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Decubitus ulcers are a common spinal cord injury (SCI) complication that puts patients' lives in danger and has emerged as a more prevalent issue in modern clinical rehabilitation and care. Decubitus ulcers in humans can currently be treated in a number of different ways, but there are fewer studies on how to treat and care for decubitus ulcers in macaques. To treat a 20-year-old adult male macaque monkey with SCI and decubitus ulcers after a quarter transection of the thoracic spinal cord, a number of scientific care procedures and pharmaceutical treatments, such as dietary changes and topical or intravenous administration of medication, were carried out and continuously monitored in real-time. In comparison to the untreated group, we observed a significant improvement in decubitus wound healing in the macaques. In this article, we provide a good protocol for decubitus ulcer care after SCI and suggest that future experimental animal modeling needs to focus on issues such as care for postoperative complications.

Due to the existence of the blood–brain barrier in glioma, traditional drug therapy has a poor therapeutic outcome. Emerging immunotherapy has been shown to have satisfactory therapeutic effects in solid tumors, and it is clinically instructive to explore the possibility of immunotherapy in glioma. We performed a retrospective analysis of RNA-seq data and clinical information in 1027 glioma patients, utilizing machine learning to explore the relationship between tyrosine metabolizing enzymes and clinical characteristics. In addition, we also assessed the role of tyrosine metabolizing enzymes in the immune microenvironment including immune infiltration and immune evasion. Highly expressed tyrosine metabolizing enzymes 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase not only promote the malignant phenotype of glioma but are also closely related to poor prognosis. The expression of tyrosine metabolizing enzymes could distinguish the malignancy degree of glioma. More importantly, tyrosine metabolizing enzymes regulate the adaptive immune process in glioma. Mechanistically, multiple metabolic enzymes remodel fumarate metabolism, promote α-ketoglutarate production, induce programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and help glioma evade immune surveillance. Our data suggest that the metabolic subclass driven by tyrosine metabolism provides promising targets for the immunotherapy of glioma.

Aging can be defined as a decline of physiological function that is more difficult to reverse, characterized by the loss of the physiological integrity of tissues, organs, and cells of an organism over time. Normal aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, involving neuronal apoptosis, synaptic structure, neurotransmission, and metabolism alterations, leading to impairment in sleep, cognitive functions, memory, learning, and motor and sensory systems. Histone modification is a significant aging-related epigenetic change that influences synaptic and mitochondrial function and immune and stress responses in the brain. This review discusses the changes in histone modifications that occur during brain aging, specifically methylation and acetylation, and the associated changes in gene transcription and protein expression. We observed that genes related to synaptic and mitochondrial function are downregulated in the aging brain, while genes related to immune response and inflammatory functions are upregulated.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of scutellarein on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and the underlying mechanism. Six cell lines were used with drug intervention. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to select the best, namely, SH-SY5Y, and then its IC₅₀ value was determined. To further investigate the mechanism of scutellarin affecting SH-SY5Y proliferation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of 11 factors. Scutellarin administration with 300 μM significantly reduced the number of SH-SY5Y, especially on the 3rd day of exposure to scutellarin. The IC₅₀ value of scutellarin in SH-SY5Y cells was determined to be 117.8 μM. But the practical results showed that 300 μM was the optimal concentration of scutellarin. qRT-PCR further detected upregulated maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), oncogene c-Fos (c-FOS), and c-jun and downregulated M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H (NCAPH), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and TGF-α, suggesting that scutellarin with 300 μM volume inhibited the survival of SH-SY5Y by regulating the expression of these 8 factors. Scutellarin could be a novel drug for the treatment of neuroblastoma, and its underlying mechanism may be related to the upregulated levels of MEG3, c-FOS, and c-jun and downregulated the expression of PKM2, NCAPH, EGFR, TGF-β1, and TGF-α.

