物依靠分泌乳汁来哺育后代,这就使负责这一功能的器官--乳腺(MG)面临细菌的威胁。乳汁是一种营养丰富的液体,它赋予常见的乳腺炎致病菌不到 30 分钟的倍增时间,这是细菌与乳腺相互作用的基本驱动力。从这个角度来看,哺乳动物的后代生存有赖于潜在的细菌生物反应器。乳腺管内衬为两层上皮,没有保护性粘液。这意味着,一旦细菌通过乳腺管开口,乳腺上皮就会直接暴露在细菌面前。为了应对这种威胁,乳腺管会发生中性粒细胞炎症,以阻止细菌在管腔和上皮内壁增殖。中性粒细胞的迅速招募是必要的,这就要求乳腺上皮细胞的激活阈值较低。在自然选择的限制下,乳腺组织进化出了一种先天性和适应性免疫力,无论细菌的毒力高低,它们都无法耐受。进化的问题在于如何在炎症对组织造成的有害副作用与维持后代生存所不可或缺的分泌功能之间找到折衷方案。MG似乎主要依靠中性粒细胞炎症的保护,并受3型免疫的调节。要诱导出适合这一特殊器官生理的免疫保护,就必须进一步了解 MG 中的 3 型免疫。
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引用次数: 0
The mammary gland is intolerant to bacterial intrusion 乳腺不耐受细菌入侵
Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00128
Pascal Rainard
Mammals depend on the secretion of milk to rear their offspring, which exposes the organ in charge of the function, the mammary gland (MG), to bacterial threat. The essential driving force that conditions the interactions of bacteria with the MG is the abundant secretion of milk, a nutritious fluid which endows the common mastitis-causing pathogens with a doubling time of less than 30 min. From this angle, mammals rely on a potential bacterial bioreactor for the survival of their offspring. The MG is lined with a two-layered epithelium devoid of protective mucus. This means that the mammary epithelium is exposed directly to bacteria once they have passed through the opening lactiferous canal. To cope with the threat, the MG resorts to neutrophilic inflammation to check bacterial proliferation in its lumen and at its epithelial lining. Promptness of neutrophil recruitment is a necessity, which requires a low threshold of activation on the part of the mammary epithelium. Constrained by natural selection, the MG has evolved an innate and adaptive immunity intolerant to bacteria regardless of their level of virulence. The evolutionary issue has been to find a compromise between the deleterious tissue-damaging side effects of inflammation and the maintenance of the secretory function indispensable for the offspring’s survival. It appears that the MG relies mainly on neutrophilic inflammation for its protection and is regulated by type 3 immunity. Advances in knowledge of type 3 immunity in the MG will be necessary to induce immune protection adapted to the physiology of this peculiar organ.
哺乳动物依靠分泌乳汁来哺育后代,这就使负责这一功能的器官--乳腺(MG)面临细菌的威胁。乳汁是一种营养丰富的液体,它赋予常见的乳腺炎致病菌不到 30 分钟的倍增时间,这是细菌与乳腺相互作用的基本驱动力。从这个角度来看,哺乳动物的后代生存有赖于潜在的细菌生物反应器。乳腺管内衬为两层上皮,没有保护性粘液。这意味着,一旦细菌通过乳腺管开口,乳腺上皮就会直接暴露在细菌面前。为了应对这种威胁,乳腺管会发生中性粒细胞炎症,以阻止细菌在管腔和上皮内壁增殖。中性粒细胞的迅速招募是必要的,这就要求乳腺上皮细胞的激活阈值较低。在自然选择的限制下,乳腺组织进化出了一种先天性和适应性免疫力,无论细菌的毒力高低,它们都无法耐受。进化的问题在于如何在炎症对组织造成的有害副作用与维持后代生存所不可或缺的分泌功能之间找到折衷方案。MG似乎主要依靠中性粒细胞炎症的保护,并受3型免疫的调节。要诱导出适合这一特殊器官生理的免疫保护,就必须进一步了解 MG 中的 3 型免疫。
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引用次数: 0
Generation and pathogenicity of autoantibodies associated to thrombosis and hemostasis 与血栓形成和止血有关的自身抗体的产生和致病性
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00127
Jean Amiral
Many acquired bleeding and thrombotic complications are provoked by autoantibodies to blood coagulation factors, or to hemostasis inhibitors and regulatory proteins. If occurrence of those antibodies remains rare or ultra-rare, affected patients are not always well-identified and associated pathologies are not always understood. Today, autoantigens tend to be better characterized. New available methods allow investigating structural changes of body components, responsible for auto-immunization. This renders it possible to develop laboratory assays for detecting autoantibodies and estimating their blood concentration. This review analyzes the major autoantibodies reported to be associated with hemorrhagic or thrombotic pathologies and their