Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).125-125
S. Madhyastha
During Cirrhosis is a milieu that creates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second most deadly malignant growth worldwide. HCC forecast and avoidance in cirrhosis are key neglected clinical requirements. Here we have set up a HCC risk quality mark appropriate to all major HCC etiologists: hepatitis B/C, liquor, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
{"title":"Molecular Liver Cancer Prevention in Cirrhosis by Organ Transcriptome Analysis","authors":"S. Madhyastha","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).125-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).125-125","url":null,"abstract":"During Cirrhosis is a milieu that creates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second most deadly malignant growth worldwide. HCC forecast and avoidance in cirrhosis are key neglected clinical requirements. Here we have set up a HCC risk quality mark appropriate to all major HCC etiologists: hepatitis B/C, liquor, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84886067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).120-122
C. Tessema
During the dissection of an 83-year-old male cadaver, two bulbous origins of the aortic arch branches were noticed. The right divided into the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery, and the left divided into the left vertebral and left subclavian arteries. A scalenus minimus muscle and a proximally split anterior scalene muscle divided the left interscalene triangle into four compartments through which the roots of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery exited separately through each compartment. Variations like this could make the clinical distinction of aortic arch syndrome from thoracic outlet syndrome difficult, particularly, when the subclavian artery is involved and complicates the approach to structures in the interscalene triangle. Surgeons, radiologists, anesthesiologists and others involved in these areas should be cognizant of such variations in order to make the correct diagnosis, apply the appropriate procedure and institute the proper treatment for a better clinical outcome.
{"title":"A Case of Two Bulbous Origins of Aortic Arch Branches and Compartmentalized Left Interscalene Triangle","authors":"C. Tessema","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).120-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(8).120-122","url":null,"abstract":"During the dissection of an 83-year-old male cadaver, two bulbous origins of the aortic arch branches were noticed. The right divided into the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery, and the left divided into the left vertebral and left subclavian arteries. A scalenus minimus muscle and a proximally split anterior scalene muscle divided the left interscalene triangle into four compartments through which the roots of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery exited separately through each compartment. Variations like this could make the clinical distinction of aortic arch syndrome from thoracic outlet syndrome difficult, particularly, when the subclavian artery is involved and complicates the approach to structures in the interscalene triangle. Surgeons, radiologists, anesthesiologists and others involved in these areas should be cognizant of such variations in order to make the correct diagnosis, apply the appropriate procedure and institute the proper treatment for a better clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84743645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).132-133
Robert Caulkins, Kelly Atkins, Nicholas B. Washmuth, Shi Wei, De-bin Wang
Osteochondromas comprise a significant portion of bony tumors and occur most frequently in the metaphyses of long bones, specifically the femur (30%), tibia (15-20%) and humerus (10-20%). While typically benign, they are of clinical importance as they can impinge surrounding structures such as nerves, ligaments, or blood vessels. We report here a novel case of a cranial osteochondroma found during cadaveric dissection in a graduate anatomy course in the Department of Physical Therapy, to our knowledge the first published example of an osteochondroma located on the external skull.
{"title":"Osteochondroma of the Skull: A Case Report","authors":"Robert Caulkins, Kelly Atkins, Nicholas B. Washmuth, Shi Wei, De-bin Wang","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).132-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).132-133","url":null,"abstract":"Osteochondromas comprise a significant portion of bony tumors and occur most frequently in the metaphyses of long bones, specifically the femur (30%), tibia (15-20%) and humerus (10-20%). While typically benign, they are of clinical importance as they can impinge surrounding structures such as nerves, ligaments, or blood vessels. We report here a novel case of a cranial osteochondroma found during cadaveric dissection in a graduate anatomy course in the Department of Physical Therapy, to our knowledge the first published example of an osteochondroma located on the external skull.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80570232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).108-109
Manu Krishnan.k
Extensor indices are a narrow muscle, which lies medial and parallel to extensor pollicis longus muscle. It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna, distal to extensor pollicis longus and also the adjoining interosseous membrane. The tendon is formed just proximal to the wrist and passes under the extensor retinaculum in the fourth compartment with the tendon of extensor digitiorum.
{"title":"An Anatomical Variation Of Extensor Indices Muscle: A Case Report","authors":"Manu Krishnan.k","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).108-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).108-109","url":null,"abstract":"Extensor indices are a narrow muscle, which lies medial and parallel to extensor pollicis longus muscle. It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna, distal to extensor pollicis longus and also the adjoining interosseous membrane. The tendon is formed just proximal to the wrist and passes under the extensor retinaculum in the fourth compartment with the tendon of extensor digitiorum.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).159-162
A. Armstrong, Carson Dangberg, Luke Vest, Alessio Beffa, D. Daly, Yun-xi Tan
In an 87-year-old male cadaver received through the Gift Body Program at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, a common arterial trunk arose from the third part of the left axillary artery (AA) that divided into the subscapular artery (SA) and a common stem for the deep brachial artery (DBA), the anterior humeral circumflex artery (AHCA), and the posterior humeral circumflex artery (PHCA). Both the SA and AHCA appeared normal. The PHCA traveled through the quadrangular space and gave off the radial collateral artery (RCA) in the posterior arm which anastomosed with the radial recurrent artery. The DBA traveled through the triangular interval and continued as the middle collateral artery (MCA) in the posterior arm to anastomose with the interosseous recurrent artery. Lastly, the medial and lateral cord contributions to the median nerve formed posteriorly to the AA. Knowing anatomical variation of the AA has clinical and embryological significance.
