Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3030029
Yolande A. Wontcheu Fotso, S. Ghazi, Anissa Belkaid, Jason Soucy, L. Tremblay, S. Lamarre, O. Clarisse, M. Touaibia
To promote the rational use of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) from Eastern Canada, a mushroom consumed in infusion as a health drink, the extraction of its constituents was investigated. The extraction was carried out with water or ethanol at room temperature or by heating as well as following exposure to ultrasound. The extracts of the four seasons obtained with the four extraction methods were compared for their contents in carbon, nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K), betulin, betulinic acid, potassium, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The antiradical effect as well as the photoprotective effects of all extracts were also investigated. The results show that there is no difference between the quantities extracted from the extracts of the 4 seasons. The results show a significant difference between the mass of the extracts obtained with water and ethanol. Betulinic acid was found to be more abundant in the extracts obtained with water while betulin was more abundant in the extracts obtained with ethanol. The mushroom and the extracts had high C contents, but low N and S contents, typical of protein-poor and carbohydrate-rich materials. Extracts were particularly rich in potassium, five times more than bananas. Heating favors the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids. The aqueous extracts of chaga harvested in winter had the highest antiradical capacity. With a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) higher than 30 in the UVB wavelength, chaga extracts might be used as sunscreen. Extracts obtained with water had the highest SPF in general. The analysis of this mushroom further highlights this local product that deserves more attention for its potential benefits as a functional food/nutraceutical product. In addition to its nutritional values, this mushroom can also be used for its cosmetic qualities as it can be used as a sunscreen.
{"title":"Extraction, Chemical Composition, Antiradical Capacity, and Photoprotective Effect of Inonotus obliquus from Eastern Canada","authors":"Yolande A. Wontcheu Fotso, S. Ghazi, Anissa Belkaid, Jason Soucy, L. Tremblay, S. Lamarre, O. Clarisse, M. Touaibia","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030029","url":null,"abstract":"To promote the rational use of Inonotus obliquus (chaga) from Eastern Canada, a mushroom consumed in infusion as a health drink, the extraction of its constituents was investigated. The extraction was carried out with water or ethanol at room temperature or by heating as well as following exposure to ultrasound. The extracts of the four seasons obtained with the four extraction methods were compared for their contents in carbon, nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K), betulin, betulinic acid, potassium, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The antiradical effect as well as the photoprotective effects of all extracts were also investigated. The results show that there is no difference between the quantities extracted from the extracts of the 4 seasons. The results show a significant difference between the mass of the extracts obtained with water and ethanol. Betulinic acid was found to be more abundant in the extracts obtained with water while betulin was more abundant in the extracts obtained with ethanol. The mushroom and the extracts had high C contents, but low N and S contents, typical of protein-poor and carbohydrate-rich materials. Extracts were particularly rich in potassium, five times more than bananas. Heating favors the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids. The aqueous extracts of chaga harvested in winter had the highest antiradical capacity. With a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) higher than 30 in the UVB wavelength, chaga extracts might be used as sunscreen. Extracts obtained with water had the highest SPF in general. The analysis of this mushroom further highlights this local product that deserves more attention for its potential benefits as a functional food/nutraceutical product. In addition to its nutritional values, this mushroom can also be used for its cosmetic qualities as it can be used as a sunscreen.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The augmentation of adipocytes in the adipose tissues brings disordered pathophysiological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) prevents oxidative stress as radical scavenging in cells. However, the role of the disorder as a pharmacologic factor has been poorly understood. This study elucidates the regulatory effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM containing 10% calf fetal serum in the presence of DHMBA. Culturing with DHMBA repressed the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in a medium without differentiation factors. Interestingly, when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in a medium including differentiation factors containing insulin, DHMBA did not affect the number of cells with the differentiation process of adipogenesis. Culturing with DHMBA (1, 10, or 100 μM) inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes and repressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The potent inhibitory effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis were seen at the later stage of culture. Adipogenesis was inhibited by the presence of wortmannin, PD98059, or Bay 11-7082, which are inhibitors of pathways related to insulin signaling pathway. Notably, the suppressive effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis were expressed by the presence of these inhibitors. DHMBA treatment declined the levels of PPARy and C/EBPα related to preadipocyte differentiation and PI3 kinase 100α, Akt, MAPK, phosphor-MAPK, and mTOR implicated in the insulin signaling pathway, leading to adipogenesis promotion. Thus, DHMBA may inhibit adipogenesis via regulating diverse signaling pathways, providing a new strategy for the therapy of obesity.
