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Plant Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress: A Study of Adaptation Strategies in Different Glycine max Cultivars 植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应:不同 Glycine max 栽培品种的适应策略研究
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00043
Maria Clara S. Aguiar, Marcelo M. Freitas, Carlos A. Freitas, Arlindo L. Boiça Júnior, Renato L. Carneiro and Moacir R. Forim*, 

Insects are still the main competitor of humans for food, and combined with other environmental stresses (such as hydric stress), they cause several yield losses and the reduction in crop quality. Therefore, the effects of the herbivory, hydric stress, methyl jasmonate, and the combination of these stresses on Glycine max cultivars resistant and susceptible to Spodoptera cosmioides were investigated. Chemical profile analyses of volatile and nonvolatile compounds from leaves revealed a clear influence of the stress conditions on the plant response according to the cultivar. Plants susceptible to S. cosmioides under hydric stress showed chemical variations characteristic of plant acclimation. Application of methyl jasmonate to the leaves induced resistance responses in both cultivars. The results indicated the activation of pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxylipins, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acids. Thus, this study contributes to a molecular understanding of the resistance mechanisms developed in G. max cultivars.

昆虫仍然是人类食物的主要竞争者,再加上其他环境胁迫(如水胁迫),它们会造成一些产量损失和作物品质下降。因此,本研究调查了食草动物、水胁迫、茉莉酸甲酯以及这些胁迫的组合对抗性和易感稻飞虱的甘氨酸马克斯(Glycine max)栽培品种的影响。叶片中挥发性和非挥发性化合物的化学成分分析表明,不同栽培品种的胁迫条件对植物的反应有明显影响。在水胁迫条件下,易感宇宙虫的植物表现出植物适应性特征的化学变化。在两种栽培品种的叶片上施用茉莉酸甲酯都能诱导抗性反应。研究结果表明,糖酵解、三羧酸循环、氧脂质、苯丙氨酸和脂肪酸等途径被激活。因此,这项研究有助于从分子角度了解 G. max 栽培品种的抗性机制。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Novel Zeolite-Based Controlled-Release Zinc Fertilizers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Release Kinetics 开发新型沸石控释锌肥:合成、表征和释放动力学
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00251
Suman Rani, Rita Dahiya*, Vinay Kumar, Priyanka Berwal, Smriti Sihag and Anushree Jatrana, 

Increasing demand of zinc fertilizers for sustainable food production and low micronutrient fertilizer use efficiency (2–3%) advocate the development of controlled-release fertilizers to enhance the efficacy of inputs and mitigate the environmental pollution caused by leaching losses. In the present work, an ecofriendly zeolite Y-based zinc fertilizer was synthesized via a facile reflux method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized zinc fertilizer were examined by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. The characterizations confirmed the presence of 4.9% (wt) zinc in the synthesized fertilizer without alteration in the zeolite framework structure. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the zinc adsorption of zeolite. The Langmuir isotherm was found to best fit the experimental data with a maximum zinc adsorption capacity of 130.72 mg/g. The zinc release studies were carried out in water as well as in soil, and the zinc release mechanism was studied by fitting different release kinetic models. About 55% of the zinc was released in water in 10 days, while in soil, it was found that about 0.017% of the zinc was leached out in 21 days. The mechanism of zinc release from the zeolite-based zinc fertilizer followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating zinc diffusion from the synthesized fertilizer as a non-Fickian process, and the zinc release in soil followed the Higuchi model, describing the zinc release through dissolution and diffusion, confirming the controlled release properties of the synthesized fertilizer. Hence, the present findings offer new opportunities for the development of zeolite Y-based fertilizers for controlled utilization of plant nutrients for environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture.

