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Assessing occupational pesticide exposure in Latin America and the Caribbean: Methods review for agricultural vulnerability reduction. 评估拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的职业杀虫剂接触情况:降低农业脆弱性的方法审查。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2352033
Melisa Florencia Romero Asís, Mariana Andrea Eandi, María Osley Duque Garzón, Nicole Builes, Camila Arias Gonzalez, Mariana Butinof

B A rapid review was conducted to describe pesticide exposure assessment methodologies in Agricultural Work Contexts (AWC)s in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), in order to provide elements to reduce vulnerabilities within the agricultural population. A final number of 79 articles were selected from Medline via Pubmed, LILACS, and SciELO. In the region, family agriculture is the predominant form of agricultural production (72%) in informal agricultural work contexts (AWCs), which are characterized by small-scale diversified agricultural production, lower educational attainment, limited income, and a lack of social and healthcare security for the families. Indirect exposure assessment methods were the most commonly reported (58%), and its use was associated with informal AWCs (p = 0.011). Understanding AWCs and employing appropriate assessment methods can contribute to addressing vulnerabilities in the agricultural sector.

B 为描述拉丁美洲和加勒比地区(LAC)农业工作环境(AWC)中的杀虫剂暴露评估方法,我们进行了一次快速综述,以便为降低农业人口的脆弱性提供要素。最终从 Medline via Pubmed、LILACS 和 SciELO 中选取了 79 篇文章。在该地区,家庭农业是非正规农业工作环境(AWCs)中最主要的农业生产形式(72%),其特点是小规模多样化农业生产、教育程度较低、收入有限以及家庭缺乏社会和医疗保障。间接暴露评估方法是最常见的报告方法(58%),其使用与非正规农业工作环境有关(p = 0.011)。了解 AWCs 并采用适当的评估方法有助于解决农业部门的脆弱性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived advantages and drawbacks of teleworking during the economic crisis and COVID-19: A cross-sectional study among university degree holders. 经济危机和 COVID-19 期间远程工作的优势和弊端:一项针对大学学位持有者的横截面研究。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2366815
Chadia Haddad, Maha Zakhour, Hala Sacre, Joanne Karam, Sami El Khatib, Marwan Akel, Pascale Salameh

This study aimed to identify the perceived advantages and drawbacks of teleworking and their correlates, including health problems, among Lebanese workers holding a university degree. A web-based cross-sectional self-report questionnaire created on Google Forms was used to survey 230 participants through snowball sampling between October 2022 and March 2023. The majority of respondents recognized both the advantages (67.03%) and drawbacks (66.34%) associated with teleworking, suggesting mixed feelings toward this format. Despite the limited satisfaction with teleworking, respondents acknowledged the advantages associated with remote working; in particular, younger, less physically active, and more educated participants valued teleworking more than their counterparts. The mean perception of advantages and drawbacks of telework did not significantly change with participants' work status (hybrid, online, and in-person). The study revealed a high prevalence of consistent sleeping difficulty (35.7%), limited regular physical activity (60.4%), work-related musculoskeletal disorders (48.7%), back pain (5.7%), and visual disorders (48%) among Lebanese workers. Despite the limited satisfaction with teleworking, respondents acknowledged advantages such as cost and time savings. Older workers showed a preference against teleworking, potentially due to its impact on well-being. Factors such as education, career satisfaction, and prior teleworking experience influenced individuals' perceptions of telework benefits.