{"title":"The Marine Factor 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol Represses Adipogenesis in Mouse 3T3-L1 Adipocytes In Vitro: Regulating Diverse Signaling Pathways","authors":"Masayoshi Yamaguchi, Kenji Yoshiike, Hideaki Watanabe, Mitsugu Watanabe","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030028","url":null,"abstract":"The augmentation of adipocytes in the adipose tissues brings disordered pathophysiological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The phenolic antioxidant 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA) prevents oxidative stress as radical scavenging in cells. However, the role of the disorder as a pharmacologic factor has been poorly understood. This study elucidates the regulatory effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM containing 10% calf fetal serum in the presence of DHMBA. Culturing with DHMBA repressed the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in a medium without differentiation factors. Interestingly, when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in a medium including differentiation factors containing insulin, DHMBA did not affect the number of cells with the differentiation process of adipogenesis. Culturing with DHMBA (1, 10, or 100 μM) inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes and repressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The potent inhibitory effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis were seen at the later stage of culture. Adipogenesis was inhibited by the presence of wortmannin, PD98059, or Bay 11-7082, which are inhibitors of pathways related to insulin signaling pathway. Notably, the suppressive effects of DHMBA on adipogenesis were expressed by the presence of these inhibitors. DHMBA treatment declined the levels of PPARy and C/EBPα related to preadipocyte differentiation and PI3 kinase 100α, Akt, MAPK, phosphor-MAPK, and mTOR implicated in the insulin signaling pathway, leading to adipogenesis promotion. Thus, DHMBA may inhibit adipogenesis via regulating diverse signaling pathways, providing a new strategy for the therapy of obesity.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44757304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3030027
Robert Thomas, Madeleine Williams, J. Aldous, Kevin Wyld
Natural phytochemicals (PCs) are responsible for the taste, colour, and aroma of many edible plants. Cohort studies have linked higher intake to a reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases and premature ageing. The ability of foods rich in PCs, such as phytanthocyanins, apigenin, flavonols, flavonoids, bioflavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and ellagitannins, to support physical activity has also been highlighted in a number of published pre-clinical and prospective clinical studies. This literature mostly emphasises the ability of PCs to enhance the adaptive upregulation of antioxidant enzymes (AEs), which reduces exercise-associated oxidative stress, but there are several other mechanisms of benefit that this narrative review addresses. These mechanisms include; protecting joints and tendons from physical trauma during exercise; mitigating delayed-onset muscle symptoms (DOMS) and muscle damage; improving muscle and tissue oxygenation during training; cultivating a healthy gut microbiome hence lowering excess inflammation; cutting the incidence of upper respiratory tract viral infections which disrupt training programmes; and helping to restore circadian rhythm which improves sleep recovery and reduces daytime fatigue, which in turn elevates mood and motivation to train.