possible inducing causes when known. Pathogenicity is strongly patient- and context-dependent and is related to autoantibodies’ concentration, avidity, and capacity to bind to autoantigen structures in-vivo, misdirecting the immune system to the own body’s cells or organs. Identification of autoantigens allows for developing laboratory methods for testing autoantibodies and following their evolution kinetics. In-vitro investigations concern functional assays, to evaluate autoantibody’s capacity to inhibit physiological activities, or autoantigen-capture-based assays to detect autoantibodies, like with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Exploring patients with autoimmune complications remains difficult as few specific assays are available. They mainly concern diseases with the highest incidence, like anti-phospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, or heparin-dependent antibodies. The present understanding suggests that antibodies to ubiquitous components, like phospholipids or polysaccharides, are actually targeted to proteins with a strong affinity binding to those components: Autoantibodies are not directed to phospholipids, but to phospholipid-binding proteins, and heparin-dependent antibodies are not directed to anticoagulant polysaccharides, but to platelet factor 4. Most pathogenic autoantibodies are of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, but in some cases, IgM or IgA isotypes can be involved. Identification and characterization of autoantibodies associated to hemorrhagic or thrombotic pathologies remains complex at the laboratory level, although they are of high relevance for the right management of concerned patients.
许多后天性出血和血栓并发症都是由凝血因子或止血抑制剂和调节蛋白自身抗体引起的。如果这些抗体的出现仍然罕见或超乎寻常,受影响的患者就不一定能被很好地识别,相关的病理变化也不一定能被理解。如今,自身抗原的特征越来越清晰。现有的新方法可以研究导致自身免疫的身体成分的结构变化。这使得开发实验室检测自身抗体和估计其血液浓度成为可能。本综述分析了据报道与出血性或血栓性病症有关的主要自身抗体,以及已知的可能诱因。致病性与患者和环境密切相关,并与自身抗体的浓度、亲和力以及在体内与自身抗原结构结合的能力有关,从而将免疫系统误导至自身的细胞或器官。确定自身抗原后,就可以开发实验室方法来检测自身抗体并跟踪其演变动力学。体外研究涉及功能检测,以评估自身抗体抑制生理活动的能力,或基于自身抗原捕获的检测自身抗体的方法,如酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法。由于可用的特异性检测方法很少,因此对患有自身免疫并发症的患者进行检测仍然很困难。它们主要涉及发病率最高的疾病,如抗磷脂抗体、狼疮抗凝物或肝素依赖性抗体。目前的认识表明,针对无处不在的成分(如磷脂或多糖)的抗体实际上是针对与这些成分有很强亲和力的蛋白质:自身抗体不是针对磷脂,而是针对磷脂结合蛋白;肝素依赖性抗体不是针对抗凝多糖,而是针对血小板因子 4。大多数致病性自身抗体为免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)同型,但在某些病例中也可能涉及 IgM 或 IgA 同型。与出血性或血栓性病症相关的自身抗体的鉴定和特征描述在实验室层面上仍然很复杂,尽管它们与相关患者的正确治疗密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Generation and pathogenicity of autoantibodies associated to thrombosis and hemostasis 与血栓形成和止血有关的自身抗体的产生和致病性
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00127
Jean Amiral
Many acquired bleeding and thrombotic complications are provoked by autoantibodies to blood coagulation factors, or to hemostasis inhibitors and regulatory proteins. If occurrence of those antibodies remains rare or ultra-rare, affected patients are not always well-identified and associated pathologies are not always understood. Today, autoantigens tend to be better characterized. New available methods allow investigating structural changes of body components, responsible for auto-immunization. This renders it possible to develop laboratory assays for detecting autoantibodies and estimating their blood concentration. This review analyzes the major autoantibodies reported to be associated with hemorrhagic or thrombotic pathologies and their possible inducing causes when known. Pathogenicity is strongly patient- and context-dependent and is related to autoantibodies’ concentration, avidity, and capacity to bind to autoantigen structures in-vivo, misdirecting the immune system