Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2025.06.008
Zhuocheng Lai , Chenxi Hu , Jirong Jie , Yongyuan Xiao , Yuanchao Zhu , Xueni Guo , Yintong Liu , Yiwei Wang , Shiyu Pang , Xiangbo Zeng , Wanlong Tan , Qiong Wang
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that is typically resistant to nearly all current therapies. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and dataset analyses identified Centrosomal Protein 55 (CEP55) as a critical factor in the transformation from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to CRPC and, ultimately to, NEPC. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses and validation with clinical samples demonstrated that CEP55 is significantly upregulated in NEPC tissues compared to HSPC and CRPC. Furthermore, while CEP55 show no significant association with the immune microenvironment or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), our findings indicate that it directly mediates the plasticity of prostate cancer cells, thereby driving NEPC progression. Specifically, in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CEP55 enhances cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the expression of NEPC biomarkers in prostate cancer. Importantly, although cisplatin is the primary treatment for NEPC clinically, CEP55 has been shown to regulate cisplatin resistance through the phosphorylation of CDK1 at the tyrosine 15 (Tyr15) site. In summary, our study identifies a key gene that influences the neuroendocrine differentiation process in prostate cancer, suggesting its potential as an important therapeutic target.
{"title":"Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)-associated CEP55 promotes cisplatin resistance in prostate cancer by regulating CDK1 phosphorylation","authors":"Zhuocheng Lai , Chenxi Hu , Jirong Jie , Yongyuan Xiao , Yuanchao Zhu , Xueni Guo , Yintong Liu , Yiwei Wang , Shiyu Pang , Xiangbo Zeng , Wanlong Tan , Qiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that is typically resistant to nearly all current therapies. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and dataset analyses identified Centrosomal Protein 55 (<em>CEP55</em>) as a critical factor in the transformation from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to CRPC and, ultimately to, NEPC. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses and validation with clinical samples demonstrated that <em>CEP55</em> is significantly upregulated in NEPC tissues compared to HSPC and CRPC. Furthermore, while <em>CEP55</em> show no significant association with the immune microenvironment or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), our findings indicate that it directly mediates the plasticity of prostate cancer cells, thereby driving NEPC progression. Specifically, <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments confirmed that <em>CEP55</em> enhances cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the expression of NEPC biomarkers in prostate cancer. Importantly, although cisplatin is the primary treatment for NEPC clinically, <em>CEP55</em> has been shown to regulate cisplatin resistance through the phosphorylation of CDK1 at the tyrosine 15 (Tyr15) site. In summary, our study identifies a key gene that influences the neuroendocrine differentiation process in prostate cancer, suggesting its potential as an important therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pathophysiology of many ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, and metabolic problems, is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis. Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis, fatty acid production, lipogenesis, and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development, including CRC. The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC, making it an environmental disease. These factors include food and lifestyle choices, genetics and family history, age, underlying intestinal diseases, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet, which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome. In addition to impacting CRC formation, the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects, including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them. Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied, yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment. It is possible to perform microbiome-driven immunotherapies focusing on probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. However, large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues, including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods. The study highlights the impact of several risk factors, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora. Given the foregoing, we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions, microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.
{"title":"Emerging risk factors and the role of gut microbiota in immunomodulation and therapeutic implications in colorectal cancer","authors":"Sonakshi Modeel , Sneha Siwach , Padma Dolkar , Meenu Chaurasia , Pankaj Yadav , Apoorva Atri , Aarzoo Yadav , Tarana Negi , Ram Krishan Negi","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathophysiology of many ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, and metabolic problems, is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis. Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis, fatty acid production, lipogenesis, and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development, including CRC. The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC, making it an environmental disease. These factors include food and lifestyle choices, genetics and family history, age, underlying intestinal diseases, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet, which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome. In addition to impacting CRC formation, the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects, including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them. Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied, yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment. It is possible to perform microbiome-driven immunotherapies focusing on probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. However, large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues, including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods. The study highlights the impact of several risk factors, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora. Given the foregoing, we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions, microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 14-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite significant advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, the global burden of cancer continues to escalate, characterized by increasing incidence and mortality rates. A problem for successful treatment is chemoresistance, which undermines the effectiveness of traditional and targeted treatments. This review synthesizes emerging therapeutic strategies, including targeted agents, combinatorial regimens, and advances in precision medicine, with a focus on improving clinical outcomes. Integrating the latest understanding from molecular biology, genomics, and pharmacology emphasizes new paths to overcoming resistance. Particular attention is focused on the roles played by exosomes, metabolic reprogramming, and the tumour microenvironment in facilitating drug resistance, as well as promising approaches to counteract these mechanisms and improve therapeutic responsiveness.