{"title":"Multiple Biological Mechanisms for the Potential Influence of Phytochemicals on Physical Activity Performance: A Narrative Review","authors":"Robert Thomas, Madeleine Williams, J. Aldous, Kevin Wyld","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030027","url":null,"abstract":"Natural phytochemicals (PCs) are responsible for the taste, colour, and aroma of many edible plants. Cohort studies have linked higher intake to a reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases and premature ageing. The ability of foods rich in PCs, such as phytanthocyanins, apigenin, flavonols, flavonoids, bioflavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and ellagitannins, to support physical activity has also been highlighted in a number of published pre-clinical and prospective clinical studies. This literature mostly emphasises the ability of PCs to enhance the adaptive upregulation of antioxidant enzymes (AEs), which reduces exercise-associated oxidative stress, but there are several other mechanisms of benefit that this narrative review addresses. These mechanisms include; protecting joints and tendons from physical trauma during exercise; mitigating delayed-onset muscle symptoms (DOMS) and muscle damage; improving muscle and tissue oxygenation during training; cultivating a healthy gut microbiome hence lowering excess inflammation; cutting the incidence of upper respiratory tract viral infections which disrupt training programmes; and helping to restore circadian rhythm which improves sleep recovery and reduces daytime fatigue, which in turn elevates mood and motivation to train.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49603398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3030026
M. Majeed, N. Narayanan, Lakshmi A Mundkur, P. Prakasan, K. Nagabhushanam
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease showing an exponential increase in its prevalence all over the world. High blood glucose level is one of the main clinical signs of the disease. Although several classes of drugs are available for treatment, their prolonged use and adverse effects behoove the use of alternative medicine. Plant-derived natural products have multifaceted beneficial roles in human pathophysiology. Plant metabolites like tannins, organic acids, polyphenols, terpenes, and flavonoids show multiple mechanisms of action against diabetes. The fruits of Emblica officinalis (EOF), also known as Indian gooseberry (amla), contain several phytochemicals, potentially having anti-diabetic activity. Hydrolyzable tannins are the major bioactive components of the amla fruit, the most abundant hydrolyzable tannin being β-glucogallin. The present review summarizes the mechanism of action and clinical evidence for the beneficial effects of EOF on T2DM and its associated complications.
{"title":"Super Fruit Amla (Emblica officinalis, Gaertn) in Diabetes Management and Ensuing Complications: A Concise Review","authors":"M. Majeed, N. Narayanan, Lakshmi A Mundkur, P. Prakasan, K. Nagabhushanam","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030026","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease showing an exponential increase in its prevalence all over the world. High blood glucose level is one of the main clinical signs of the disease. Although several classes of drugs are available for treatment, their prolonged use and adverse effects behoove the use of alternative medicine. Plant-derived natural products have multifaceted beneficial roles in human pathophysiology. Plant metabolites like tannins, organic acids, polyphenols, terpenes, and flavonoids show multiple mechanisms of action against diabetes. The fruits of Emblica officinalis (EOF), also known as Indian gooseberry (amla), contain several phytochemicals, potentially having anti-diabetic activity. Hydrolyzable tannins are the major bioactive components of the amla fruit, the most abundant hydrolyzable tannin being β-glucogallin. The present review summarizes the mechanism of action and clinical evidence for the beneficial effects of EOF on T2DM and its associated complications.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46538637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3030025
Christian Setz, M. Große, Maria Fröba, Janina Auth, P. Rauch, A. Herrmann, A. Cordsmeier, A. Ensser, M. Schindler, Martina Morokutti-Kurz, Philipp Graf, Benedikt Engel, Eva Prieschl-Grassauer, A. Grassauer, U. Schubert
Even with its endemic transition, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health threat, particularly in the light of emerging variants of concern (VoCs) and the need for pandemic preparedness in the future. In November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 VoC Omicron emerged and its subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 became predominant. Although the protease inhibitor Paxlovid® and the polymerase inhibitors Molnupiravir and Remdesivir were approved as specific antiviral treatment options for COVID-19 patients in the early stages after infection, effective prophylactically acting substances without adverse effects are not available yet. In a recent study, we demonstrated that iota-carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed, efficiently inhibits the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan Type and the VoCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Now, we extended this study by investigating the antiviral effects of iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenans on the VoC Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Using a VoC Omicron BA.1 spike pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (BA.1 MLVOMVLP) as well as patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 Omicron isolates BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 (SARS-CoV-2OM BA.1, SARS-CoV-2OM BA.2 and SARS-CoV-2OM BA.5), we demonstrate that iota-carrageenan exhibits similar antiviral activity against all analyzed Omicron subvariants. As with other VoCs shown before, the biologically inert iota-carrageenan was more efficient than kappa- and lambda-carrageenan. Altogether, these results confirm that, independent of the current and potential future variants, the physical barrier provided by iota-carrageenan might be applicable for prophylaxis and early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
