Cancer pathogenesis and therapy最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing lung cancer progression","authors":"Md. Shalahuddin Millat ,&nbsp;Md. Mahmudul Hasan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sarowar Uddin ,&nbsp;Md. Abdus Salam ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Aziz ,&nbsp;Irin Akhter ,&nbsp;Md. Saddam Hussain ,&nbsp;Nor Mohammad ,&nbsp;Farjana Afrin Tanjum ,&nbsp;Md. Saqline Mostaq ,&nbsp;Md. Ashiq Mahmud ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nurul Amin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Safiqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression, affecting processes such as angiogenesis, antiapoptotic pathways, and DNA adduct formation. Cytokines are small proteins that can accelerate or slow tumor growth by controlling associated signaling processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. This review reveals the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and interleukins in LC. Macrophages play a role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis. A nested case–control study revealed that elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were strongly associated with the risk of LC. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for IL-6 and IL-8 in former smokers (fourth quartile <em>vs.</em> first quartile) was 2.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–4.70) and 2.83 (95% CI, 1.18–6.75), respectively. Because C-reactive protein levels are elevated in patients with NSCLC with larger and higher-grade tumors, CRP has been identified as a systemic indicator of chronic inflammation. Insulin-like growth factors influence cellular signal transduction pathways and contribute to tumorigenesis. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have been explored for their role in NSCLC prognosis, highlighting their association with chromogranin. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7), urokinase plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinases, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been identified with a focus on their expression patterns and prognostic significance in LC tissues. Moreover, lung angiogenesis induces vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, myeloperoxidase, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions. In conclusion, this review thoroughly summarized the inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing LC, providing the basis for further research on potential treatment approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 484-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced cytomegalovirus reactivation and viremia without increasing GVHD after URD-PBSCT: A prospective study using targeted ATG dosing strategy","authors":"Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Songhua Luan ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang ,&nbsp;Jishan Du ,&nbsp;Dongxue Ge ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Yongli Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenyang Gu ,&nbsp;Liping Dou ,&nbsp;Daihong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is widely used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to prevent severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft failure. Insufficient ATG exposure may reduce its effectiveness in GVHD prophylaxis, while excessive exposure can elevate the risk of viral reactivation, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and disease relapse. Based on monitoring ATG (Thymoglobulin, Sanofi, Lyon, France) concentrations, we developed an ATG-targeted dosing strategy and conducted a prospective, single-arm study on patients undergoing unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (URD-PBSCT) to evaluate its efficacy and safety.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We enrolled 30 patients with malignant hematological diseases who underwent URD-PBSCT between January 2020 and June 2023. All patients received an ATG-targeted dosing strategy, involving a 4-day administration of ATG: 1.5 mg/kg on day −5, 2.5 mg/kg on day −4, with dose adjustments on day −3 and day −2 to achieve an optimal area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) for active ATG. Engraftment, viral infections, acute and chronic GVHD, relapse, and survival outcomes were statistically analyzed. A historical cohort of 38 patients who underwent URD-PBSCT between December 2014 and December 2020 was used for comparison. Patients in the historical cohort received a fixed total dose of 10 mg/kg ATG from day −5 to day −2.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;All patients in the targeted dosing cohort achieved successful neutrophil and platelet engraftment with 100% donor chimerism. The cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and persistent CMV viremia at 180 days post-transplantation was 30.0% and 16.7%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and persistent EBV viremia at 180 days were 46.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of grades II–IV and III–IV acute GVHD at 100 days were 49.4% and 9.3%, respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 10.0%, the 1-year NRM was 10.0%, the 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 80.0%, and the 1-year overall survival (OS) was 86.7%. Compared with the historical cohort, the targeted dosing cohort showed significantly lower the cumulative incidences of CMV reactivation (30.0% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 78.9%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) and persistent CMV viremia (16.7% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 42.1%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.026) on day 180. However, no significant differences were observed in EBV reactivation (46.7% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 68.4%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.170) or persistent EBV viremia (23.3% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 44.7%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.075) on day 180. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in the cumulative incidences of grade II–IV (49.4% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 50.3%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.700) or grade III–IV (9.3% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 18.8%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.390) acute GVHD on day 100, or 1-year chronic GVHD (10.0% &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; 13.2%, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthropod venom peptides: Pioneering nanotechnology in cancer treatment and drug delivery","authors":"Sara K. Ghodeif,&nbsp;Nadia A. El-Fahla,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman,&nbsp;Nahla S. El-Shenawy","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, claiming &gt;10 million lives in 2020 and a projected increase to 13 million by 2030. Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can be effective but often lead to systemic toxicity and drug conflict due to their lack of selectivity. Nanotechnology is a promising alternative that targets cancer cells and reduces harm to healthy tissues. We aimed to conduct a review to present an inclusive examination of nanotechnology, macromolecules, and related methodologies, focusing on therapeutic strategies utilizing arthropod venom peptides and nanotechnological approaches. Nanoparticles (NPs) ranging from 1 to 100 nm improve drug delivery and treatment outcomes by enhancing bioavailability, controlling drug release, and exploiting tumor-specific features. However, biocompatibility, manufacturing complexity, and regulatory hurdles have hindered their widespread clinical use. Arthropod venom contains bioactive compounds that primarily target ion channels, which play a role in cancer progression. Venom-derived peptides are emerging as promising anticancer agents, and nanotechnology offers an effective strategy for their delivery. NPs have enhanced therapeutic potential by improving controlled release, stability, and cellular uptake while minimizing toxicity. Liposomal- and lipid-based NPs and organic carriers such as chitosan show particular promise for targeted drug delivery. Combining nanotechnology with venom-derived peptides, particularly those from arthropods such as scorpions, may enhance the selectivity and efficacy of cancer treatments. These peptides selectively target cancer cells, minimize toxicity, and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the potential of venom-derived peptides combined with NPs in cancer therapy, as well as their benefits, challenges, and future research directions for innovative treatment approaches. Future studies should focus on optimizing venom peptide formulations with NPs to enhance efficacy, reduce systemic toxicity, and develop safer and more effective cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 81-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clotrimazole as a new frontier: Drug repurposing and its efficacy in cancer therapy","authors":"Shubham C. Karpe ,&nbsp;Manjula Kiran ,&nbsp;Sukhen Majhi ,&nbsp;Jaipal Meena ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Harish Chander ,&nbsp;Anupkumar R. Anvikar ,&nbsp;Harit Kasana","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer, ranging from early stages to metastatic spread, is one of the leading causes of death globally. Current treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drugs, have limitations, such as significant side effects, drug resistance, and high cost. To overcome these challenges, extensive studies have explored the anticancer potential of various drugs such as clotrimazole (CLZ), which has shown promising anticancer effects. CLZ was first developed as an antifungal agent. Recently significant anticancer effects have been observed making it a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. Compared with other azole-based antifungals, CLZ has shown distinct therapeutic effects on cancer cells via several pathways. Its ability to disrupt glycolysis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase (PFK) and hexokinase (HK) distinguishes it from other azoles. Furthermore, CLZ obstructs calcium homeostasis and critical survival pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (<em>ERK</em>)<em>-p65</em>, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (<em>PI3K</em>), and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and attenuating metastasis. This review explores the potential of repurposing CLZ in cancer and its well-established safety profile and cost-effectiveness to highlight current treatment gaps. It briefly examines <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assessments to understand the mechanisms and effects of CLZ on various cancer types. Furthermore, novel strategies such as nanoformulations and combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs have been highlighted to improve therapeutic outcomes. Preclinical studies have provided promising evidence for the efficacy of CLZ in different cancers, showing tumor regression and improved responses to conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Given its evident preclinical results and diverse mechanisms of action, CLZ may be considered an antineoplastic agent. Further clinical research is required to fully elucidate its anticancer potential, potentially positing it as a valuable addition to currently available cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophage-based therapies in oral cancer: A new frontier in oncology","authors":"Vishnu Priya Panneerselvam,&nbsp;Leela Kagithakara Vajravelu,&nbsp;Rahul Harikumar Lathakumari,&nbsp;Poornima Baskar Vimala,&nbsp;Dakshina M Nair,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Thulukanam","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The human oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic microbial ecosystem, including bacteriophages (phages), which play a critical role in shaping the microbial community structure. Bacteriophages, viruses that specifically target and infect bacteria, have been increasingly recognized for their potential to influence both microbial balance and disease progression within the oral environment. Recent studies suggest that bacteriophages not only modulate the composition of the oral microbiome but also play an essential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral cancer. This review aims to explore the complex crosstalk between bacteriophages and oral health related to oral carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on their emerging roles in oral carcinogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Oral cancer, a major global health concern, is often associated with microbial dysbiosis and chronic inflammation, both of which contribute to tumor progression. &lt;em&gt;Fusobacterium nucleatum&lt;/em&gt;, a key bacterial species implicated in oral carcinogenesis, has been shown to promote tumor growth, enhance immune evasion, and exacerbate inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. Bacteriophages offer a promising strategy to selectively target and eliminate such