可持续粮食生产对锌肥的需求不断增加,而微量元素肥料的使用效率却很低(2%-3%),这促使人们开发控释肥料,以提高投入品的功效,并减轻浸出损失造成的环境污染。本研究采用简便的回流法合成了一种基于沸石 Y 的生态友好型锌肥。傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱和布鲁瑙尔-埃美特-泰勒技术检测了合成锌肥的结构和形态特征。表征结果证实,合成肥料中含有 4.9% (重量)的锌,而沸石框架结构没有发生改变。研究采用了 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 模型来研究沸石对锌的吸附。结果发现,Langmuir 等温线最适合实验数据,最大锌吸附容量为 130.72 毫克/克。在水中和土壤中进行了锌释放研究,并通过拟合不同的释放动力学模型研究了锌的释放机理。在水中,约 55% 的锌在 10 天内被释放;而在土壤中,约 0.017% 的锌在 21 天内被沥出。沸石锌肥的锌释放机理遵循 Korsmeyer-Peppas 模型,表明锌从合成肥料中的扩散是一个非费克式过程;锌在土壤中的释放遵循 Higuchi 模型,描述了锌通过溶解和扩散的释放过程,证实了合成肥料的控释特性。因此,本研究结果为开发基于沸石 Y 的肥料提供了新的机遇,可控制植物养分的利用,促进环境友好型和可持续农业的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Development of pH-Responsive Polymeric Pesticides as Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes for Targeted Control of B. cinerea in Precision Agriculture 开发具有 pH 响应性的聚合物杀虫剂作为超分子包涵复合物,用于在精准农业中靶向控制灰葡萄孢菌
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00117
Daihan Peng, Zhiyuan Ma, Shengxue Liu* and Xin Jia*, 

Over the past five decades, heavy reliance on pesticides in global food production has raised concerns regarding the efficiency of pest control and environmental contamination. Consequently, the development of supramolecular drug carriers based on host–guest interactions, particularly cyclodextrins, has shown promise in precision agriculture due to their predictable and adjustable properties. In this study, a series of amphiphilic random copolymers incorporating hydrophilic acrylamide and hydrophobic benzotriazole were designed and synthesized through coprecipitation to form a supramolecular inclusion complex. The copolymer and inclusion complex demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, which enabled the controlled release of benzotriazole for the targeted control of B. cinerea, a destructive phytopathogen that causes gray mold disease. The antimicrobial activity of the complex was observed to be superior in targeting specific SF9 cells compared to HepG2 cells and exhibited favorable biosafety. The biological activity and cytotoxicity of these products were evaluated, demonstrating their potential for protecting plants and fruits against B. cinerea.

过去五十年来,全球粮食生产对杀虫剂的严重依赖引发了人们对害虫控制效率和环境污染的担忧。因此,开发基于主客体相互作用的超分子药物载体,特别是环糊精,因其具有可预测和可调节的特性,在精准农业中大有可为。本研究设计并合成了一系列两亲性无规共聚物,其中包含亲水性丙烯酰胺和疏水性苯并三唑,通过共沉淀形成超分子包合物。共聚物和包合复合物具有 pH 响应特性,能够控制苯并三唑的释放,从而有针对性地控制导致灰霉病的破坏性植物病原菌 B. cinerea。据观察,与 HepG2 细胞相比,该复合物在靶向特定 SF9 细胞方面具有更强的抗菌活性,并表现出良好的生物安全性。对这些产品的生物活性和细胞毒性进行了评估,证明它们具有保护植物和水果免受灰霉病菌侵害的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Film Cross-Linking through VTES Copolymerization in Polymer Latex for Increasing Controlled-Release Performance of Film-Coated Fertilizer Granules 通过聚合物胶乳中的 VTES 共聚增强薄膜交联,提高包膜肥料颗粒的控释性能
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00085
Jiuren Xie, Shaolei Zhao, Rui Tan, Ling Yang and Ting-Jie Wang*, 

