Pub Date : 2019-07-19DOI: 10.32474/ado.2019.02.000135
Hariprasad Mg
{"title":"Potentiation of Activity of Benfotiamine Co Administered with Thyroxine in Diabetes Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats","authors":"Hariprasad Mg","doi":"10.32474/ado.2019.02.000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ado.2019.02.000135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.32474/ado.2019.02.000134
Poondy Gopalratnam Raman
{"title":"Bromocriptine - A Novel Therapy in Type-2 Diabetes","authors":"Poondy Gopalratnam Raman","doi":"10.32474/ado.2019.02.000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ado.2019.02.000134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-08DOI: 10.32474/ado.2019.02.000133
Bhuyan Kc
Child overweight and obesity are the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century worldwide , specially, in low and middle-income countries. It affects mostly the urban people [1,2]. The obesity for child and adolescents is measured by body mass index [BMI = weight in kg / (height in meter2] , where children having BMI above the 85th percentile are considered as overweight and those who have BMI above the 95th percentile are considered as obese [3]. The level of obesity is increasing at alarming rate. In a global study in 2016 it was estimated that over 41 million [1] children under the age 5 years were overweight. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents is defined by BMI + standard deviation of BMI and obesity for them is decided by BMI + 2 standard deviation [1]. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Child obesity can lead to life threating conditions including diabetes, heart disease, sleep problems, cancer, liver disease, early puberty, eating disorders, skin infection, asthma and other respiratory problems [4]. The adolescent’s obesity leads to the problem of hepatitis, sleep aponia, and increased intercranial pressure [5].
{"title":"Socioeconomic Variables Associated with Level of Obesity and Prevalence of Other Diseases Among Children and Adolescents of Some Affluent Families of Bangladesh","authors":"Bhuyan Kc","doi":"10.32474/ado.2019.02.000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ado.2019.02.000133","url":null,"abstract":"Child overweight and obesity are the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century worldwide , specially, in low and middle-income countries. It affects mostly the urban people [1,2]. The obesity for child and adolescents is measured by body mass index [BMI = weight in kg / (height in meter2] , where children having BMI above the 85th percentile are considered as overweight and those who have BMI above the 95th percentile are considered as obese [3]. The level of obesity is increasing at alarming rate. In a global study in 2016 it was estimated that over 41 million [1] children under the age 5 years were overweight. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents is defined by BMI + standard deviation of BMI and obesity for them is decided by BMI + 2 standard deviation [1]. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Child obesity can lead to life threating conditions including diabetes, heart disease, sleep problems, cancer, liver disease, early puberty, eating disorders, skin infection, asthma and other respiratory problems [4]. The adolescent’s obesity leads to the problem of hepatitis, sleep aponia, and increased intercranial pressure [5].","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69690809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-06DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000132
K. Bhuyan
The social aspects of medical research and research in life science deal with data collected from randomly selected investigating units either by direct interview or by doing some controlled experiments.
{"title":"A Note on the Application of Discriminant Analysis in Medical Research","authors":"K. Bhuyan","doi":"10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000132","url":null,"abstract":"The social aspects of medical research and research in life science deal with data collected from randomly selected investigating units either by direct interview or by doing some controlled experiments.","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43998029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-17DOI: 10.32474/ado.2019.02.000131
M. Røder
{"title":"New Clinical Initiatives at the Steno Diabetes Center Odense and in the Region of Southern Denmark","authors":"M. Røder","doi":"10.32474/ado.2019.02.000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ado.2019.02.000131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44690253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-19DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000130
K. Aljabri, Ibrahim M Alnasser, S. Bokhari, Saad Zuair, Waleed O Bawzeer, Mohammad AMelibari
