Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ac1cd4
Masaki Sekiguchi, Kurumi Oka, M. Iwasaki, E. Ishiwata
To introduce time delay into integrable discrete systems, we present a time-delay version of the discrete Lotka-Volterra (dLV) system, which is a time-discretization of the famous predator-prey Lotka-Volterra system. Focusing on the LR transformations, which has been designed for solving symmetric eigenvalue problems, plays a key role in deriving the essential properties of the original dLV system. We also clarify asymptotic convergence in the resulting time-delay system and present an application for computing matrix eigenvalues and singular values.
{"title":"Time-delay version of the integrable discrete Lotka-Volterra system in terms of the LR transformations","authors":"Masaki Sekiguchi, Kurumi Oka, M. Iwasaki, E. Ishiwata","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/ac1cd4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/ac1cd4","url":null,"abstract":"To introduce time delay into integrable discrete systems, we present a time-delay version of the discrete Lotka-Volterra (dLV) system, which is a time-discretization of the famous predator-prey Lotka-Volterra system. Focusing on the LR transformations, which has been designed for solving symmetric eigenvalue problems, plays a key role in deriving the essential properties of the original dLV system. We also clarify asymptotic convergence in the resulting time-delay system and present an application for computing matrix eigenvalues and singular values.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61193693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abcd28
A. Ashidi
Relationship between scintillation intensity (σ χ ) and peak-to-peak amplitude (χ pp) is important for mitigating scintillation effects on any communication link. This study employs linear, logarithmic and polynomial functions for fitting σ χ and χ pp in order to determine the best model for describing the variation of the former with the latter. It also examines the frequency of occurrence of scintillation intensity and the suitable probability density function for characterizing its distribution. Data used spanned 24 months, and were obtained from measurement of EUTELSAT W4/W7 satellite beacons on 12.245 GHz frequency, 1 s integration time and 53° elevation angle, at the Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure (07°17′N, 005°18′E, 358 m) Nigeria. Results show that logarithmic function performed best in modelling χ pp from σ χ as indicated by high coefficient of determination and minimal root mean sqaure error values. Strong scintillation events (σ χ > 0.5) were also found to occur less frequently as sample interval increased. Lastly, lognornal, gamma and generalised extreme value (GEV) models were found suitable for describing σ χ distribution.
{"title":"Ku-Band scintillation over Akure, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ashidi","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abcd28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abcd28","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship between scintillation intensity (σ χ ) and peak-to-peak amplitude (χ pp) is important for mitigating scintillation effects on any communication link. This study employs linear, logarithmic and polynomial functions for fitting σ χ and χ pp in order to determine the best model for describing the variation of the former with the latter. It also examines the frequency of occurrence of scintillation intensity and the suitable probability density function for characterizing its distribution. Data used spanned 24 months, and were obtained from measurement of EUTELSAT W4/W7 satellite beacons on 12.245 GHz frequency, 1 s integration time and 53° elevation angle, at the Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure (07°17′N, 005°18′E, 358 m) Nigeria. Results show that logarithmic function performed best in modelling χ pp from σ χ as indicated by high coefficient of determination and minimal root mean sqaure error values. Strong scintillation events (σ χ > 0.5) were also found to occur less frequently as sample interval increased. Lastly, lognornal, gamma and generalised extreme value (GEV) models were found suitable for describing σ χ distribution.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abcea2
M. T. Sultan, A. Manolescu, H. Svavarsson, Á. Valfells
The study presents the dynamics of solid-state dewetting of silver (Ag)-film annealed in N2 ambient, analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Varying the annealing parameters (i.e. temperature and time) and Ag-film thicknesses were taken into account, to determine their effect over the solid-state dewetting of Ag-films. Several morphological evolutions from nanohole to the presence of metastable nanorings were observed. It was determined that structures annealed at high temperature (≥900 °C) and/or time (≥2 h) results in formation of metastable nanorings and whose geometrical aspects and population grew with increasing film thickness. Possible applications of the structures for fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays and photo-emitters are briefly described.