Study of neuroticism can provide important insights. Before the inclusion of neuroticism in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD), clinical and scientific researchers used relatively fixed models to treat AD, such as prescribing fixed doses of drugs and fixed research strategies. However, taking neuroticism into account affects drug use, the direction of scientific research, and even the mental health of the population, which translates into more immediate economic benefits

Since the brain structure of neonatal rats was not fully formed during the first 4 days, it cannot be detected using ultrasound. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ultrasound to guide puncture in the normal coronal brain structure and determine the puncture depth of the location of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum of newborn rats of 5−15 days. The animal was placed in a prone position. The specific positions of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum were measured under ultrasound. Then, the rats were punctured with a stereotaxic instrument, and dye was injected. Finally, the brains of rats were taken to make frozen sections to observe the puncture results. By ultrasound, the image of the cortex, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and striatum of the rat can be obtained and the puncture depth of the cortex (8 days: 1.02 ± 0.12, 10 days: 1.02 ± 0.08, 13 days: 1.43 ± 0.05), hippocampus (8 days: 2.63 ± 0.07, 10 days: 2.77 ± 0.14, 13 days: 2.82 ± 0.09), lateral ventricle (8 days: 2.08 ± 0.04, 10 days: 2.26 ± 0.03, 13 days: 2.40 ± 0.06), and corpus striatum (8 days: 4.57 ± 0.09, 10 days: 4.94 ± 0.31, 13 days: 5.13 ± 0.10) can be accurately measured. The rat brain structure and puncture depth changed with the age of the rats. Ultrasound technology can not only clarify the brain structure characteristics of 5—15-day-old rats but also guide the puncture and injection of the rat brain structure. The results of this study laid the foundation for the future use of ultrasound in experimental animal models of neurological diseases.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a nervous system disease characterized by sensory and motor dysfunction, axonal apoptosis, decreased vascular density, and inflammation. At present, surgical treatment, drug treatment, and cell therapy can be used. Surgical treatment can improve motor and independent function scores, and drug treatment can promote the recovery of neurons in the spinal cord, but only improve symptoms. Complete recovery of SCI has not yet been achieved. However, the differentiation of stem cells brings hope for the treatment of SCI. Umbilical cord blood cells (UCBs) are ethically readily available and can repair neuronal damage. However, it is still unclear how they can improve symptoms and repair nerve severity. In this paper, the role of UCBs in the treatment of SCI is described in detail from different aspects such as behavior, morphology, and molecular expression changes, so as to provide new ideas and theoretical directions for future research.

A 57-year-old man who suffered from a headache for 1 year, accompanied by blurred vision for 7 months and numbness in his left face for 1 week was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University on May 7, 2022. One year ago, the patient had no obvious precipitating factor of paroxysmal stabbing pain in the whole skull with dizziness, which could be relieved by oneself after lasting for 1–2 min each time, with about 20 episodes per day. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes in bilateral frontal lobe ischemic foci, bilateral frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinusitis, and retinal macular degeneration. After hormone shock treatment, the condition improved. He suffered from headaches again with blurred vision in the right eye 7 months ago and was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He then was discharged after improvement due to hormone shock therapy. Oral hormone therapy was continued outside the hospital, but he stopped it due to drug side effects (details remained unclear). After cutting off, he developed a headache and visited our hospital once more, the relevant tests were performed and the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP). The symptoms were slightly abated after hormone therapy. We hope that through this case report, we can deepen the clinicians' understanding of IHP, and improve the diagnosis rate of the disease through relevant examinations in future clinical work, so that patients can receive timely treatment and the mental pressure and economic burden caused by the disease on patients are reduced.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the important complications of neonatal asphyxia, which not only leads to neurological disability but also seriously threatens the life of neonates. Over the years, animal models of HIE have been a research hotspot to find ways to cope with HIE and thereby reduce the risk of neonatal death or disability in moderate-to-severe HIE. By reviewing the literature related to HIE over the years, it was found that nonhuman primates share a high degree of homology with human gross neural anatomy. The basic data on nonhuman primates are not yet complete, so it is urgent to mine and develop new nonhuman primate model data. In recent years, the research on nonhuman primate HIE models has been gradually enriched and the content is more novel. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to further summarize the methods for establishing the nonhuman primate HIE model and to better elucidate the relevance of the nonhuman primate model to humans by observing the behavioral manifestations, neuropathology, and a series of biomarkers of HIE in primates HIE. Finally, the most popular and desirable treatments studied in nonhuman primate models in the past 5 years are summarized.