to the own body’s cells or organs. Identification of autoantigens allows for developing laboratory methods for testing autoantibodies and following their evolution kinetics. In-vitro investigations concern functional assays, to evaluate autoantibody’s capacity to inhibit physiological activities, or autoantigen-capture-based assays to detect autoantibodies, like with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Exploring patients with autoimmune complications remains difficult as few specific assays are available. They mainly concern diseases with the highest incidence, like anti-phospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, or heparin-dependent antibodies. The present understanding suggests that antibodies to ubiquitous components, like phospholipids or polysaccharides, are actually targeted to proteins with a strong affinity binding to those components: Autoantibodies are not directed to phospholipids, but to phospholipid-binding proteins, and heparin-dependent antibodies are not directed to anticoagulant polysaccharides, but to platelet factor 4. Most pathogenic autoantibodies are of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, but in some cases, IgM or IgA isotypes can be involved. Identification and characterization of autoantibodies associated to hemorrhagic or thrombotic pathologies remains complex at the laboratory level, although they are of high relevance for the right management of concerned patients.
许多后天性出血和血栓并发症都是由凝血因子或止血抑制剂和调节蛋白的自身抗体引起的。如果这些抗体的出现仍然罕见或超乎寻常,受影响的患者就不一定能被很好地识别,相关的病理变化也不一定能被理解。如今,自身抗原的特征越来越清晰。现有的新方法可以研究导致自身免疫的身体成分的结构变化。这使得开发实验室检测自身抗体和估计其血液浓度成为可能。本综述分析了据报道与出血性或血栓性病症有关的主要自身抗体,以及已知的可能诱因。致病性与患者和环境密切相关,并与自身抗体的浓度、亲和力以及在体内与自身抗原结构结合的能力有关,从而将免疫系统误导至自身的细胞或器官。确定自身抗原后,就可以开发实验室方法来检测自身抗体并跟踪其演变动力学。体外研究涉及功能检测,以评估自身抗体抑制生理活动的能力,或基于自身抗原捕获的检测自身抗体的方法,如酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法。由于可用的特异性检测方法很少,因此对患有自身免疫并发症的患者进行检测仍然很困难。它们主要涉及发病率最高的疾病,如抗磷脂抗体、狼疮抗凝物或肝素依赖性抗体。目前的认识表明,针对无处不在的成分(如磷脂或多糖)的抗体实际上是针对与这些成分有很强亲和力的蛋白质:自身抗体并非针对磷脂,而是针对磷脂结合蛋白;肝素依赖性抗体并非针对抗凝多糖,而是针对血小板因子 4。大多数致病性自身抗体为免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)同型,但在某些病例中也可能涉及 IgM 或 IgA 同型。与出血性或血栓性病症相关的自身抗体的鉴定和特征描述在实验室层面上仍然很复杂,尽管它们与相关患者的正确治疗密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Paradigm of immune dysregulation in coronavirus disease-2019 infection 冠状病毒疾病-2019 感染中的免疫失调范例
Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2024.00126
O. S. Sahoo, Karthikeyan Pethusamy, A. Nayek, Rashmi Minocha, Ruby Dhar, S. Karmakar
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cost 7–8 million deaths worldwide, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Affecting 700 million people globally, the magnitude of this pandemic is far from anything that humanity has encountered in recent times. A detailed investigation revealed that more than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, the hyperactive immune system mediated injury as the real cause of mortality. Cytokine storm following viral infection leads to the surge of proinflammatory cytokines resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung injury. Anti-inflammatory intervention with anti-interleukin-6 (anti-IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; e.g., sarilumab and tocilizumab) and anti-IL-6 mAbs (i.e., siltuximab) and/or steroid-based approach leads to substantial protection and prevent death thereby implying the role of inflammation in COVID-19. In this review, the authors have summarized the dysregulated immune system in COVID-19 infection, investigating in detail the virus-host immune cross talks and presenting the possibilities of therapeutic intervention.