{"title":"Solid-state dewetting of silver-thin films: self-assembled nano-geometries","authors":"M. T. Sultan, A. Manolescu, H. Svavarsson, Á. Valfells","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abcea2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abcea2","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the dynamics of solid-state dewetting of silver (Ag)-film annealed in N2 ambient, analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Varying the annealing parameters (i.e. temperature and time) and Ag-film thicknesses were taken into account, to determine their effect over the solid-state dewetting of Ag-films. Several morphological evolutions from nanohole to the presence of metastable nanorings were observed. It was determined that structures annealed at high temperature (≥900 °C) and/or time (≥2 h) results in formation of metastable nanorings and whose geometrical aspects and population grew with increasing film thickness. Possible applications of the structures for fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays and photo-emitters are briefly described.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46753564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abcf82
Anwesha Ghosh, P. Bhadury
The whole genome of Synechococcus moorigangaii CMS01 isolated from Indian Sundarbans mangroves of Bay of Bengal is about 5.5 Mbp in size and contains approximately 0.5 Mbp plasmids. Genome annotation revealed total of 5806 genes out of which 5701 were CDSs. Of these, 5616 coding genes with 5616 protein coding CDSs were found. Along with genes coding for essential metabolic proteins, transport proteins and other cellular apparatus, genome also codes for proteins involved in flagella and pilus formation which has not been widely reported before in any coastal species of Synechococcus. The genome contains one incomplete prophage sequence. The genome analysis revealed adaptive features of S. moorigangaii CMS01 and establishes its ubiquitous distribution in coastal water of Bay of Bengal.
{"title":"The large genome of Synechococcus moorigangaii CMS01 isolated from a mangrove ecosystem- evidences of motility and adaptive features","authors":"Anwesha Ghosh, P. Bhadury","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abcf82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abcf82","url":null,"abstract":"The whole genome of Synechococcus moorigangaii CMS01 isolated from Indian Sundarbans mangroves of Bay of Bengal is about 5.5 Mbp in size and contains approximately 0.5 Mbp plasmids. Genome annotation revealed total of 5806 genes out of which 5701 were CDSs. Of these, 5616 coding genes with 5616 protein coding CDSs were found. Along with genes coding for essential metabolic proteins, transport proteins and other cellular apparatus, genome also codes for proteins involved in flagella and pilus formation which has not been widely reported before in any coastal species of Synechococcus. The genome contains one incomplete prophage sequence. The genome analysis revealed adaptive features of S. moorigangaii CMS01 and establishes its ubiquitous distribution in coastal water of Bay of Bengal.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48532193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ac17c7
T. Joshi, A. Mohanty
This research study was carried out to combine the benefits of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and short carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop the composites for automotive applications. The powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to fabricate five samples with different compositions. Linear wear, coefficient of friction, density, and Vickers hardness of the samples were determined and compared. The sample with 6 wt.% CF and 10 wt.% SiC was found to have the optimal properties. It was observed that the linear wear was 52.32% less and the hardness was 14.58% more than the base metal.
{"title":"Effect of short carbon fiber/SiC on tribological properties of aluminium matrix hybrid composites","authors":"T. Joshi, A. Mohanty","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/ac17c7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/ac17c7","url":null,"abstract":"This research study was carried out to combine the benefits of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and short carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop the composites for automotive applications. The powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to fabricate five samples with different compositions. Linear wear, coefficient of friction, density, and Vickers hardness of the samples were determined and compared. The sample with 6 wt.% CF and 10 wt.% SiC was found to have the optimal properties. It was observed that the linear wear was 52.32% less and the hardness was 14.58% more than the base metal.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abd1d2
Hollis Williams
We discuss the significance of superpositions of unitary operators in the formalism of quantum mechanics. We show that with this viewpoint, it can be demonstrated that one can observe a measurement with zero Ozawa uncertainty in a physically realisable feedback set-up which uses polarised photons coupled to spin. We derive a set of conditions under which a linear combination of unitary matrices is also a unitary matrix and confirm that the conditions are met by a realistic quantum gate.