Background: The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in the frequent incidental discovery of asymptomatic adrenal masses. The aim of the present study was to report retrospectively a 4-year CT studies of the frequency of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) in a tightly defined geographical area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Design: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. The CT reports of 15,600 abdominal CT examinations from our institution at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia performed from January 2015 to December 2018 were searched for the word “adrenal” in the impression. The search identified 87 patients with adrenal lesions which constituted the subject material for the study. Results: During a 4-year period, a total of 87(0.6%) patients were diagnosed with AI and included in the study. Demographic characteristics were as follows: 37 (43%) males and 50 (58%) females, aged between 30–87 years (median, 58 years and mean ± SD 58.7±13.6 years). Fifty-five percent of the subjects were in their 50s and 60s. AI in males were more frequent in the fourth, eighth and ninth decades whereas AI in females were more frequent in fifth and seventh decades. AI were more frequent on the left [47 (54%)] than on the right side [28 (32.3%)], whereas bilateral AI were found in 12 [(13.8 %)] patients. Moreover, AI in males were more frequent on the right [17 (45.9%)] than on the left side [11 (22.0%)], whereas AI in females were more frequent on the left 15 (40.5%) than on the right side 32 (64.0%) and slightly more frequent in bilateral sites (14% vs. 13.5%), p=0.05. The size of the right-sided AI (1.9±1.3 cm) were non-significantly larger than the left-sided ones (1.6±0.8 cm), p=0.2.In the overall series, the diameter of the AI estimated by CT ranged from 0.5–7.9 cm; (median, 1.7 cm and mean 1.8±1.1 cm) where the largest number of patients with AI were seen in 8 cases (11.7%) at size of 1.7 cm. Most lesions [60 cases (69%)] were less than 2.0 cm, whereas the mean size of bilateral AI in the dominant mass (2.3 cm) was larger than mean size of right (1.9 cm) or left (1.6 cm) AI. The frequency of AI more than 4 cm was higher in the right side (50%) and the dominant mass in the bilateral AI (50%) within the size of AI groups whereas the frequency of AI less than 2 cm was higher in the right side of AI (57%). The mean size of AI was larger in the sixth decade compared to other age groups whereas males (2.1 cm) and females (2.7 cm) have higher mean size of AI in the fourth and sixth decade respectively. A negative non-statistically significant correlation was found between age and mass size (r= 0.132, p=0.2). In addition, a positive non-statistically significant correlation was found between BMI and AI size (r= 0.066, p=0.6). Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study indicated low prevalence of AI as indicated by CT. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative stu
{"title":"The Incidental Adrenal Mass on Computed Tomography","authors":"K. Aljabri, Ibrahim M Alnasser, S. Bokhari, Saad Zuair, Waleed O Bawzeer, Mohammad AMelibari","doi":"10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in the frequent incidental discovery of asymptomatic adrenal masses. The aim of the present study was to report retrospectively a 4-year CT studies of the frequency of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) in a tightly defined geographical area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Design: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. The CT reports of 15,600 abdominal CT examinations from our institution at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia performed from January 2015 to December 2018 were searched for the word “adrenal” in the impression. The search identified 87 patients with adrenal lesions which constituted the subject material for the study. Results: During a 4-year period, a total of 87(0.6%) patients were diagnosed with AI and included in the study. Demographic characteristics were as follows: 37 (43%) males and 50 (58%) females, aged between 30–87 years (median, 58 years and mean ± SD 58.7±13.6 years). Fifty-five percent of the subjects were in their 50s and 60s. AI in males were more frequent in the fourth, eighth and ninth decades whereas AI in females were more frequent in fifth and seventh decades. AI were more frequent on the left [47 (54%)] than on the right side [28 (32.3%)], whereas bilateral AI were found in 12 [(13.8 %)] patients. Moreover, AI in males were more frequent on the right [17 (45.9%)] than on the left side [11 (22.0%)], whereas AI in females were more frequent on the left 15 (40.5%) than on the right side 32 (64.0%) and slightly more frequent in bilateral sites (14% vs. 13.5%), p=0.05. The size of the right-sided AI (1.9±1.3 cm) were non-significantly larger than the left-sided ones (1.6±0.8 cm), p=0.2.In the overall series, the diameter of the AI estimated by CT ranged from 0.5–7.9 cm; (median, 1.7 cm and mean 1.8±1.1 cm) where the largest number of patients with AI were seen in 8 cases (11.7%) at size of 1.7 cm. Most lesions [60 cases (69%)] were less than 2.0 cm, whereas the mean size of bilateral AI in the dominant mass (2.3 cm) was larger than mean size of right (1.9 cm) or left (1.6 cm) AI. The frequency of AI more than 4 cm was higher in the right side (50%) and the dominant mass in the bilateral AI (50%) within the size of AI groups whereas the frequency of AI less than 2 cm was higher in the right side of AI (57%). The mean size of AI was larger in the sixth decade compared to other age groups whereas males (2.1 cm) and females (2.7 cm) have higher mean size of AI in the fourth and sixth decade respectively. A negative non-statistically significant correlation was found between age and mass size (r= 0.132, p=0.2). In addition, a positive non-statistically significant correlation was found between BMI and AI size (r= 0.066, p=0.6). Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study indicated low prevalence of AI as indicated by CT. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative stu","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000129
Maria-Eleni Zioupos, J. Takai, Mehtab Ahmad, Peter Zioupos
Background: Hand-grip strength (HGS) has been shown recently to help in predicting disease outcomes and assessing health risk, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Studies confirming its link to diabetes (T2DM) suggest there is potential for its use as simple screening tool. This study examined this possibility in a developing-world population, in a cohort of Tongan diabetics. Methods: HGS was measured in a randomly selected cohort of patients, comprising in total 149 patients, of which 91 with and 58 without T2DM. Other measurements recorded included patient demographics, blood pressure and date of diabetes diagnosis. Results: HGS was found to reduce significantly with age in all groups and it also related to BMI in males. Binary logistics regression models were produced using ‘HGS,’ ‘Age’ and ‘BMI’ which had a sensitivity of 82-84% (M/F) and specificity of 50-57%. Conclusions: This study uses one of the well-known effects and complications of T2DM, affected hand grip strength of sufferers, as a parameter in a ‘tool’ to predict the presence of the disease showing very good sensitivity. Further research is needed into the more general utility of the tool, while further work may help identify among the diagnosed those who would benefit from specialist treatment.
{"title":"The Diabetes Epidemic in the South Pacific: A Pilot Study Utilising Hand Grip Strength in Tonga","authors":"Maria-Eleni Zioupos, J. Takai, Mehtab Ahmad, Peter Zioupos","doi":"10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000129","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hand-grip strength (HGS) has been shown recently to help in predicting disease outcomes and assessing health risk, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Studies confirming its link to diabetes (T2DM) suggest there is potential for its use as simple screening tool. This study examined this possibility in a developing-world population, in a cohort of Tongan diabetics. Methods: HGS was measured in a randomly selected cohort of patients, comprising in total 149 patients, of which 91 with and 58 without T2DM. Other measurements recorded included patient demographics, blood pressure and date of diabetes diagnosis. Results: HGS was found to reduce significantly with age in all groups and it also related to BMI in males. Binary logistics regression models were produced using ‘HGS,’ ‘Age’ and ‘BMI’ which had a sensitivity of 82-84% (M/F) and specificity of 50-57%. Conclusions: This study uses one of the well-known effects and complications of T2DM, affected hand grip strength of sufferers, as a parameter in a ‘tool’ to predict the presence of the disease showing very good sensitivity. Further research is needed into the more general utility of the tool, while further work may help identify among the diagnosed those who would benefit from specialist treatment.","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47226489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000128
I. Kyriazis, F. Tatakis, T. Lappa, Emmanuel Kalafatis, Amalia Tsagari, D. Latsou, Paraskevi Koufopoulou, M. Lelekis
{"title":"Screening for Malnutrition in Older Hospitalised Patients in an Internal Medicine Department of a Greek Public Hospital","authors":"I. Kyriazis, F. Tatakis, T. Lappa, Emmanuel Kalafatis, Amalia Tsagari, D. Latsou, Paraskevi Koufopoulou, M. Lelekis","doi":"10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.32474/ado.2019.02.000127
P. Socie, H. Gorka
The World Health Organization estimates that cases of obesity have tripled since 1975 with 39% of overweight adults and 13% of obese adults in 2016. Obesity is an independent risk factor of AF and those in spite of other associated comorbidity (sleep apnea, arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus ...) [1-4] The increase in the body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increase in the incidence of AF. Conversely, the standardization of BMI is associated with a decrease in the incidence of AF. [2] It is estimated that one in five of AF may be due to being overweight or obesity [5].