本研究旨在确定拥有大学学位的黎巴嫩工人对远程工作的利弊及其相关性,包括健康问题。在 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 3 月期间,通过滚雪球式抽样,对 230 名参与者进行了调查。大多数受访者都认识到了远程办公的优点(67.03%)和缺点(66.34%),这表明他们对这种工作形式褒贬不一。尽管受访者对远程办公的满意度有限,但他们也承认远程办公的优势,尤其是年轻、体力活动较少和受教育程度较高的受访者比其他受访者更重视远程办公。对远程工作优点和缺点的平均看法并没有随着参与者的工作状态(混合、在线和面对面)发生显著变化。研究显示,在黎巴嫩工人中,经常性睡眠困难(35.7%)、经常性体力活动受限(60.4%)、与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病(48.7%)、背痛(5.7%)和视力障碍(48%)的发生率很高。尽管受访者对远程工作的满意度有限,但他们承认远程工作具有节约成本和时间等优点。年龄较大的工人表示不喜欢远程工作,这可能是由于远程工作会影响他们的健康。教育、职业满意度和以前的远程工作经验等因素影响了个人对远程工作益处的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on low back pain in computer using working adults. COVID-19封锁对使用电脑的成年人腰痛的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2025.2451910
Ilma Tareen, Deepika Singla, Sachin Gupta

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for computer-users to work-from-home (WFH) has increased world-wide. This study aims to explore how the COVID-19 lockdown has affected pain in the lower-back of adult computer professionals. Individuals aged 20-55, both male and female, meeting inclusion criteria (computer/laptop WFH, worked more than an hour on a computer/laptop) were invited to participate voluntarily after providing informed consent. A Google Forms survey was distributed, including self-reported demographic questions, work hours on a computer/laptop during-lockdown, and Oswestry-Low-Back-Disability-Questionnaire (OLBDQ) to assess low-back-pain (LBP) pre- and during-lockdown. The mean OLBDQ score, pre-lockdown 3.681 with 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.621, 4.741] and during-lockdown 4.893 with 95% CI [3.317, 6.470]. A relevant difference was identified among the working hours' scores from the pre-lockdown and during-lockdown of the OLBDQ for low back pain. The obtained p-value in this context is 0.005, signifying that the observed negative difference is statistically significant for the study. WFH increases LBP of working females and males during the COVID-19 lockdown, poor ergonomics at home is one possible source. Therefore, it is essential to enhance awareness among employed individuals regarding proper ergonomic practices when using a computer both at home and in the workplace.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,全球范围内对计算机用户在家工作的需求有所增加。这项研究旨在探讨COVID-19封锁如何影响成年计算机专业人员的下背部疼痛。年龄在20-55岁的男性和女性,符合纳入标准(电脑/笔记本电脑WFH,在电脑/笔记本电脑上工作超过一个小时),在提供知情同意后被邀请自愿参与。分发了谷歌表格调查,包括自我报告的人口统计问题、封锁期间使用电脑/笔记本电脑的工作时间,以及用于评估封锁前和封锁期间腰痛(LBP)的oswestry -腰痛问卷(OLBDQ)。平均OLBDQ评分,封城前为3.681,95%可信区间(CI)[2.621, 4.741],封城期间为4.893,95%可信区间[3.317,6.470]。在锁定前和锁定期间的OLBDQ中,腰痛的工作时间得分存在相关差异。在这种情况下得到的p值为0.005,表明观察到的负差异在研究中具有统计学意义。在COVID-19封锁期间,WFH增加了工作女性和男性的LBP,家中糟糕的人体工程学是一个可能的原因。因此,无论在家里还是在工作场所使用电脑时,提高雇员对正确的人体工程学实践的认识是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between night shift work, sleep patterns, psychological well-being, and mental health among Jordanian healthcare workers. 约旦医护人员夜班工作、睡眠模式、心理健康和精神健康之间的关系。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2379826
Hanen Batat, Ansam Zakaria Baniamer, Abdalrhman Mohammad Hamasha, Abdelrahman Mu'awiyah Abu Sahyoun, Jehad Feras AlSamhori, Mohammad Zahir Alsharqwi, Mohammad Jamal Al-Aqtash, Mohammad Khalil Al-Qurneh, Anas Husam Khalifeh

This study examines the associations between working night shifts and various outcomes, including sleep patterns, healthcare workers' sleep quality, and physical, mental, and social well-being. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, where the findings revealed that night shift healthcare workers experienced poor sleep quality and pattern. In addition, night shift healthcare workers were more likely to express their intent to leave, the impact of work on their social lives, and a low level of job satisfaction. Healthcare workers showed moderate anxiety and mild depression levels. Lower job satisfaction correlated with higher anxiety and depression levels among healthcare workers, while the negative impact of working hours on social life was associated with increased anxiety and depression. Organizations should consider establishing comprehensive wellness initiatives covering work-life balance, stress management strategies, and mental health resources.