{"title":"Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5","authors":"Christian Setz, M. Große, Maria Fröba, Janina Auth, P. Rauch, A. Herrmann, A. Cordsmeier, A. Ensser, M. Schindler, Martina Morokutti-Kurz, Philipp Graf, Benedikt Engel, Eva Prieschl-Grassauer, A. Grassauer, U. Schubert","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030025","url":null,"abstract":"Even with its endemic transition, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health threat, particularly in the light of emerging variants of concern (VoCs) and the need for pandemic preparedness in the future. In November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 VoC Omicron emerged and its subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 became predominant. Although the protease inhibitor Paxlovid® and the polymerase inhibitors Molnupiravir and Remdesivir were approved as specific antiviral treatment options for COVID-19 patients in the early stages after infection, effective prophylactically acting substances without adverse effects are not available yet. In a recent study, we demonstrated that iota-carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed, efficiently inhibits the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan Type and the VoCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Now, we extended this study by investigating the antiviral effects of iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenans on the VoC Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Using a VoC Omicron BA.1 spike pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (BA.1 MLVOMVLP) as well as patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 Omicron isolates BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 (SARS-CoV-2OM BA.1, SARS-CoV-2OM BA.2 and SARS-CoV-2OM BA.5), we demonstrate that iota-carrageenan exhibits similar antiviral activity against all analyzed Omicron subvariants. As with other VoCs shown before, the biologically inert iota-carrageenan was more efficient than kappa- and lambda-carrageenan. Altogether, these results confirm that, independent of the current and potential future variants, the physical barrier provided by iota-carrageenan might be applicable for prophylaxis and early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3030024
Cristina Monica Papa, A. Suciu, I. Dopcea, Nicoleta Ene, S. Singh, E. Vamanu
Plants with therapeutic potential are a rich resource for the inhabitants of a country, with Romania among them, having a diverse flora not only from plants but also from fungi. New trends in biopharmaceuticals are also addressed in studies related to topical administration, representing a great advantage; research has determined biological activities in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to present the main active compounds from extracts of Lactarius piperatus, Centaurea cyanus, and Ribes rubrum. In vitro (DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power) and in vivo activities were determined. A survey of hydrating cosmetic products and the completion of a patch test (in vivo test) under dermatological control were realized to confirm the skin compatibility of the product in a panel of human subjects after a single application. The cosmetic product did not induce allergic reactions, erythema, irritation, or itching. This study showed that the extracts incorporated in the formulation of the face cream had a nutricosmetic effect. The research demonstrated a result of increasing skin elasticity and an anti-inflammatory effect following direct application to the skin of volunteers. The product offered in vitro/in vivo protection against the action of free radicals; it was effective in reducing the side effects of exposure to the action of blue light.
{"title":"Exploring the Efficacy of Extracts for Cosmetic Creams: In Vivo and In Vitro Assessments","authors":"Cristina Monica Papa, A. Suciu, I. Dopcea, Nicoleta Ene, S. Singh, E. Vamanu","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030024","url":null,"abstract":"Plants with therapeutic potential are a rich resource for the inhabitants of a country, with Romania among them, having a diverse flora not only from plants but also from fungi. New trends in biopharmaceuticals are also addressed in studies related to topical administration, representing a great advantage; research has determined biological activities in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to present the main active compounds from extracts of Lactarius piperatus, Centaurea cyanus, and Ribes rubrum. In vitro (DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power) and in vivo activities were determined. A survey of hydrating cosmetic products and the completion of a patch test (in vivo test) under dermatological control were realized to confirm the skin compatibility of the product in a panel of human subjects after a single application. The cosmetic product did not induce allergic reactions, erythema, irritation, or itching. This study showed that the extracts incorporated in the formulation of the face cream had a nutricosmetic effect. The research demonstrated a result of increasing skin elasticity and an anti-inflammatory effect following direct application to the skin of volunteers. The product offered in vitro/in vivo protection against the action of free radicals; it was effective in reducing the side effects of exposure to the action of blue light.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3020023
Min Du, Chuck Chang, Xin Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Melissa J. Radford, R. Gahler, Y. Kuo, S. Wood, J. Solnier
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient with important immunomodulatory properties. As a fat-soluble compound, Vitamin D (and its D3 form) is immiscible with water, which presents challenges to absorption. In an in vitro setting, the current study characterizes novel micellar formulations of Vitamin D3 designed to improve absorption. Techniques used to evaluate and compare the micellar formulations against a non-micellar formula include the following: cryo-SEM to determine morphology; laser diffraction to determine particle size and distribution; zeta potential to determine stability of the particles; solubility assays to determine solubility in water and gastrointestinal media; and Caco-2 cell monolayers to determine intestinal permeability. Results show advantageous features (particle size range in the low micrometres with an average zeta potential of −51.56 ± 2.76 mV), as well as significant improvements in intestinal permeability, in one optimized micellar formula (LipoMicel®). When introduced to Caco-2 cells, LipoMicel’s permeability was significantly better than the control (p < 0.01; ANOVA). Findings of this study suggest that the novel micellar form of Vitamin D3 (LipoMicel) has the potential to promote absorption of Vitamin D3. Thus, it can serve as a promising candidate for follow-up in vivo studies in humans.