{"title":"The Link Between Atrial Fibrillation and Obesity","authors":"P. Socie, H. Gorka","doi":"10.32474/ado.2019.02.000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ado.2019.02.000127","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization estimates that cases of obesity have tripled since 1975 with 39% of overweight adults and 13% of obese adults in 2016. Obesity is an independent risk factor of AF and those in spite of other associated comorbidity (sleep apnea, arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus ...) [1-4] The increase in the body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increase in the incidence of AF. Conversely, the standardization of BMI is associated with a decrease in the incidence of AF. [2] It is estimated that one in five of AF may be due to being overweight or obesity [5].","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-28DOI: 10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000126
K. Aljabri, S. Bokhari, Muneera Alshareef, Patan Murthuza Khan, Abdulla M Mallosho, Mohammad M Jalal, Rania F Safwat, Rehab El Boraie, Nawaf K Aljabri, Bandari K Aljabri
Background and Objective The association between diabetes and thyroid dysfunction were studied. To estimate retrospectively the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Saudi community-based hospital. Design We analyzed retrospectively 3760 participants whom are between the age 20 to 98 years. All patients were from the population of the Primary health centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Patients with TSH above the normal range of TSH for our laboratory reference (4.2 MIU/L, history of hypothyroidism and taking thyroid replacement therapy were included. Patient who are pregnant were excluded. Results Out of the initial screening of 6023 subjects, 3760 subjects were included. There were 861 (22.9%) male and 2899 (77.1%) were female with mean age 44.9±15.8. The mean TSH value was 4.3±8.1. Among them we found 1521 (40.7%) and 1086 (28.9%) cases with T2DM and hypothyroidism respectively. Among cases of T2DM, there were 467 (30.7%) with hypothyroidism. There were 86 (18.4%) cases were male and 381 (81.6%) were female with male to female ratio of 1 to 4.4, p<0.0001. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly older than cases with no hypothyroidism, 55.2±12.6 vs. 54.9±13.2 respectively, p=0.6. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly showed no differences in HbA1c than cases with no hypothyroidism, 7.9±2.3 vs. 8.1±2.1 respectively, p=0.2. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in the sixth decade (32%), figure 1. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females between the third to the seventh decades as compared to males. Male was no significantly more prevalent than females in the eighth and ninth decades. Conclusion We conclude that despite the limitations of this hospital-based retrospective study, hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in cohort of Saudis with T2DM. The majority of our patients with primary hypothyroidism were predominantly females. These two observations remain to be validated by population-based studies. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative studies involving diverse population samples from multiple centers could help to provide further information on the true frequency nationally. Based on a high prevalence of hypothyroidism among Saudi T2DM patients, routine screening for hypothyroidism is highly recommended in Saudi diabetic population.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Community based Hospital a Retrospective Single Centre Study","authors":"K. Aljabri, S. Bokhari, Muneera Alshareef, Patan Murthuza Khan, Abdulla M Mallosho, Mohammad M Jalal, Rania F Safwat, Rehab El Boraie, Nawaf K Aljabri, Bandari K Aljabri","doi":"10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ADO.2019.02.000126","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective The association between diabetes and thyroid dysfunction were studied. To estimate retrospectively the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Saudi community-based hospital. Design We analyzed retrospectively 3760 participants whom are between the age 20 to 98 years. All patients were from the population of the Primary health centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Patients with TSH above the normal range of TSH for our laboratory reference (4.2 MIU/L, history of hypothyroidism and taking thyroid replacement therapy were included. Patient who are pregnant were excluded. Results Out of the initial screening of 6023 subjects, 3760 subjects were included. There were 861 (22.9%) male and 2899 (77.1%) were female with mean age 44.9±15.8. The mean TSH value was 4.3±8.1. Among them we found 1521 (40.7%) and 1086 (28.9%) cases with T2DM and hypothyroidism respectively. Among cases of T2DM, there were 467 (30.7%) with hypothyroidism. There were 86 (18.4%) cases were male and 381 (81.6%) were female with male to female ratio of 1 to 4.4, p<0.0001. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly older than cases with no hypothyroidism, 55.2±12.6 vs. 54.9±13.2 respectively, p=0.6. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly showed no differences in HbA1c than cases with no hypothyroidism, 7.9±2.3 vs. 8.1±2.1 respectively, p=0.2. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in the sixth decade (32%), figure 1. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females between the third to the seventh decades as compared to males. Male was no significantly more prevalent than females in the eighth and ninth decades. Conclusion We conclude that despite the limitations of this hospital-based retrospective study, hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in cohort of Saudis with T2DM. The majority of our patients with primary hypothyroidism were predominantly females. These two observations remain to be validated by population-based studies. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative studies involving diverse population samples from multiple centers could help to provide further information on the true frequency nationally. Based on a high prevalence of hypothyroidism among Saudi T2DM patients, routine screening for hypothyroidism is highly recommended in Saudi diabetic population.","PeriodicalId":93731,"journal":{"name":"Archives of diabetes & obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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