本研究探讨了夜班工作与各种结果之间的关联,包括睡眠模式、医护人员的睡眠质量以及身体、精神和社会福祉。研究进行了一项描述性横截面研究,结果显示,夜班医护人员的睡眠质量和睡眠模式较差。此外,夜班医护人员更容易表达离职意向、工作对社交生活的影响以及工作满意度较低。医护人员表现出中度焦虑和轻度抑郁。较低的工作满意度与医护人员较高的焦虑和抑郁水平相关,而工作时间对社交生活的负面影响则与焦虑和抑郁的增加相关。各组织应考虑制定全面的健康计划,涵盖工作与生活的平衡、压力管理策略和心理健康资源。
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引用次数: 0
Factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders in commercial motorcyclists. 商用摩托车驾驶员与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的相关因素。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2342349
Kuan-Han Lin, Nadia Sylvano, Nandhini Selvanayagam, Kuan-Yin Lin

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and to investigate factors associated with WMSDs in commercial motorcyclists in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved commercial motorcyclists operating in Indonesia. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire, including the Indonesian Version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, occupational driving posture questionnaire, and occupational factor-related questions. The questionnaire was distributed at four rest stops located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The result showed that 40% of participants (129/322) were having WMSDs. Older age, overweight body mass index (BMI), obese body mass index, nonregular physical activity, driving duration (> 8 h/day), seniority (≥5 years), and poor driving posture were significant risk factors for WMSDs in commercial motorcyclists. Based on the risk factors identified in this study, the development of preventive strategies among commercial motorcyclists is warranted.

本研究旨在探讨印度尼西亚商业摩托车驾驶员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病(WMSDs)的发病率,并调查与WMSDs相关的因素。这项横断面研究涉及在印度尼西亚工作的商用摩托车手。研究使用匿名问卷收集数据,其中包括印尼版北欧肌肉骨骼问卷、职业驾驶姿势问卷以及与职业因素相关的问题。问卷在印度尼西亚雅加达市中心的四个休息站发放。结果显示,40%的参与者(129/322)患有 WMSDs。年龄较大、体重指数(BMI)超重、体重指数肥胖、无规律运动、驾驶时间(> 8 小时/天)、年资(≥ 5 年)和驾驶姿势不良是商用摩托车驾驶员发生 WMSDs 的重要风险因素。基于本研究发现的风险因素,有必要为商用摩托车驾驶员制定预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of chlorpyrifos exposure on lung function in Egyptian adolescent agriculture workers. 接触毒死蜱对埃及青少年农业工人肺功能的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2374582
Ernesto E Mendez, Jonathan Davis, Matthew R Bonner, Gaafar M Abdel Rasoul, Ahmed A Ismail, Olfat M Hendy, James R Olson, Diane S Rohlman

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide that has been linked to detrimental health effects that range from neurological impacts to respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to assess respiratory symptoms associated with CPF exposure throughout the application season. Urine samples were collected from Egyptian adolescent applicators (n = 206) and non-applicators (n = 72) to assess 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a biomarker for CPF exposure, along with spirometry measures to determine lung ventilatory function. Samples were collected over 7 months in 2016. Logistic regression was used to model the odds of reporting wheeze symptoms based on urinary TCPy concentrations while controlling for age and smoking in the household. Ordinal multinomial logistic regression was used to model the percent reference for forced expiratory volume in one second (rFEV1) based on urinary TCPy concentration (µg/g creatinine). Wheezing increased with increasing pesticide exposure (OR = 1.74 (1.32 - 2.31)). There was no statistically significant relationship between rFEV1 and TCPy concentration. Efforts to reduce pesticide exposure should be implemented to prevent the potential onset or exacerbation of any linked respiratory complications in adolescents.