To increase the controlled-release performance of film-coated fertilizer granules using polymer latex as a coating reagent, increasing the cross-linking density of the film during spray coating is crucial. In this study, vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was incorporated into styrene-acrylate copolymer latex, with film cross-linking achieved by the condensation of silanol groups derived from the hydrolysis of VTES. VTES-copolymerized latex-coated urea granules were prepared by spray coating in a fluidized bed. The film cross-linking density and controlled-release performance were significantly increased. The structural characteristics of the film cross-linked network were theoretically calculated and analyzed. The cross-linked network with high cross-linking density had a smaller size of mesh structure, significantly reducing the free volume of the film and increasing the diffusion resistance of nutrients. The urea diffusion coefficient across the planar film decreased from 2.74 × 10–15 to 0.125 × 10–15 m2/s when the VTES copolymerized ratio reached 10%. At a low coating amount of 4 wt %, the release period of the film-coated urea granules increased to 32 days, surpassing that of the reference sample by over 300%.

为了提高使用聚合物胶乳作为包衣试剂的薄膜包衣肥料颗粒的控释性能,在喷涂过程中提高薄膜的交联密度至关重要。本研究将乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)加入苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物胶乳中,通过 VTES 水解产生的硅醇基团的缩合实现薄膜交联。VTES 共聚胶乳包覆尿素颗粒是在流化床中通过喷涂制备的。薄膜的交联密度和控释性能得到了显著提高。对薄膜交联网络的结构特征进行了理论计算和分析。高交联密度的交联网络具有较小的网状结构尺寸,大大降低了薄膜的自由体积,增加了营养物质的扩散阻力。当 VTES 共聚比例达到 10%时,尿素在平面薄膜上的扩散系数从 2.74 × 10-15 m2/s 降至 0.125 × 10-15 m2/s。在 4 wt % 的低包覆量下,薄膜包覆尿素颗粒的释放期延长至 32 天,比参考样品的释放期延长了 300% 以上。
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引用次数: 0
Infrared Imaging to Assess the Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Response to Fusarium Wilt in the Early Stages of Infection 用红外成像技术评估野生火箭草(Diplotaxis tenuifolia)在感染初期对镰刀菌枯萎病的反应
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00582
Massimo Rippa*, Andrea Pasqualini, Gelsomina Manganiello, Sheridan Lois Woo, Pasquale Mormile and Catello Pane, 

Wild rocket is a baby-leaf vegetable crop devoted to the high-convenience food chain for the preparation of ready-to-eat salads. Healthiness and ecological management of crops are the requirements increasingly demanded by the market. On the other hand, very intensive cultivations under greenhouse are prone to fungal soil-borne pathogen attacks, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani, the causal agent of wilting. Control strategies currently include chemical and nonchemical means, but the implementation of digital systems able to support detection of outbreaks and promote optimization of interventions may concur to increase efficacy of management strategies. Thermography, based on the recording and analysis of thermal energy emitted by plant canopy in the infrared spectral range, is a well-known imaging technique able to monitor plants at both proximal and remote scales providing information on incipient plant stresses. In this work, wild rocket plants subjected to artificial infection with pathogen conidia performed by a dipping or flooding method were monitored during the pathogenesis by both passive and active thermographic approaches. Canopy temperature changes were compared with symptom severity indices measured by visual inspection on both inoculated and control plants. As key result of this study, depending on the inoculum concentration, passive thermography allowed classifying infected plants 30–48 h post inoculation (hpi) by dipping, and in coherence with the disease symptoms detection by visual inspection. Similar results were found in the case of the flooding inoculation, where infected plants were detected by thermography at 48 h.p.i. Active thermography revealed a decrease in leaf heat capacity attributable to the fungal infection and the subsequent tissue colonization over time. These findings constitute a solid base of knowledge about the thermal imaging applied to wild rocket affected by Fusarium wilting, and they can contribute to the development of new remote sensing systems for the detection of primary outbreaks.