{"title":"Superpositions of unitary operators in quantum mechanics","authors":"Hollis Williams","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abd1d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abd1d2","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the significance of superpositions of unitary operators in the formalism of quantum mechanics. We show that with this viewpoint, it can be demonstrated that one can observe a measurement with zero Ozawa uncertainty in a physically realisable feedback set-up which uses polarised photons coupled to spin. We derive a set of conditions under which a linear combination of unitary matrices is also a unitary matrix and confirm that the conditions are met by a realistic quantum gate.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abd8e2
Tianjia Liu, M. Crowley
Since 2000, observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, have been used to monitor global burned area and its trends. The FireCCI and MCD64A1 products classify burned area using algorithms that detect change in surface reflectance and separately process each ∼10° × 10° MODIS tile. We find that artifacts arise in both products from this tiling procedure. In particular, we find severe tiling artifacts in FireCCI, version 5.1 (FireCCI51) in northwest India and Pakistan, where the classified burned area is disjointed at the latitudinal boundary of two tiles that largely separates the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. In contrast, this tiling effect is less noticeable in MCD64A1, Collection 6 (C6). As a result, while the average 2003–2019 October-November burned area in Haryana is of similar magnitude across the two products, that for Punjab is 13,381 km2 for MCD64A1 and just 1,486 km2 for FireCCI. We find moderate tiling artifacts in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. Our results highlight that additional processing is needed to ensure the continuity of burned area classification in FireCCI and MCD64A1, as well as other products relying on tile-dependent algorithms.
{"title":"Detection and impacts of tiling artifacts in MODIS burned area classification","authors":"Tianjia Liu, M. Crowley","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abd8e2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abd8e2","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000, observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, have been used to monitor global burned area and its trends. The FireCCI and MCD64A1 products classify burned area using algorithms that detect change in surface reflectance and separately process each ∼10° × 10° MODIS tile. We find that artifacts arise in both products from this tiling procedure. In particular, we find severe tiling artifacts in FireCCI, version 5.1 (FireCCI51) in northwest India and Pakistan, where the classified burned area is disjointed at the latitudinal boundary of two tiles that largely separates the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. In contrast, this tiling effect is less noticeable in MCD64A1, Collection 6 (C6). As a result, while the average 2003–2019 October-November burned area in Haryana is of similar magnitude across the two products, that for Punjab is 13,381 km2 for MCD64A1 and just 1,486 km2 for FireCCI. We find moderate tiling artifacts in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. Our results highlight that additional processing is needed to ensure the continuity of burned area classification in FireCCI and MCD64A1, as well as other products relying on tile-dependent algorithms.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43312067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abd3ab
R. Roy, M. Akbar
In this study, we investigate a couple of nonlinear fractional differential equations namely, the sine-Gordon and Burgers equations in the sense of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. In order to examine exact solutions effectively applicable in relaxation and diffusion problems, crystal defects, solid-state physics, plasma physics, vibration theory, astrophysical fusion plasmas, scalar electrodynamics, etc. we introduce the new generalized G′/G -expansion method. The method is highly effective and a functional mathematical scheme to examine solitary wave solutions to diverse fractional physical models.