毒死蜱(CPF)是一种广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂,与有害健康的影响有关,包括神经系统影响和呼吸系统疾病。本研究的目的是评估与整个施用季节接触毒死蜱有关的呼吸道症状。研究人员收集了埃及青少年施药者(n = 206)和非施药者(n = 72)的尿液样本,以评估 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇 (TCPy)(一种暴露于氯化石蜡的生物标志物),并采用肺活量测定法确定肺通气功能。样本收集时间为 2016 年的 7 个月。在控制家庭中的年龄和吸烟情况的同时,采用逻辑回归法根据尿液中的 TCPy 浓度建立报告喘息症状的几率模型。根据尿液中 TCPy 的浓度(µg/g 肌酐),采用序数多项式逻辑回归建立一秒钟用力呼气容积 (rFEV1) 百分比参考模型。随着农药接触量的增加,喘息也随之增加(OR = 1.74 (1.32 - 2.31))。rFEV1 与 TCPy 浓度之间没有明显的统计学关系。应努力减少农药接触,以防止青少年呼吸系统并发症的发生或加重。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-environmental factors impact breathing zone exposures: A simulated petrochemical manufacturing facility task. 微环境因素对呼吸区暴露的影响:模拟石化生产设施任务。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2328523
Mohamed Eturki, Kermit G Davis, Melissa Vincent, Susan F Arnold, Andrew Maier

This study investigates the impact of micro-environmental factors on worker breathing zone exposure levels in petrochemical facilities. A laboratory simulation study evaluated near-field exposure to methane for a typical maintenance task. Individual and combinations of micro-environmental factors significantly affected methane exposure. Airflow direction and speed were significant determinants of exposure concentration reduction. A side airflow direction at medium to high speed produced the lowest gas concentration in the breathing zone. Worker body orientation relative to the methane emission point was also a critical factor affecting gas concentration in the worker's breathing zone. The study provides insights into how variations in airflow and small changes in position impact near-field exposures for petrochemical tasks, guiding industrial hygiene professionals' training on qualitative exposure estimation and providing input for near-field exposure modeling to guide quantitative exposure and risk assessment.

本研究调查了微环境因素对石化设施中工人呼吸区暴露水平的影响。一项实验室模拟研究评估了典型维护任务中甲烷的近场暴露。微环境因素的个体和组合对甲烷暴露有显著影响。气流方向和速度是降低接触浓度的重要决定因素。中高速的侧气流方向在呼吸区产生的气体浓度最低。工人身体相对于甲烷排放点的方向也是影响工人呼吸区气体浓度的关键因素。这项研究深入探讨了气流变化和位置的微小变化如何影响石油化工工作的近场暴露,为工业卫生专业人员的定性暴露估计培训提供了指导,并为近场暴露建模提供了信息,从而为定量暴露和风险评估提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Job demands, control, social support and mental health in workers of thermal power plants and underground mines: A comparative study. 火力发电厂和地下矿井工人的工作要求、控制、社会支持和心理健康:一项比较研究。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2410950
Ayşe Şentürk, Ayşe Kuzu Durmaz

This descriptive study was conducted to compare the job demands, job control, social support and mental health status of thermal power plant and underground coal mine workers. 158 workers in thermal power plant and 162 workers in underground coal mine participated in the study. The results unearthed that thermal power plant workers had 2.3 times better mental health (p < 0.001 OR = 2.3 CI = 1.50-3.74) and 3.0 times lower job demands (p < 0.001 OR = 3.0 CI = 1.91-4.92) than coal mine workers. In the study, it was determined that mental health was positively affected as job control and social support increased in both thermal power plant and underground mine workers (p < 0.05); there was no significant relationship between job demands and mental health (p > 0.05). These results indicate that underground mine workers are at higher risk in terms of mental health and job demands than thermal power plant workers.