2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行导致全球 700-800 万人死亡,造成了前所未有的健康和经济危机。此次疫情影响全球 7 亿人,其严重程度远非人类近代所能匹敌。一项详细调查显示,与严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)病毒相比,免疫系统过度活跃导致的损伤才是真正的死亡原因。病毒感染后的细胞因子风暴导致促炎细胞因子激增,导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和肺损伤。使用抗白细胞介素-6(anti-IL-6)受体单克隆抗体(mAbs;如sarilumab和tocilizumab)和抗IL-6 mAbs(如siltuximab)和/或类固醇方法进行抗炎干预可提供实质性保护并防止死亡,从而暗示炎症在COVID-19中的作用。在这篇综述中,作者总结了 COVID-19 感染中失调的免疫系统,详细研究了病毒-宿主免疫交叉对话,并提出了治疗干预的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Potential therapeutic applications of targeting signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 in autoimmune diseases 靶向信号转导适配蛋白-2在自身免疫性疾病中的潜在治疗应用
Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00125
Yuto Sasaki, Shoya Kawahara, Y. Sekine, J. Kashiwakura, K. Oritani, T. Matsuda
Adaptor proteins are involved in various immune responses via the modulation of many signaling pathways. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) is an adaptor protein that contains typical domains such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, Src homology domain, and a proline-rich region from the N-terminal region. In T cells, STAP-2 positively regulates T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling by associating with CD3ζ immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK). Therefore, a peptide that inhibits the interaction between STAP-2 and CD3ζ ITAMs is likely to suppress TCR-mediated T cell activation, as well as T cell-mediated diseases. As expected, the peptide successfully inhibited the STAP-2/CD3ζ ITAM interaction and suppressed TCR-mediated signaling, cell proliferation, and interleukin (IL)-2 production in human/murine T cells. Furthermore, this inhibitor suppressed the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is widely recognized as a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, via the downregulation of T cell activation and infiltration of T helper (Th) 1/Th17 cells. These results suggest a new strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other immune diseases.
适配蛋白通过调节多种信号通路参与各种免疫反应。信号转导适配蛋白-2(STAP-2)是一种适配蛋白,含有典型的结构域,如pleckstrin homology(PH)结构域、Src同源结构域和N端富含脯氨酸的区域。在 T 细胞中,STAP-2 通过与 CD3ζ 免疫受体酪氨酸基激活基序(ITAMs)和淋巴细胞特异性蛋白酪氨酸激酶(LCK)结合,积极调节 T 细胞受体(TCR)介导的信号转导。因此,抑制 STAP-2 与 CD3ζ ITAMs 之间相互作用的多肽可能会抑制 TCR 介导的 T 细胞活化以及 T 细胞介导的疾病。不出所料,该多肽成功抑制了 STAP-2/CD3ζ ITAM 的相互作用,并抑制了人/鼠 T 细胞中 TCR 介导的信号传导、细胞增殖和白细胞介素(IL)-2 的产生。此外,这种抑制剂还通过下调 T 细胞活化和 T 辅助细胞(Th)1/Th17 的浸润,抑制了实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的发病机制,EAE 是公认的多发性硬化症小鼠模型。这些结果为治疗多发性硬化症和其他免疫性疾病提供了一种新策略。
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引用次数: 0
High percentage of blood-based T-cell receptor gamma V9-JP recombinations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: extensive retention of the JP KKIK amino acid motif 与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症有关的高比例血源性 T 细胞受体伽马 V9-JP 重组:JP KKIK 氨基酸基序的广泛保留
Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00124
G. Blanck, Taha I. Huda, Konrad J. Cios, George Angelakakis, Joanna J Song
Exome and RNAseq files prepared from blood samples can be mined for adaptive immune receptor recombinations and thus for the complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences, important for antigen binding. In this report, the T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) recombinations were mined from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) blood sample exome and RNAseq files, mainly inspired by: (i) a high level of gamma-delta T-cells in Parkinson’s disease and (ii) TRG CDR3 AA features associated with a higher Braak stage in Alzheimer’s disease. Results indicated a high percentage of V9-JP recombinations from ALS blood sample genomics files, in comparison to TRG recombinations obtained from a large number of blood and other tissue samples not representing ALS. This result is discussed in the context of potential phospholipid sponging by adaptive immune receptors and potential impacts on membrane rigidity and amyloid development.