野生火箭菜是一种嫩叶蔬菜作物,专门用于制作即食沙拉的高便利食品链。市场对作物的健康和生态管理要求越来越高。另一方面,大棚内的密集栽培很容易受到土传真菌病原体的侵袭,例如枯萎病的病原体 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani。目前的控制策略包括化学和非化学手段,但实施能够支持检测疫情和促进优化干预措施的数字系统,可能会提高管理策略的效率。热成像技术基于对植物冠层在红外光谱范围内发出的热能的记录和分析,是一种著名的成像技术,能够在近距离和远距离监测植物,提供有关植物初期压力的信息。在这项工作中,通过被动和主动热成像方法,对采用浸渍或浸水方法人工感染病原体分生孢子的野生火箭草进行了病原发生过程的监测。将冠层温度变化与接种植株和对照植株通过目测测量的症状严重程度指数进行了比较。这项研究的主要结果是,根据接种物浓度的不同,被动热成像技术可在浸渍接种后 30-48 小时对受感染的植物进行分类,并与目测发现的病害症状保持一致。主动热成像显示,随着时间的推移,真菌感染和随后的组织定殖导致叶片热容量下降。这些发现为应用于受枯萎镰刀菌影响的野生火箭的热成像技术奠定了坚实的知识基础,并有助于开发新的遥感系统来检测原发性疫情。
{"title":"Infrared Imaging to Assess the Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Response to Fusarium Wilt in the Early Stages of Infection","authors":"Massimo Rippa*,&nbsp;Andrea Pasqualini,&nbsp;Gelsomina Manganiello,&nbsp;Sheridan Lois Woo,&nbsp;Pasquale Mormile and Catello Pane,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00582","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00582","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wild rocket is a baby-leaf vegetable crop devoted to the high-convenience food chain for the preparation of ready-to-eat salads. Healthiness and ecological management of crops are the requirements increasingly demanded by the market. On the other hand, very intensive cultivations under greenhouse are prone to fungal soil-borne pathogen attacks, such as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> <i>f. sp.</i> <i>raphani</i>, the causal agent of wilting. Control strategies currently include chemical and nonchemical means, but the implementation of digital systems able to support detection of outbreaks and promote optimization of interventions may concur to increase efficacy of management strategies. Thermography, based on the recording and analysis of thermal energy emitted by plant canopy in the infrared spectral range, is a well-known imaging technique able to monitor plants at both proximal and remote scales providing information on incipient plant stresses. In this work, wild rocket plants subjected to artificial infection with pathogen conidia performed by a dipping or flooding method were monitored during the pathogenesis by both passive and active thermographic approaches. Canopy temperature changes were compared with symptom severity indices measured by visual inspection on both inoculated and control plants. As key result of this study, depending on the inoculum concentration, passive thermography allowed classifying infected plants 30–48 h post inoculation (hpi) by dipping, and in coherence with the disease symptoms detection by visual inspection. Similar results were found in the case of the flooding inoculation, where infected plants were detected by thermography at 48 h.p.i. Active thermography revealed a decrease in leaf heat capacity attributable to the fungal infection and the subsequent tissue colonization over time. These findings constitute a solid base of knowledge about the thermal imaging applied to wild rocket affected by Fusarium wilting, and they can contribute to the development of new remote sensing systems for the detection of primary outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 5","pages":"544–553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparation and Properties of Fomesafen@SiO2-Starch Microspheres for Herbicide-Controlled Release 用于除草剂控释的福美沙芬@SiO2-淀粉微球的制备及其特性
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00094
Leiyu Yang, Yifan Luo, Yapeng Chen, Sanyan Wang, Huashan Wang and Meiyi Wang*, 