{"title":"Designing Vitamin D3 Formulations: An In Vitro Investigation Using a Novel Micellar Delivery System","authors":"Min Du, Chuck Chang, Xin Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Melissa J. Radford, R. Gahler, Y. Kuo, S. Wood, J. Solnier","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020023","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D is an essential nutrient with important immunomodulatory properties. As a fat-soluble compound, Vitamin D (and its D3 form) is immiscible with water, which presents challenges to absorption. In an in vitro setting, the current study characterizes novel micellar formulations of Vitamin D3 designed to improve absorption. Techniques used to evaluate and compare the micellar formulations against a non-micellar formula include the following: cryo-SEM to determine morphology; laser diffraction to determine particle size and distribution; zeta potential to determine stability of the particles; solubility assays to determine solubility in water and gastrointestinal media; and Caco-2 cell monolayers to determine intestinal permeability. Results show advantageous features (particle size range in the low micrometres with an average zeta potential of −51.56 ± 2.76 mV), as well as significant improvements in intestinal permeability, in one optimized micellar formula (LipoMicel®). When introduced to Caco-2 cells, LipoMicel’s permeability was significantly better than the control (p < 0.01; ANOVA). Findings of this study suggest that the novel micellar form of Vitamin D3 (LipoMicel) has the potential to promote absorption of Vitamin D3. Thus, it can serve as a promising candidate for follow-up in vivo studies in humans.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3020022
Emilia E. Zawieja, A. Chmurzyńska, J. Anioła, B. Zawieja, J. Cholewa
Purpose: To evaluate the association of CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms, paraxanthine concentrations, and habitual caffeine (CAF) intake with respect to muscular performance after acute CAF supplementation. Methods: A total of 27 resistance-trained males participating in the study ingested either 5 mg/kg of CAF or PL 45 min before a battery of exercise tests in a cross-over design. DNA was tested for the rs5751876 and rs762551 polymorphisms. Results: CAF improved performance in jumping average power, average velocity, max velocity, bench press in the first set, and peak power in the second set. For the CYP1A2 genotype, C allele carriers improved in jumping average velocity (CAF: 1.77 ± 0.14 m/s, PL: 1.71 ± 0.16 m/s, p < 0.001), and AA homozygotes improved set 1 bench press (CAF: 9.7 ± 1.7 reps, PL: 8.9 ± 1.8 reps, p = 0.046). For the ADORA2A genotype, CC (CAF: 1.70 ± 0.20 m/s, PL: 1.67 ± 0.19 m/s, p = 0.005) and CT (CAF: 1.79 ± 0.09 m/s, PL: 1.74 ± 0.11 m/s, p < 0.001) improved in jumping average velocity and CT also improved in bench press set 2 peak power (CAF: 363 ± 76 W, PL: 323 ± 59 W, p = 0.021). For CAF habituation, CAF improved jumping average power (p = 0.007) and jumping average velocity (p < 0.001) in high users but not in low users (p > 0.05). Conclusions: CAF may improve jumping and bench press performance, irrespective of genotypes, but the associations with the genotypes in CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genes, as well as habitual CAF intake, are not clear and require further investigation.