{"title":"Chemoresistance: The hidden barrier in cancer treatment","authors":"Vivek Kumar Dhiman , Manju Kumari , Devendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, the global burden of cancer continues to escalate, characterized by increasing incidence and mortality rates. A problem for successful treatment is chemoresistance, which undermines the effectiveness of traditional and targeted treatments. This review synthesizes emerging therapeutic strategies, including targeted agents, combinatorial regimens, and advances in precision medicine, with a focus on improving clinical outcomes. Integrating the latest understanding from molecular biology, genomics, and pharmacology emphasizes new paths to overcoming resistance. Particular attention is focused on the roles played by exosomes, metabolic reprogramming, and the tumour microenvironment in facilitating drug resistance, as well as promising approaches to counteract these mechanisms and improve therapeutic responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weight management in overweight or obesity: Implications for cancer pathogenesis and prognosis","authors":"Yue Wang , Haitao Niu , Peng Lyu, Bing Liu, Junmin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 273-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.10.001
Micael N. Melo , Ricardo G. Amaral , Lucas R. Melo de Andrade , Patricia Severino , Cristina Blanco-Llamero , Luciana N. Andrade , Eliana B. Souto
Background
Cancer therapy has undergone significant advances in recent decades attributed to personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery. Among the promising approaches, the use of nano-based delivery systems has become a relevant approach capable of improving treatment by releasing antineoplastic drugs at the target site, improving therapeutic efficacy, minimizing cytotoxicity in healthy tissues, and ultimately, reducing the intensity of adverse effects of chemotherapy. This study prospectively evaluated the impact of formulating anti-neoplastic drugs as nanomedicines on clinical response, overall survival, safety, and quality of life of cancer patients, based on the outcomes of randomized clinical trials.
Methods
A literature review was carried out by systematically searching the PubMed/MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases for phase III clinical trials, comparing nanomedicines with conventional therapies for the treatment of various cancer types.
Results
The nanomedicines analyzed were those that are approved and used in Brazil, considering the country's emerging market for advanced cancer treatments. From a total of 303 articles found, 26 articles were selected for systematic review. Studies showed that PEGylated l-asparaginase achieved a similar therapeutic effect to that of l-asparaginase, with fewer applications due to its longer half-life. Paclitaxel bound to albumin improved therapeutic efficacy as well as reduced infusion time and solvent-related toxicity of the conventional paclitaxel formulation. PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin showed better pharmacokinetics, reduced cardiotoxicity, and improved quality of life in cancer patients compared to that of free doxorubicin.
Conclusions
This study reinforces the scientific evidence of the added value of nanomedicines to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity in patients under chemotherapy.
近几十年来，由于个性化医疗和靶向给药，癌症治疗取得了重大进展。在这些有前景的方法中，使用纳米为基础的递送系统已经成为一种相关的方法，能够通过在靶点释放抗肿瘤药物来改善治疗，提高治疗效果，最小化健康组织中的细胞毒性，并最终降低化疗不良反应的强度。本研究基于随机临床试验的结果，前瞻性地评估了抗肿瘤药物作为纳米药物对癌症患者临床反应、总体生存期、安全性和生活质量的影响。方法系统检索PubMed/MEDical literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online （MEDLINE）、abstracts Medica Database （EMBASE）和Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences literature （LILACS）数据库进行III期临床试验的文献综述，比较纳米药物与常规疗法治疗不同类型癌症的疗效。考虑到巴西是一个新兴的晚期癌症治疗市场，所分析的纳米药物是那些在巴西获得批准和使用的药物。从共发现的303篇文献中，选择26篇进行系统评价。研究表明，聚乙二醇化l-天冬酰胺酶与l-天冬酰胺酶具有相似的治疗效果，但由于其半衰期较长，应用较少。与传统紫杉醇制剂相比，紫杉醇与白蛋白结合提高了治疗效果，减少了输注时间和溶剂相关毒性。与游离阿霉素相比，聚乙二醇化脂质体阿霉素在癌症患者中表现出更好的药代动力学，降低心脏毒性，改善生活质量。结论本研究为纳米药物在化疗患者中提高疗效、降低毒副作用的附加价值提供了科学依据。