Fomesafen serves as a widely employed selective herbicide for addressing broadleaf weeds, but the short duration of efficacy limits utilization efficiency. There exists an exigent requirement to extend its efficacy through controlled release mechanisms. Fomesafen@SiO2-starch microspheres with α-amylase responsiveness were synthesized through the direct binding of drug-loaded silica microspheres and modified starch. This fabrication method capitalizes on the enzymatic degradation potential of the outer starch layer by amylase. In contrast with earlier analogous structures that exhibited inferior drug loading efficacy, the prepared fomesafen@SiO2-starch microspheres demonstrated a significantly enhanced drug loading capacity of up to 35.7%. Furthermore, in comparison to fomesafen technical, the prepared fomesafen@SiO2-starch microspheres exhibited a notable capacity to mitigate the photolysis of fomesafen through the utilization of the starch outer layer. Additionally, the fomesafen@SiO2-starch microspheres demonstrated favorable wettability and adhesive properties. At the recommended dosage, the herbicidal efficacy of fomesafen@SiO2-starch microspheres against Brassica napus L. and Portulaca oleracea L. over 14 days was observed to be comparable to that of the fomesafen technical, concurrently exhibiting a degree of sustained release. These findings underscore the potential of microspheres in regulating the release of fomesafen, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the development of sustainable drug delivery systems in agriculture.

福美双是一种广泛使用的选择性除草剂,可用于防治阔叶杂草,但药效持续时间短,限制了使用效率。因此,迫切需要通过控释机制来延长其药效。通过将载药二氧化硅微球与改性淀粉直接结合,合成了具有α-淀粉酶响应性的Fomesafen@SiO2-淀粉微球。这种制造方法利用了淀粉酶对淀粉外层的酶降解潜力。与早期表现出较低药物负载功效的类似结构相比,所制备的福美沙芬@SiO2-淀粉微球的药物负载能力显著提高,最高可达35.7%。此外,与福美沙芬技术相比,所制备的福美沙芬@SiO2-淀粉微球通过利用淀粉外层,在缓解福美沙芬的光解方面表现出明显的能力。此外,fomesafen@SiO2-淀粉微球还表现出良好的润湿性和粘合性。在推荐剂量下,14 天内观察到 fomesafen@SiO2 淀粉微球对甘蓝和马齿苋的除草效果与 fomesafen 技术剂相当,同时还表现出一定程度的持续释放。这些发现凸显了微球在调节福美沙芬释放方面的潜力,从而为在农业领域开发可持续给药系统提供了一条前景广阔的途径。
{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Fomesafen@SiO2-Starch Microspheres for Herbicide-Controlled Release","authors":"Leiyu Yang,&nbsp;Yifan Luo,&nbsp;Yapeng Chen,&nbsp;Sanyan Wang,&nbsp;Huashan Wang and Meiyi Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00094","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00094","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fomesafen serves as a widely employed selective herbicide for addressing broadleaf weeds, but the short duration of efficacy limits utilization efficiency. There exists an exigent requirement to extend its efficacy through controlled release mechanisms. Fomesafen@SiO<sub>2</sub>-starch microspheres with α-amylase responsiveness were synthesized through the direct binding of drug-loaded silica microspheres and modified starch. This fabrication method capitalizes on the enzymatic degradation potential of the outer starch layer by amylase. In contrast with earlier analogous structures that exhibited inferior drug loading efficacy, the prepared fomesafen@SiO<sub>2</sub>-starch microspheres demonstrated a significantly enhanced drug loading capacity of up to 35.7%. Furthermore, in comparison to fomesafen technical, the prepared fomesafen@SiO<sub>2</sub>-starch microspheres exhibited a notable capacity to mitigate the photolysis of fomesafen through the utilization of the starch outer layer. Additionally, the fomesafen@SiO<sub>2</sub>-starch microspheres demonstrated favorable wettability and adhesive properties. At the recommended dosage, the herbicidal efficacy of fomesafen@SiO<sub>2</sub>-starch microspheres against <i>Brassica napus L.</i> and <i>Portulaca oleracea L.</i> over 14 days was observed to be comparable to that of the fomesafen technical, concurrently exhibiting a degree of sustained release. These findings underscore the potential of microspheres in regulating the release of fomesafen, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the development of sustainable drug delivery systems in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 5","pages":"603–613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chitosan-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Suppression of Fusarium virguliforme in Soybeans (Glycine max) 壳聚糖包覆介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子用于抑制大豆(Glycine max)中的镰孢菌
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00025
Tana L. O’Keefe, Chaoyi Deng, Yi Wang, Sharmaka Mohamud, Andres Torres-Gómez, Beza Tuga, Cheng-Hsin Huang, Wilanyi R. Alvarez Reyes, Jason C. White and Christy L. Haynes*, 