从血液样本中制备的外显子组和 RNAseq 文件可以挖掘适应性免疫受体重组,从而挖掘对抗原结合非常重要的互补决定区-3(CDR3)氨基酸(AA)序列。本报告从肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)血液样本外显子组和 RNAseq 文件中挖掘出了 T 细胞受体 gamma(TRG)重组,主要受到以下启发:(i) 帕金森病中γ-δ T 细胞水平较高,(ii) TRG CDR3 AA 特征与阿尔茨海默病中较高的 Braak 分期相关。结果表明,与从大量血液和其他非 ALS 组织样本中获得的 TRG 重组相比,ALS 血液样本基因组学文件中的 V9-JP 重组比例较高。这一结果将在适应性免疫受体的潜在磷脂海绵化以及对膜刚性和淀粉样蛋白发展的潜在影响的背景下进行讨论。
{"title":"High percentage of blood-based T-cell receptor gamma V9-JP recombinations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: extensive retention of the JP KKIK amino acid motif","authors":"G. Blanck, Taha I. Huda, Konrad J. Cios, George Angelakakis, Joanna J Song","doi":"10.37349/ei.2023.00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00124","url":null,"abstract":"Exome and RNAseq files prepared from blood samples can be mined for adaptive immune receptor recombinations and thus for the complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences, important for antigen binding. In this report, the T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) recombinations were mined from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) blood sample exome and RNAseq files, mainly inspired by: (i) a high level of gamma-delta T-cells in Parkinson’s disease and (ii) TRG CDR3 AA features associated with a higher Braak stage in Alzheimer’s disease. Results indicated a high percentage of V9-JP recombinations from ALS blood sample genomics files, in comparison to TRG recombinations obtained from a large number of blood and other tissue samples not representing ALS. This result is discussed in the context of potential phospholipid sponging by adaptive immune receptors and potential impacts on membrane rigidity and amyloid development.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ningmitai capsule improves the semen quality of male infertile with chronic prostatitis by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory 宁泌泰胶囊通过抗氧化和抗炎改善慢性前列腺炎男性不育患者的精液质量
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00123
Xiaoyu Wu, Zhen Ye, Li-hua Li, Huiping Zhang, Xunbing Huang, Jingsong Chai, Xinzong Zhang
Aim: To observe the effects of Ningmitai capsule on semen parameters of infertile patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) and explore the mechanisms.Methods: A total of 43 patients diagnosed with CP were included in the study and administered Ningmitai capsules (4 capsules per dose) for a duration of 6 weeks. Subsequently, assessments were conducted on parameters including sperm concentration, forward progressive motility, total motility, oxidative and anti-oxidative indicators, as well as the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in seminal plasma before and after the treatment period.Results: Compared to pre-treatment, forward progressive motility and total motility of the semen increased significantly (37.15% ± 18.77% vs. 45.44% ± 19.08%, P < 0.05 and 42.56% ± 21.22% vs. 51.64% ± 19.48%, P < 0.05). And the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased significantly after treatment as well (11.36 μmol/L ± 3.28 μmol/L vs. 12.79 μmol/L ± 2.87 μmol/L, P < 0.05 and 9.34 U/mL ± 3.22 U/mL vs. 11.21 U/mL ± 4.87 U/mL, P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IL-8 decreased significantly after treatment (41.06 μmol/L ± 24.39 μmol/L vs. 32.17 μmol/L ± 15.04 μmol/L, P < 0.05 and 79.69 ng/L ± 26.24 ng/L vs. 61.35 ng/L ± 23.41 ng/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference in sperm concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation index was observed after the treatment (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Ningmitai capsule can enhance the antioxidant capacity and down-regulate the expression of cytokines in the semen, thereby improving the semen parameters of infertile patients with CP.