{"title":"A new approach to study nonlinear space-time fractional sine-Gordon and Burgers equations","authors":"R. Roy, M. Akbar","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abd3ab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abd3ab","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate a couple of nonlinear fractional differential equations namely, the sine-Gordon and Burgers equations in the sense of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. In order to examine exact solutions effectively applicable in relaxation and diffusion problems, crystal defects, solid-state physics, plasma physics, vibration theory, astrophysical fusion plasmas, scalar electrodynamics, etc. we introduce the new generalized G′/G -expansion method. The method is highly effective and a functional mathematical scheme to examine solitary wave solutions to diverse fractional physical models.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44787572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abc0b8
K. Kaur, Ravibabu Mulaveesala, Anju Rani, V. Kher
Non-destructive testing & evaluation plays a crucial role in various sectors for testing the reliability of materials. Of the different available non-destructive examination techniques, thermal non-destructive testing provides fast and remote inspection of the materials. Among various widely used thermal non-destructive testing techniques, frequency modulated thermal wave imaging gained its importance due to its higher test sensitivity and resolution. The adopted matched filter approach on the obtained temporal temperature distribution further concentrates supplied excitation energy into a narrow duration high peak power pulse. In this paper, the merits of the reconstructed high peak power pulsed data have been considered and emphasized in the context of independent component analysis. The obtained results clearly indicate that pulse compressed data improves defect detectability, reliability, memory usage, and computational complexity.
{"title":"Independent component analysis for pulse compressed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for inspection of mild steel","authors":"K. Kaur, Ravibabu Mulaveesala, Anju Rani, V. Kher","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abc0b8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abc0b8","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive testing & evaluation plays a crucial role in various sectors for testing the reliability of materials. Of the different available non-destructive examination techniques, thermal non-destructive testing provides fast and remote inspection of the materials. Among various widely used thermal non-destructive testing techniques, frequency modulated thermal wave imaging gained its importance due to its higher test sensitivity and resolution. The adopted matched filter approach on the obtained temporal temperature distribution further concentrates supplied excitation energy into a narrow duration high peak power pulse. In this paper, the merits of the reconstructed high peak power pulsed data have been considered and emphasized in the context of independent component analysis. The obtained results clearly indicate that pulse compressed data improves defect detectability, reliability, memory usage, and computational complexity.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44857551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/abc01e
Suboh Alkhushayni, Daniel C Zellmer, Ryan J DeBusk, Du’a Al-zaleq
Twitter has become a medium through which a substantial percentage of the global population communicates their feelings and reactions to current events. Emotion mining from text aims to capture these emotions by using a series of algorithms to evaluate the contents of each tweet. In this study, tweets that expressed at least one of seven basic emotions were collected. The resulting dataset was a corpus of 42,000 tweets with a balanced presence of each emotion. From this corpus a lexicon of roughly 40,000 words, each associated with a weighted vector corresponding to one of the emotions, was created. Next, different methods of identifying emotion in these ‘cleaned’ tweets were performed and evaluated. These methods included both lexically-based classification and supervised machine learning-based classification. Finally, an ensemble method involving several multi-class classifiers trained on unigram features of the lexicon was evaluated. This evaluation revealed that the ensemble method outperformed all other tested methods when tested on existing datasets as well as on the dataset created for this study.
{"title":"Text emotion mining on Twitter","authors":"Suboh Alkhushayni, Daniel C Zellmer, Ryan J DeBusk, Du’a Al-zaleq","doi":"10.1088/2633-1357/abc01e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2633-1357/abc01e","url":null,"abstract":"Twitter has become a medium through which a substantial percentage of the global population communicates their feelings and reactions to current events. Emotion mining from text aims to capture these emotions by using a series of algorithms to evaluate the contents of each tweet. In this study, tweets that expressed at least one of seven basic emotions were collected. The resulting dataset was a corpus of 42,000 tweets with a balanced presence of each emotion. From this corpus a lexicon of roughly 40,000 words, each associated with a weighted vector corresponding to one of the emotions, was created. Next, different methods of identifying emotion in these ‘cleaned’ tweets were performed and evaluated. These methods included both lexically-based classification and supervised machine learning-based classification. Finally, an ensemble method involving several multi-class classifiers trained on unigram features of the lexicon was evaluated. This evaluation revealed that the ensemble method outperformed all other tested methods when tested on existing datasets as well as on the dataset created for this study.","PeriodicalId":93771,"journal":{"name":"IOP SciNotes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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