Emergencias : revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Emergencias最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the social, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients brought to Spanish pediatric emergency departments (EDs) after suicide attempts by poisoning. A secondary objective was to identify risk factors for moderate-severe poisoning.

Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort study. We included patients under the age of 18 years who were brought to 20 Spanish pediatric EDs after attempting suicide between January 2021 and June 2022. Case histories were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. A Poisoning Severity Score of 2 or more was classified as moderate-severe.

Results: A total of 592 episodes were studied; 541 of the patients (91.4%) were girls. The median (P25-P75) age was 14.6 years (13.6-15.7 years). A psychiatric diagnosis had been made in 417 (70.4%), 334 (56.4%) had attempted suicide previously, and 409 (69.1%) had been victims of bullying. Medications were ingested by 584 (98.6%). The most often used were benzodiazepines (used by 222; 37.5%) and paracetamol (by 187; 31.6%). Fifty-three poisonings were classified as moderate-severe. A mental health evaluation was carried out in 585 cases (98.8%). Odds ratios (ORs) indicated that higher risk of moderate-severe poisoning was associated with having an adjustment disorder (OR, 3.2; P25-P75, 1.1-9.0; P = .027), using opioids (OR, 6.4; P25-P75, 1.2-35.4; P = .032), and taking of antidiabetic drugs (OR, 27.6; P25-P75, 1.2-634.9; P = .038). Being a victim of bullying (OR, 0.4; P25-P75, 0.2-0.8; P = .013] and using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 0.3; P25-P75, 0.1-0.8; P = .020) decreased risk.

Conclusions: Pediatric ED visits for suicide attempts by poisoning occur mainly in adolescent girls, and a majority have a medical history of a psychiatric diagnosis, prior suicide attempts, or self-harm behaviors. They have also often experienced bullying. Characteristics that distinguish patients with moderate-severe poisoning are the presence of an adjustment disorder and the use of opioids and antidiabetic drugs, which confer risk for greater severity.

Text: Hidden infections and late diagnoses are currently the main challenges of the HIV pandemic. Emergency departments (EDs) are one of the health care system's key resources addressing these challenges. In 2020, the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) published recommendations for ordering HIV serology testing for patients with certain health conditions, and in 2021 SEMES launched the "Leave Your Mark" (Deja tu Huella - DTH) program to facilitate implementing the recommendations during emergency care. The present consensus paper, based on 3 years of experience with the program, was drafted to give new support to the DTH project. Participating hospitals ordered 129 617 serologies over 3 years, leading to 1620 new HIV diagnoses. One out of every 5 new HIV diagnoses in Spain is now made in an ED, but there is still room for improvement. To that end, this paper contributes 7 concrete proposals: 1) update the DTH program's criteria for ordering serology by including unexplained thrombocytopenia, fever with no focus of infection, and former residence in a country with endemic HIV infection; 2) include serology for hepatitis C virus infection at the time HIV testing is ordered; 3) reinforce the importance of obtaining the patient's informed consent for testing, meeting the obligation to respect the individual's rights; 4) implement educational programs; 5) develop decision-making tools (forms for ordering tests, alerts in patients' histories); 6) involve nurses in the DTH process and value their contributions; and 7) monitor quality markers to evaluate implementation of the program in all participating hospitals. The ultimate goal is to improve the DTH program and ensure its sustainability over time.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) in emergency departments (EDs) who develop cardiogenic shock (CS) not associated with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STACS).

Methods: Information for patients diagnosed with AHF in 23 Spanish EDs and registered between 2009 and 2019 were included for analysis if the patients developed symptoms consistent with CS. We described baseline clinical characteristics related to cardiac decompensation and CS, as well as 30-day mortality.

Results: A total of 15 920 cases of AHF were diagnosed; 179 of the patients developed CS (prevalence, 1.1%; 95% CI, 0.2%-3.2%). The median age was 82 years, and 53% were women. The most common causes of SC were valve disease and coronary disease. Prior episodes of AHF had occurred in 76%. More than 40% presented with severely deteriorated baseline functional and respiratory status. Treatment for CS was started in the ED in 75%, CS was refractory in 22%, and palliative measures were taken in 13%. Patients who developed CS had lower mean arterial pressure and worse New York Heart Association classifications at baseline, valve disease, and non-STACS. They had been transferred in an advanced life support ambulance, had severe hyponatremia, and less often had lower extremity edema than patients who did not develop CS. Thirty-day mortality was 38.5% (95% CI, 31.3%-45.7%); 21 of these patients died in the ED (12% of those with CS). Mortality was related to age 80 years or older (adjusted [aHR], 1.977; 95% CI, 1.169-3.343), hypertension (aHR, 2.123; 95% CI, 1.035-4.352), anemia (aHR, 2.262; 95% CI, 1.029-4.970), signs of low cardiac output (aHR, 1.877; 95% CI, 1.150-3.062), and a glomerularfiltration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (aHR, 1.758; 95% CI, 1.051-2.939).

Conclusions: CS occurring outside a context of STACS is uncommon in ED patients with AHF and is related to poorer functional class. More of these patients have valve disease, hyponatremia, and non-STACS as a precipitant. Nearly 40% die in hospital. Almost a third die in the ED.

Objective: To develop a Metabolic Derangement Score (MDS) based on parameters available after initial testing and assess the score's ability to predict survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the likely usefulness of extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Methods: A total of 5100 cases in the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry were included. Patients' mean age was 67 years, and 69% were men. Findings from initial tests (pH; PaCO2; PaO2; and potassium, hemoglobin, lactate, and creatinine levels) were extracted from the registry. The primary composite outcome was death or poor neurologic outcome (Cerebral Performance Category Scale, $ 3) at 30 days. We developed the model for the MDS using automated machine learning algorithms in a development cohort (60% of the patients) and tested it in a validation cohort (40%).

Results: Risk for the primary outcome increased by 34% as the MDS rose from 0 to 7 in the test cohort. Patients with scores of 2 or lower had no increased risk for the outcome according to whether ECLS had been used or not. However, ECLS patients with a score of 3 or more did have lower risk for the outcome, based on a restricted mean survival time of 6.5 days and a ratio of restricted mean time lost of 0.76; P .001, both comparisons). Registered test results were consistent between patients who did or did not receive ECLS. The MDS predicted the composite outcome better than the OHCA, Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis, and NULL-PLEASE scores (P .05).

Conclusions: The MDS we developed predicts prognosis in patients with OHCA and identifies patients who could benefit from ECLS.