{"title":"An overview of randomized phase III clinical trials of cancer nanomedicines","authors":"Micael N. Melo , Ricardo G. Amaral , Lucas R. Melo de Andrade , Patricia Severino , Cristina Blanco-Llamero , Luciana N. Andrade , Eliana B. Souto","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer therapy has undergone significant advances in recent decades attributed to personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery. Among the promising approaches, the use of nano-based delivery systems has become a relevant approach capable of improving treatment by releasing antineoplastic drugs at the target site, improving therapeutic efficacy, minimizing cytotoxicity in healthy tissues, and ultimately, reducing the intensity of adverse effects of chemotherapy. This study prospectively evaluated the impact of formulating anti-neoplastic drugs as nanomedicines on clinical response, overall survival, safety, and quality of life of cancer patients, based on the outcomes of randomized clinical trials.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature review was carried out by systematically searching the PubMed/MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases for phase III clinical trials, comparing nanomedicines with conventional therapies for the treatment of various cancer types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nanomedicines analyzed were those that are approved and used in Brazil, considering the country's emerging market for advanced cancer treatments. From a total of 303 articles found, 26 articles were selected for systematic review. Studies showed that PEGylated <span>l</span>-asparaginase achieved a similar therapeutic effect to that of <span>l</span>-asparaginase, with fewer applications due to its longer half-life. Paclitaxel bound to albumin improved therapeutic efficacy as well as reduced infusion time and solvent-related toxicity of the conventional paclitaxel formulation. PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin showed better pharmacokinetics, reduced cardiotoxicity, and improved quality of life in cancer patients compared to that of free doxorubicin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reinforces the scientific evidence of the added value of nanomedicines to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity in patients under chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 322-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.007
Yuxian Liu , He Ma , Xintong Wang , Isabelle Yang , Jingping Wang
{"title":"Immunomodulatory potential of dexmedetomidine in perioperative pain management for patients with cancer","authors":"Yuxian Liu , He Ma , Xintong Wang , Isabelle Yang , Jingping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 353-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.005
Wirote Lausoontornsiri , Chek Kun Tan , Dimple Rajgor , Yew Chung Tang
{"title":"Capmatinib treatment in a patient with osimertinib-resistant NSCLC harboring two distinct MET alterations revealed by tissue-based NGS testing","authors":"Wirote Lausoontornsiri , Chek Kun Tan , Dimple Rajgor , Yew Chung Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 357-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.002
V.C. Deivayanai , P. Thamarai , S. Karishma , A. Saravanan , P.R. Yaashikaa , A.S. Vickram , R.V. Hemavathy , R Rohith Kumar , S. Rishikesavan , S. Shruthi
One in six deaths worldwide is caused by cancer, making it a major global health concern. Despite their effectiveness, traditional treatment approaches such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery frequently have negative side effects and high costs. New approaches, such as gene therapy, are promising but are hampered by high costs and accessibility problems. Nanoparticles (NPs) facilitate targeted drug delivery by leveraging passive targeting mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and by actively targeting surfaces with ligands for site-specific binding through the functionalization of surfaces. This approach enhances therapeutic results while lowering off-target toxicities. Notably, chemotherapeutic medications, immunotherapeutic agents, and photothermal therapies can now be delivered more precisely to the affected site using NP-based systems. By boosting particularity, reducing side effects, and tackling drug resistance, nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and ultimately advance personalized oncological care. These advancements highlight the possibilities for field growth, and future development regulations are detailed.