{"title":"The Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Resistance and Jumping Exercise: The Interaction with CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Genotypes","authors":"Emilia E. Zawieja, A. Chmurzyńska, J. Anioła, B. Zawieja, J. Cholewa","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020022","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the association of CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms, paraxanthine concentrations, and habitual caffeine (CAF) intake with respect to muscular performance after acute CAF supplementation. Methods: A total of 27 resistance-trained males participating in the study ingested either 5 mg/kg of CAF or PL 45 min before a battery of exercise tests in a cross-over design. DNA was tested for the rs5751876 and rs762551 polymorphisms. Results: CAF improved performance in jumping average power, average velocity, max velocity, bench press in the first set, and peak power in the second set. For the CYP1A2 genotype, C allele carriers improved in jumping average velocity (CAF: 1.77 ± 0.14 m/s, PL: 1.71 ± 0.16 m/s, p < 0.001), and AA homozygotes improved set 1 bench press (CAF: 9.7 ± 1.7 reps, PL: 8.9 ± 1.8 reps, p = 0.046). For the ADORA2A genotype, CC (CAF: 1.70 ± 0.20 m/s, PL: 1.67 ± 0.19 m/s, p = 0.005) and CT (CAF: 1.79 ± 0.09 m/s, PL: 1.74 ± 0.11 m/s, p < 0.001) improved in jumping average velocity and CT also improved in bench press set 2 peak power (CAF: 363 ± 76 W, PL: 323 ± 59 W, p = 0.021). For CAF habituation, CAF improved jumping average power (p = 0.007) and jumping average velocity (p < 0.001) in high users but not in low users (p > 0.05). Conclusions: CAF may improve jumping and bench press performance, irrespective of genotypes, but the associations with the genotypes in CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genes, as well as habitual CAF intake, are not clear and require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44142466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3020021
Duyen T. P. Tran, M. Ishaq, Cheng Yang, T. Ahmad, M. Ronci, M. Zuccarini, S. Myers, Courtney McGowan, R. Eri, D. Henstridge, S. Sonda, V. Caruso
Comorbidities associated with obesity, including diabetes and kidney diseases, greatly increase mortality rates and healthcare costs in obese patients. Studies in animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that L-serine supplementation is a safe and effective therapeutic approach that ameliorates the consequences of obesity. However, little is known about the effects of L-Serine supplementation following high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and its role in the mRNA expression of markers of kidney injury. We provide a descriptive action by which L-serine administration ameliorated the consequences of HFD consumption in relation to weight loss, glucose homeostasis as well as renal mRNA expression of markers of kidney injury. Our results indicated that L-Serine supplementation in drinking water (1%, ad libitum for 12 weeks) in male C57BL/6J mice promoted a significant reduction in body weight, visceral adipose mass (epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads) as well as blood glucose levels in mice consuming a HFD. In addition, the amino acid significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the Kidney Injury Marker 1 (KIM-1), P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2RY1), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα). L-serine administration had no effect on mice consuming a standard chow diet. Collectively, our findings suggest that L-serine is an effective compound for long-term use in animal models and that it ameliorates the metabolic consequences of HFD consumption and reduces the elevated levels of renal pro-inflammatory cytokines occurring in obesity.