There is a need to develop new and sustainable agricultural technologies to help provide global food security, and nanoscale materials show promising results in this area. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CTS-MSNs) were synthesized and applied to soybeans (Glycine max) by two different strategies in greenhouse and field studies to study the role of dissolved silicic acid and chitosan in enhancing plant growth and suppressing disease damage caused by Fusarium virguliforme. Plant growth and health were assessed by measuring the soybean biomass and chlorophyll content in both healthy and Fusarium-infected plants at harvest. In the greenhouse study, foliar and seed applications with 250 mg/L nanoparticle treatments were compared. A single seed treatment of MSNs reduced disease severity by 30% and increased chlorophyll content in both healthy and infected plants by 12%. Based on greenhouse results, seed application was used in the follow-up field study and MSNs and CTS-MSNs reduced disease progression by 12 and 15%, respectively. A significant 32% increase was observed for chlorophyll content for plants treated with CTS-MSNs. Perhaps most importantly, nanoscale silica seed treatment significantly increased (23–68%) the micronutrient (Zn, Mn, Mg, K, B) content of soybean pods, suggesting a potential sustainable strategy for nano-enabled biofortification to address nutrition insecurity. Overall, these findings indicate that MSN and CTS-MSN seed treatments in soybeans enable disease suppression and increase plant health as part of a nano-enabled strategy for sustainable agriculture.

有必要开发新的可持续农业技术来帮助保障全球粮食安全,而纳米材料在这一领域显示出了良好的前景。本研究合成了介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MSNs)和壳聚糖包覆介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒(CTS-MSNs),并在温室和田间研究中通过两种不同的策略将其应用于大豆(Glycine max),以研究溶解硅酸和壳聚糖在促进植物生长和抑制镰刀菌(Fusarium virguliforme)引起的病害中的作用。通过测量健康植株和镰刀菌感染植株收获时的大豆生物量和叶绿素含量来评估植株的生长和健康状况。在温室研究中,对叶面喷施和种子喷施 250 mg/L 纳米粒子进行了比较。单一的 MSNs 种子处理可使病害严重程度降低 30%,健康植株和受感染植株的叶绿素含量均增加 12%。根据温室结果,在后续的田间研究中使用了种子处理,MSNs 和 CTS-MSNs 分别减少了 12% 和 15% 的病害发展。经 CTS-MSNs 处理的植物叶绿素含量大幅提高了 32%。也许最重要的是,纳米级二氧化硅种子处理大大提高了大豆豆荚中微量营养元素(锌、锰、镁、钾、硼)的含量(23-68%),这表明纳米生物强化技术具有解决营养不安全问题的潜在可持续战略。总之,这些研究结果表明,大豆中的 MSN 和 CTS-MSN 种子处理剂可抑制疾病,提高植物健康水平,是纳米可持续农业战略的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Pyrazinamide and Pyrazinoic Acid Analogues for Control of Key Weeds in Multiple Crops 评估吡嗪酰胺和吡嗪酸类似物在多种作物中防治主要杂草的效果
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00049
Gregory R. Armel*, James T. Brosnan, Nilda R. Burgos, Peter J. Porpiglia and Jose J. Vargas, 

Numerous similarities exist between the structure–activity relationships of pharmaceutical drugs and pesticides, creating the potential for finding new crop management tools with novel mechanisms of action. Analogues of pyrazinamide and its active metabolite pyrazinoic acid were evaluated on a variety of monocot and dicot species to assess their potential as commercial herbicides. Six analogues, applied postemergence at 3 kg ai/ha, controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) ≥ the commercial standards bentazon or imazethapyr. The compound 5-fluoropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid provided between 71 and 95% control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and yellow nutsedge with only modest injury (8–25%) to soybean (Glycine max). A similar compound containing a bromine atom in the 5-position controlled yellow nutsedge greater than bentazon and affected soybean, sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa), and rice (Oryza sativa) in a similar fashion to bentazon as well. The herbicidal sites of action targeted by these analogues of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid are unknown, but it is hypothesized that they may be disrupting targets in the biosynthesis pathways of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and/or ethylene.