{"title":"Advances in nanoparticle-mediated cancer therapeutics: Current research and future perspectives","authors":"V.C. Deivayanai , P. Thamarai , S. Karishma , A. Saravanan , P.R. Yaashikaa , A.S. Vickram , R.V. Hemavathy , R Rohith Kumar , S. Rishikesavan , S. Shruthi","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One in six deaths worldwide is caused by cancer, making it a major global health concern. Despite their effectiveness, traditional treatment approaches such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery frequently have negative side effects and high costs. New approaches, such as gene therapy, are promising but are hampered by high costs and accessibility problems. Nanoparticles (NPs) facilitate targeted drug delivery by leveraging passive targeting mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and by actively targeting surfaces with ligands for site-specific binding through the functionalization of surfaces. This approach enhances therapeutic results while lowering off-target toxicities. Notably, chemotherapeutic medications, immunotherapeutic agents, and photothermal therapies can now be delivered more precisely to the affected site using NP-based systems. By boosting particularity, reducing side effects, and tackling drug resistance, nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and ultimately advance personalized oncological care. These advancements highlight the possibilities for field growth, and future development regulations are detailed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.003
Uddalak Das , Soupayan Banerjee , Meghna Sarkar , Fathah Muhammad L , Tanveen Kaur Soni , Madhumita Saha , Gayatri Pradhan , Bhaskarjyaa Chatterjee
Circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. This review delved into the fundamental principles underlying circRNA biology, highlighting their unique structural advantages and translational potential. We examined recent advancements in circRNA vaccine design, focusing on their application in oncology. As the circRNA-based cancer vaccine is a relatively novel technology, findings from all the major studies describing its efficacy were discussed. We further investigated their combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, that ensure the maximal anticancer effects of circRNA vaccines. Large-scale manufacturing, immunogenicity optimization, delivery systems, and other challenges and future directions in this field were also discussed. This study aims to thoroughly analyze the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of circRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting them as exciting possibilities for next-generation cancer therapies.
{"title":"Circular RNA vaccines: Pioneering the next-gen cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Uddalak Das , Soupayan Banerjee , Meghna Sarkar , Fathah Muhammad L , Tanveen Kaur Soni , Madhumita Saha , Gayatri Pradhan , Bhaskarjyaa Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. This review delved into the fundamental principles underlying circRNA biology, highlighting their unique structural advantages and translational potential. We examined recent advancements in circRNA vaccine design, focusing on their application in oncology. As the circRNA-based cancer vaccine is a relatively novel technology, findings from all the major studies describing its efficacy were discussed. We further investigated their combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, that ensure the maximal anticancer effects of circRNA vaccines. Large-scale manufacturing, immunogenicity optimization, delivery systems, and other challenges and future directions in this field were also discussed. This study aims to thoroughly analyze the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of circRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting them as exciting possibilities for next-generation cancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.003
Tengfei Zhang , Kang Cui , Xiaodan Liu , Yikai Han , Lin Li , Jinhui Xie , Xiangwen Dong , Yuhan Bao , Shengju Ren , Ziwen Lei , Pu Yu , Huan Zhao , Yabing Du , Wang Ma
Background
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most prevalent cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Camrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated moderate efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Lactobacillus paracasei, a probiotic bacterium, has a complementary effect in immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of camrelizumab and L. paracasei for advanced ESCC.
Methods
This single-arm, single-center, exploratory trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Eligible patients received 200 mg camrelizumab biweekly and two bags of L. paracasei twice daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs).
Results
From May 2020 to October 2022, ten patients with advanced ESCC who did not respond to first-line therapy were admitted. At the data cutoff date (August 9, 2023), the median follow-up duration was 12 months. Two of 10 (20%) achieved objective responses. The median survival was 7.5 months and the median OS was not reached. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs occurred in two of the 10 patients (20%). No serious treatment-related AEs or deaths occurred.
Conclusions
Camrelizumab combined with L. paracasei showed favorable anticancer activity and may be a viable second-line treatment for patients with ESCC.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A single-arm, single-center, exploratory trial","authors":"Tengfei Zhang , Kang Cui , Xiaodan Liu , Yikai Han , Lin Li , Jinhui Xie , Xiangwen Dong , Yuhan Bao , Shengju Ren , Ziwen Lei , Pu Yu , Huan Zhao , Yabing Du , Wang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpt.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most prevalent cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Camrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated moderate efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em>, a probiotic bacterium, has a complementary effect in immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of camrelizumab and <em>L. paracasei</em> for advanced ESCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-arm, single-center, exploratory trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Eligible patients received 200 mg camrelizumab biweekly and two bags of <em>L. paracasei</em> twice daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From May 2020 to October 2022, ten patients with advanced ESCC who did not respond to first-line therapy were admitted. At the data cutoff date (August 9, 2023), the median follow-up duration was 12 months. Two of 10 (20%) achieved objective responses. The median survival was 7.5 months and the median OS was not reached. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs occurred in two of the 10 patients (20%). No serious treatment-related AEs or deaths occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Camrelizumab combined with <em>L. paracasei</em> showed favorable anticancer activity and may be a viable second-line treatment for patients with ESCC.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ChiCTR2000032093, <span><span>https://www.chictr.org.cn</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93920,"journal":{"name":"Cancer pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 346-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号