pathogenic bacteria such as &lt;em&gt;Fusobacterium nucleatum&lt;/em&gt;, thereby restoring microbial balance and reducing the pro-tumorigenic effects of bacterial infections. Through the disruption of tumor-associated biofilms and modulation of cancer-promoting bacterial populations, phages may help mitigate the inflammatory responses that drive oral cancer progression. Additionally, phage therapy could complement existing treatments by sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Beyond their direct antibacterial effects, genetically engineered bacteriophages present novel opportunities for targeted cancer therapy. Advances in synthetic biology have enabled the development of phages capable of delivering therapeutic payloads, such as anti-cancer peptides, cytotoxic agents, and immune modulators. These engineered phages can be designed to selectively target bacterial species that influence tumor progression, offering a highly specific and precision-based approach to oncology. Moreover, phages can serve as vectors for cancer vaccines, facilitating antigen presentation and enhancing immune responses against tumor cells. In addition to therapeutic applications, bacteriophages hold promise in the field of cancer diagnostics. The ability of phages to selectively bind to specific bacterial biomarkers associated with oral cancer could be leveraged for early disease detection and non-invasive screening. Phage-based biosensors, for instance, have shown potential in identifying cancer-associated microbial signatures, paving the way for innovative diagnostic tools that could improve early intervention and patient outcomes. Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed before phage-based s","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 453-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Candida albicans in chronic inflammation and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Malavika G,&nbsp;Sujith Sri Surya Ravi,&nbsp;Datchanamoorthy Maheswary,&nbsp;Kakithakara Vajravelu Leela,&nbsp;Rahul Harikumar Lathakumari,&nbsp;Lekshmi Priya K S","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral cancer pathogenesis is significantly influenced by <em>Candida</em> species, especially <em>C. albicans</em>, through chronic inflammation and cellular dysregulation. Epidemiological studies highlight a strong correlation between persistent <em>Candida</em> infections and oral carcinogenesis. Experimental evidence has identified key biomolecular mechanisms, including biofilm formation, epithelial invasion, and immune evasion. Chronic inflammation induced by <em>Candida</em> fosters a pro-tumorigenic environment characterized by oxidative stress, cytokine imbalance, and genomic instability. Animal models of <em>Candida</em>-induced oral lesions offer insights into premalignant conditions, and case series studies further support the association between fungal infections and oral cancer. This review critically examines the role of <em>Candida</em>, particularly <em>C. albicans</em>, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis by analyzing epidemiological, experimental, and mechanistic data. We emphasize the importance of early detection and therapeutic strategies, including antifungal prophylaxis, to manage <em>Candida</em> colonization in cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search of studies published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using Pub Med, Scopus, and Web of Science. Key findings were synthesized to understand the relationship between <em>Candida</em> infections and OSCC. The persistent <em>Candida</em> infections create a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment that accelerates dysplastic changes and malignant progression, particularly in high-risk individuals. While the direct causative relationship is complex, the combined effects of <em>Candida</em>, tobacco, alcohol use, and immunosuppression are significant in oral carcinogenesis. Early detection, antifungal treatments, and personalized therapies are essential to improving patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, microbiologists, and immunologists is crucial for developing integrated strategies to manage both <em>Candida</em> infections and cancer. Future research should focus on dual-action therapies targeting both <em>Candida</em>-induced inflammation and tumor progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 5","pages":"Pages 402-410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the significance of extracellular vesicles: Key players in advancing cancer and possible theranostic tools","authors":"Bhaumik Patel ,&nbsp;Shreyas Gaikwad ,&nbsp;Sahdeo Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metastasis remains a critical challenge in cancer treatment and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Ongoing research has demonstrated the key role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in facilitating communication between distant organs. Cancer cells release a substantial number of EVs that carry distinct cargo molecules, including oncogenic proteins, DNA fragments, and various RNA species. Upon uptake, these cargo molecules profoundly influence the biology of both normal and cancerous cells. This review consolidates the understanding of how EVs promote tumorigenesis by regulating processes such as proliferation, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness, and immunity. The exploration of EVs as a non-invasive method for cancer detection holds great promise, given that different cancer types exhibit unique protein and RNA signatures that can serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis. Furthermore, growing interest exists in the potential bioengineering EVs for use as prospective therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy combined with first-line anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A bicentric retrospective study","authors":"Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Peng Ding ,&nbsp;Ruiguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongchang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Tong ,&nbsp;Shishi Cheng ,&nbsp;Ling Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Jie ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Pian Liu ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Wu ,&nbsp;Nong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of immunotherapy and radiotherapy for both local and abscopal tumor control. However, data regarding the use of first-line immunochemotherapy (ICT) combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain limited. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line immunochemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (ICRT) and those of ICT alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with advanced NSCLC who received first-line anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy plus chemotherapy at Wuhan Union Hospital and Hunan Cancer Hospital between October 2017 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety associated with treatment were assessed. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 194 patients were included: 92 were treated with ICRT and 102 were treated with ICT. The ORRs of the ICRT and ICT groups were 57.6% and 47.1%, respectively. Patients in the ICRT group had significantly longer PFS (median: 14.9 <em>vs.</em> 11.5 months; <em>P</em> = 0.035) and OS (median: 41.3 <em>vs.</em> 23.1 months; <em>P</em> = 0.047) than those of patients in the ICT group. Patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy, those treated with extrathoracic metastasis radiotherapy, and those treated without radiotherapy had median PFS of 21.5 months, 12.9 months, and 11.5 months (<em>P</em> = 0.031); and median OS was not reached, 41.3 months, and 23.1 months (<em>P</em> = 0.007), respectively. ICRT and ICT were generally well-tolerated, and the overall incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups. A total of 2.2% (2/92) of patients experienced grade 3 or grade 4 radiation-related adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Radiotherapy is safe and manageable when added to first-line anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 514-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast cancer risk associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in the Eastern Chinese population","authors":"Sanjian Yu ,&nbsp;Xia Qiu ,&nbsp;Zezhou Wang ,&nbsp;Jialong Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Ji ,&nbsp;Hailin Shan ,&nbsp;Qing Shao ,&nbsp;Heng Xia ,&nbsp;Feng Cao ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Cuixia Fu ,&nbsp;Liqin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Lu ,&nbsp;Tingting Su ,&nbsp;Qianqian Yu ,&nbsp;Shengqun Hou ,&nbsp;Honglian Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhimin Shao ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Population-based penetrance studies of breast cancer gene 1/2 (<em>BRCA1/2)</em> pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the Eastern Chinese population are currently lacking; thus, we aimed to investigate the penetrance of breast cancer and other malignant tumors among BRCA1/2 P/LP variant carriers using a population-based breast cancer cohort from communities in Eastern China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between July 2019 and March 2021, we tested 2216 breast cancer probands from Chinese communities for <em>BRCA1/2</em> mutations and collected detailed information on the age, survival status, and malignancy history of first-degree relatives. The kin-cohort method was used to calculate the penetrance of breast cancer and other malignant tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 2216 breast cancer probands, 109 (4.90%) carried <em>BRCA1/2</em> P/LP variants, 49 in the <em>BRCA1</em> gene and 60 in the <em>BRCA2</em> gene. The penetrance of female breast cancer by 85 years of age was 22.50% and 18.20% in <em>BRCA1</em> and <em>BRCA2</em> P/LP variant carriers, respectively. The penetrance of ovarian cancer by 85 years of age was 26.00% in <em>BRCA1</em> P/LP variant carriers. The penetrance of other malignancies did not reach statistical significance owing to the small number of events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings showed that breast cancer penetrance among <em>BRCA1</em> and <em>BRCA2</em> P/LP variant carriers was 22.50% and 18.20%, respectively, which suggests that prophylactic mastectomy may not be necessary for such Chinese individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov; <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04265937</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram for predicting the risk and prognosis of lung metastasis of four subtypes of breast cancer: A population-based study from SEER","authors":"Yuanfang Xin ,&nbsp;Guoxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiuxia Dong ,&nbsp;Yaobang Liu ,&nbsp;Xingfa Huo ,&nbsp;Yumei Guan ,&nbsp;Yonghui Zheng ,&nbsp;Qianqian Fang ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Ren ,&nbsp;Fuxing Zhao ,&nbsp;Zitao Li ,&nbsp;Xinlan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiuda Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide, and patients' survival decreases with metastasis. We conducted a retrospective study using data derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and clinicopathological data to construct a clinical predictive model to predict the risk and prognosis of lung metastasis (LM) in patients with different subtypes of BC and validate its performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1650 patients from the SEER database between 2011 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for breast cancer lung metastasis (BCLM). A nomogram was constructed using the independent prognostic factors. The concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC) value, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to test the prediction accuracy of the nomogram. External validation (<em>n</em> = 112) was performed using clinical data from the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that age, grade, surgery, chemotherapy, subtype, and liver, bone, and brain metastases were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival times of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, luminal A, luminal B, and triple-negative BC were 25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 20–37), 27 (95% CI, 23–29), 35 (95% CI, 30–44), and 12 (95% CI, 11–14), respectively. The C-indexes of the nomogram for predicting OS of the SEER training, SEER validation, and clinical validation cohorts were 0.7, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively, and the calculated AUCs at 3 years were 0.765, 0.794, and 0.799, respectively. The calibration curve indicates that the nomogram possessed a high level of accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our nomogram demonstrates significant predictive value, indicating that molecular subtypes, brain metastasis, and liver metastasis are closely associated with the prognosis of patients with LM. This information can guide clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}