这项描述性研究旨在比较火力发电厂工人和煤矿井下工人的工作要求、工作控制、社会支持和心理健康状况。158 名火电厂工人和 162 名煤矿井下工人参加了研究。结果发现,火电厂工人的心理健康状况比煤矿井下工人好 2.3 倍(p p p > 0.05)。这些结果表明,与火电厂工人相比,煤矿井下工人在心理健康和工作要求方面的风险更高。
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引用次数: 0
Selenium modulates bisphenol A-induced intestinal apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy in rats: A biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical study.
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2025.2455098
Ola Mohammed Youssef, Nehal I A Goda, Mona A Hassan, Nora Elshehawy Helal

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a hazardous endocrine disruptor released into the environment during the production of certain plastics used for covering of food and beverage cans. In this work, we examined the protective benefits of selenium (Se) against intestinal damage induced by BPA in male rats. Rats were distributed randomly into four groups. The first group received corn oil and served as the control. The second group was administered Se (1 mg/kg body weight; BW). The third group was given oral BPA (50 mg/kg BW). In the fourth group, Se (1 mg/kg BW) and BPA (50 mg/kg BW) were administered simultaneously. This experiment lasted for eight weeks. Specimens from the large intestine were subjected to biochemical analysis of antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers, histological observation under light and transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to autophagy and apoptosis markers. The BPA-exposed group showed significantly elevated oxidative stress markers associated with significant decline of antioxidants in intestinal tissues. BPA resulted in histological alterations such as severe mucosal necrosis with massive inflammatory cell infiltration. Ultra-structurally, the same group showed severe loss of the cell organelles, shrunken nuclei, and abundant autophagosomes. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated a strong reactivity of caspase-3 and LC3 in the BPA group in contrast to the reaction to p62, which was markedly diminished. These effects were mitigated in the BPA+Se group. We concluded that BPA's harmful effects on the large intestine are caused by apoptosis and autophagy. Se may protect intestinal cells from these effects and could be a useful and trustworthy approach for reducing BPA toxicity.

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引用次数: 0
Psychological well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19: Relationship with risk perception and fear in the context of health belief model. 医护人员在 COVID-19 期间的心理健康:健康信念模式下风险认知和恐惧的关系。
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2303995
Cavit I Yavuz, M İrem Yildiz, Özge Y Sari, Aysenur B Uçgun, Kerim Hakan Altintas

This study aimed to evaluate the extent of fear and risk perception related to COVID-19 and their impact on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. Data were gathered through an online survey, incorporating questions about risk perception utilizing the health belief model, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-12. A total of 364 HCWs participated in the survey, with 94% of participants identified as being in the high-risk category for mental disorders based on their General Health Questionnaire scores. The assessment of COVID-19-related risk perception within the Health Belief Model demonstrated significant correlations between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy with both the fear scale and General Health Questionnaire scores. Linear regression was employed to identify factors influencing General Health Questionnaire scores, revealing that risk perception, Fear of COVID-19 scores, marital status, and perceived health were significantly associated with General Health Questionnaire scores. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the psychological well-being of healthcare workers throughout all stages of pandemic preparedness and response.

本研究旨在评估与 COVID-19 相关的恐惧和风险认知程度及其对医护人员心理健康的影响。数据通过在线调查收集,其中包括利用健康信念模型、COVID-19 恐惧量表和一般健康问卷-12 提出的有关风险认知的问题。共有 364 名医护人员参与了调查,根据他们的一般健康问卷得分,94% 的参与者被确定为精神障碍高危人群。在健康信念模型中对 COVID-19 相关风险认知的评估表明,感知易感性、感知严重性、感知障碍和自我效能与恐惧量表和一般健康问卷得分之间存在显著相关性。线性回归用于确定影响一般健康问卷得分的因素,结果显示,风险认知、对 COVID-19 的恐惧得分、婚姻状况和健康感知与一般健康问卷得分有显著相关性。这些发现强调了在大流行病防备和应对的各个阶段监测医护人员心理健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of environmental & occupational health
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