目的:观察宁泌泰胶囊对慢性前列腺炎(CP)不育患者精液参数的影响,并探讨其机制:方法:研究共纳入43名确诊为慢性前列腺炎的患者,他们服用宁泌泰胶囊(每次4粒),疗程为6周。随后,对治疗前后精浆中的精子浓度、前向运动能力、总运动能力、氧化和抗氧化指标以及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度等参数进行评估:与治疗前相比,精液的前向运动能力和总运动能力显著增加(37.15% ± 18.77% vs. 45.44% ± 19.08%,P < 0.05;42.56% ± 21.22% vs. 51.64% ± 19.48%,P < 0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的表达在治疗后也显著增加(11.36 μmol/L ± 3.28 μmol/L vs. 12.79 μmol/L ± 2.87 μmol/L,P < 0.05;9.34 U U/mL ± 3.22 U/mL vs. 11.21 U U/mL ± 4.87 U/mL,P < 0.05)。此外,治疗后丙二醛(MDA)和IL-8的表达也显著下降(41.06 μmol/L ± 24.39 μmol/L vs. 32.17 μmol/L ± 15.04 μmol/L,P < 0.05;79.69 ng/L ± 26.24 ng/L vs. 61.35 ng/L ± 23.41 ng/L,P < 0.05)。治疗后精子浓度和精子DNA碎片指数无明显差异(P > 0.05):结论:宁神胶囊能增强精液的抗氧化能力,下调精液中细胞因子的表达,从而改善CP不育患者的精液指标。
{"title":"Ningmitai capsule improves the semen quality of male infertile with chronic prostatitis by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory","authors":"Xiaoyu Wu, Zhen Ye, Li-hua Li, Huiping Zhang, Xunbing Huang, Jingsong Chai, Xinzong Zhang","doi":"10.37349/ei.2023.00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00123","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To observe the effects of Ningmitai capsule on semen parameters of infertile patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) and explore the mechanisms.\u0000Methods: A total of 43 patients diagnosed with CP were included in the study and administered Ningmitai capsules (4 capsules per dose) for a duration of 6 weeks. Subsequently, assessments were conducted on parameters including sperm concentration, forward progressive motility, total motility, oxidative and anti-oxidative indicators, as well as the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in seminal plasma before and after the treatment period.\u0000Results: Compared to pre-treatment, forward progressive motility and total motility of the semen increased significantly (37.15% ± 18.77% vs. 45.44% ± 19.08%, P < 0.05 and 42.56% ± 21.22% vs. 51.64% ± 19.48%, P < 0.05). And the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased significantly after treatment as well (11.36 μmol/L ± 3.28 μmol/L vs. 12.79 μmol/L ± 2.87 μmol/L, P < 0.05 and 9.34 U/mL ± 3.22 U/mL vs. 11.21 U/mL ± 4.87 U/mL, P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IL-8 decreased significantly after treatment (41.06 μmol/L ± 24.39 μmol/L vs. 32.17 μmol/L ± 15.04 μmol/L, P < 0.05 and 79.69 ng/L ± 26.24 ng/L vs. 61.35 ng/L ± 23.41 ng/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference in sperm concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation index was observed after the treatment (P > 0.05).\u0000Conclusions: Ningmitai capsule can enhance the antioxidant capacity and down-regulate the expression of cytokines in the semen, thereby improving the semen parameters of infertile patients with CP.","PeriodicalId":93552,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of immunology","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Exploration of immunology
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