药物和农药的结构-活性关系之间存在许多相似之处,这为寻找具有新作用机制的新型作物管理工具提供了可能。我们在多种单子叶和双子叶植物上对吡嗪酰胺及其活性代谢产物吡嗪酸的类似物进行了评估,以评估它们作为商业除草剂的潜力。六种类似物在苗后施用 3 kg ai/ha,对黄坚果穗轴草(Cyperus esculentus)的控制效果≥商业标准苯达松或咪草烟。5-fluoropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 化合物对稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)和黄莎草的控制率在 71% 到 95% 之间,对大豆(Glycine max)的伤害很小(8%-25%)。一种在 5 位含有一个溴原子的类似化合物对黄刺玫的控制效果优于苯达松,对大豆、甜玉米(Zea mays convar.吡嗪酰胺和吡嗪酸类似物的除草作用靶点尚不清楚,但据推测,它们可能会破坏烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)和/或乙烯的生物合成途径中的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Breeding for Global Food Security 植物生物技术和分子育种促进全球粮食安全
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00187
Xiangyuan Wan*, Suowei Wu, Xun Wei and Laura L. McConnell, 
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Biochar-Enriched Substrates on Safety and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as Relevant Model Crop 评估可持续生物炭富集基质对作为相关示范作物的番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)的安全性和质量的影响
IF 2.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00589
Lorenzo Bini, Lapo Renai, Michelangelo Fichera, William Antonio Petrucci, Anna Lenzi, Stefano Biricolti, Edgardo Giordani, Luca Rivoira, Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti, Dariusz Piesik and Massimo Del Bubba, 

Forestry-waste biochar was tested as a commercial substrate (peat:lapillus 1:1 v/v) amendment in growing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Substrates were 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% (% v/v) biochar-enriched and were characterized for their textural and physicochemical properties. After harvesting, tomato production (i.e., plant and fruits), quality (e.g., nutrition and nutraceutics), and safety (i.e., biochar-related pollutants) were assessed according to the different growing media. 10-to-40% biochar-enriched substrates only exceeded the pH threshold set by L.D. 75/2010. Ni and Mn exhibited a similar trend between substrates and fruits, while Cr, Pb, and Cd were absent. Plant biomass increased (up to 11–29%) according to biochar content, which conversely diminished fruit production (∼25–60% reduction). Only acenaphthene exhibited an increasing profile (11–12 μg kg–1) according to the treatments, nevertheless complying with the European regulations. PLS-DA confirmed practice suitability by substrate–crop correlation, providing prediction models for quality and safety assessment.

在番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)的生长过程中,测试了将林业废弃物生物炭作为商业基质(泥炭:青霉 1:1 v/v)改良剂的效果。基质的生物炭含量分别为 0%(对照)、5%、10%、20% 和 40%(% v/v),并对其质地和理化特性进行了表征。收获后,根据不同的生长介质对番茄的产量(即植株和果实)、质量(如营养和营养学)和安全性(即与生物炭相关的污染物)进行了评估。富含 10% 至 40% 生物炭的基质仅超过了 L.D. 75/2010 规定的 pH 值阈值。基质和果实中的镍和锰呈现出相似的趋势,而没有铬、铅和镉。植物生物量随生物炭含量的增加而增加(高达 11-29%),相反,果实产量却减少(减少 25-60%)。根据不同的处理方法,只有苊的含量呈上升趋势(11-12 μg kg-1),但仍符合欧洲的规定。PLS-DA 通过基质与作物的相关性确认了实践的适用性,为质量和安全评估提供了预测模型。
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引用次数: 0
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ACS agricultural science & technology
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