{"title":"Twelve Weeks of Oral L-Serine Supplementation Improves Glucose Tolerance, Reduces Visceral Fat Pads, and Reverses the mRNA Overexpression of Renal Injury Markers KIM-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in a Mouse Model of Obesity","authors":"Duyen T. P. Tran, M. Ishaq, Cheng Yang, T. Ahmad, M. Ronci, M. Zuccarini, S. Myers, Courtney McGowan, R. Eri, D. Henstridge, S. Sonda, V. Caruso","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020021","url":null,"abstract":"Comorbidities associated with obesity, including diabetes and kidney diseases, greatly increase mortality rates and healthcare costs in obese patients. Studies in animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that L-serine supplementation is a safe and effective therapeutic approach that ameliorates the consequences of obesity. However, little is known about the effects of L-Serine supplementation following high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and its role in the mRNA expression of markers of kidney injury. We provide a descriptive action by which L-serine administration ameliorated the consequences of HFD consumption in relation to weight loss, glucose homeostasis as well as renal mRNA expression of markers of kidney injury. Our results indicated that L-Serine supplementation in drinking water (1%, ad libitum for 12 weeks) in male C57BL/6J mice promoted a significant reduction in body weight, visceral adipose mass (epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads) as well as blood glucose levels in mice consuming a HFD. In addition, the amino acid significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the Kidney Injury Marker 1 (KIM-1), P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2RY1), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα). L-serine administration had no effect on mice consuming a standard chow diet. Collectively, our findings suggest that L-serine is an effective compound for long-term use in animal models and that it ameliorates the metabolic consequences of HFD consumption and reduces the elevated levels of renal pro-inflammatory cytokines occurring in obesity.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.3390/nutraceuticals3020020
V. Borgonetti, Chiara Sasia, Martina Morozzi, L. Cenci, N. Galeotti
Growing evidence indicates chronic low-grade systemic inflammation as a major pathophysiological mechanism of obesity. Systemic inflammation provokes an immune response in the brain through the activation of microglia that results in the development of neuroinflammation, cellular senescence, and occurrence of neurological dysfunction. In the efforts to identify an innovative intervention with potential efficacy on obesity and associated complications, our aim was to study the capability of the dietary supplement Dekosilhue® (DKS), successfully used for improving the control of body weight, to attenuate microglia senescent phenotype. Microglia senescence was induced by intermittent stimulation of BV2 cells with LPS 500 ng/mL every 72 h for 4 h/day, over a period of 10 days. DKS (100 µg/mL) treatment reduced ß-galactosidase activity and expression, the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci to control levels, and increased cell viability of senescent BV2 (2 folds of control). DSK reduced the expression of Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) (20% lower than control), a key molecule involved in the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). DKS promoted a neuroprotective effect by increasing the cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells exposed to the senescent BV2 conditioned medium to values of non-senescent cells. In conclusion, DKS attenuated the senescent microglia phenotype, showing senotherapeutic activity that might be further investigated as adjunctive intervention for obesity and obesity-related neurological disturbances.
{"title":"Protection against Microglia Senescence by the Dietary Supplement Dekosilhue® in BV2 Cells: A New Perspective for Obesity and Related Complications","authors":"V. Borgonetti, Chiara Sasia, Martina Morozzi, L. Cenci, N. Galeotti","doi":"10.3390/nutraceuticals3020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3020020","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence indicates chronic low-grade systemic inflammation as a major pathophysiological mechanism of obesity. Systemic inflammation provokes an immune response in the brain through the activation of microglia that results in the development of neuroinflammation, cellular senescence, and occurrence of neurological dysfunction. In the efforts to identify an innovative intervention with potential efficacy on obesity and associated complications, our aim was to study the capability of the dietary supplement Dekosilhue® (DKS), successfully used for improving the control of body weight, to attenuate microglia senescent phenotype. Microglia senescence was induced by intermittent stimulation of BV2 cells with LPS 500 ng/mL every 72 h for 4 h/day, over a period of 10 days. DKS (100 µg/mL) treatment reduced ß-galactosidase activity and expression, the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci to control levels, and increased cell viability of senescent BV2 (2 folds of control). DSK reduced the expression of Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) (20% lower than control), a key molecule involved in the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). DKS promoted a neuroprotective effect by increasing the cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells exposed to the senescent BV2 conditioned medium to values of non-senescent cells. In conclusion, DKS attenuated the senescent microglia phenotype, showing senotherapeutic activity that might be further investigated as adjunctive intervention for obesity and obesity-related neurological disturbances.","PeriodicalId":93800,"journal":{"name":"Nutraceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45634986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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