{"title":"A unique lpsilateral axillary artery variation","authors":"A. Armstrong, Carson Dangberg, Luke Vest, Alessio Beffa, D. Daly, Yun-xi Tan","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).159-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).159-162","url":null,"abstract":"In an 87-year-old male cadaver received through the Gift Body Program at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, a common arterial trunk arose from the third part of the left axillary artery (AA) that divided into the subscapular artery (SA) and a common stem for the deep brachial artery (DBA), the anterior humeral circumflex artery (AHCA), and the posterior humeral circumflex artery (PHCA). Both the SA and AHCA appeared normal. The PHCA traveled through the quadrangular space and gave off the radial collateral artery (RCA) in the posterior arm which anastomosed with the radial recurrent artery. The DBA traveled through the triangular interval and continued as the middle collateral artery (MCA) in the posterior arm to anastomose with the interosseous recurrent artery. Lastly, the medial and lateral cord contributions to the median nerve formed posteriorly to the AA. Knowing anatomical variation of the AA has clinical and embryological significance.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86609003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).188-190
Y. Mansour, Y. Kulesza
The sympathetic chain serves as a major hub for distribution of both sensory and motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands throughout the entire body. The sympathetic chain, along its course from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx, includes numerous ganglia that house cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons. The cervical portion of the sympathetic chain includes superior, middle, inferior/stellate and vertebral ganglia. As a group, these ganglia are subject to significant anatomical variation in their location and even presence. While the superior cervical ganglion appears to be the most consistent of these ganglia, there remains a discrepancy in the literature. Specifically, the superior cervical ganglion has been reported to be doubled but this appears to have been perpetuated without clear documentation. This discrepancy was brought to our attention during a detailed dissection of the retropharyngeal region that exposed the superior cervical ganglion and structures at the skull base, including what appeared to be a ganglion anterior to the carotid sheath. This dissection matched exactly the earliest report of a doubled superior cervical ganglion. However, histological examination revealed the mass anterior to the carotid sheath to be a retropharyngeal lymph node. Based on this finding, consistent with large-scale studies of the cervical sympathetic chain, we posit the original observation was of a lymph node and not a doubled superior cervical ganglion.
{"title":"A Case of Mistaken Identity: Doubled Superior Cervical Ganglia","authors":"Y. Mansour, Y. Kulesza","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).188-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).188-190","url":null,"abstract":"The sympathetic chain serves as a major hub for distribution of both sensory and motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands throughout the entire body. The sympathetic chain, along its course from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx, includes numerous ganglia that house cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons. The cervical portion of the sympathetic chain includes superior, middle, inferior/stellate and vertebral ganglia. As a group, these ganglia are subject to significant anatomical variation in their location and even presence. While the superior cervical ganglion appears to be the most consistent of these ganglia, there remains a discrepancy in the literature. Specifically, the superior cervical ganglion has been reported to be doubled but this appears to have been perpetuated without clear documentation. This discrepancy was brought to our attention during a detailed dissection of the retropharyngeal region that exposed the superior cervical ganglion and structures at the skull base, including what appeared to be a ganglion anterior to the carotid sheath. This dissection matched exactly the earliest report of a doubled superior cervical ganglion. However, histological examination revealed the mass anterior to the carotid sheath to be a retropharyngeal lymph node. Based on this finding, consistent with large-scale studies of the cervical sympathetic chain, we posit the original observation was of a lymph node and not a doubled superior cervical ganglion.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72751172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.21.14.128
Kresak Giorg
{"title":"Radiology to Identify Hard Injuries in Patients with Reverse Knee Osteoarthritis","authors":"Kresak Giorg","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.21.14.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.21.14.128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87286733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).138-139
S. Madhyastha
Developing proof proposes that a wide scope of conduct oddities in individuals with chemical imbalance range disorder(ASD) can be connected with morphological and utilitarian changes in the cerebrum. Nonetheless, the neuroanatomicalunderpinnings of ASD have been examined utilizing either underlying attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) ordiffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the connections between irregularities uncovered by these two modalities re-primary hazy
{"title":"Linked Alterations in Gray and White Matter Morphology in Adults Withhigh-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"S. Madhyastha","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).138-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(6).138-139","url":null,"abstract":"Developing proof proposes that a wide scope of conduct oddities in individuals with chemical imbalance range disorder(ASD) can be connected with morphological and utilitarian changes in the cerebrum. Nonetheless, the neuroanatomicalunderpinnings of ASD have been examined utilizing either underlying attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) ordiffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the connections between irregularities uncovered by these two modalities re-primary hazy","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84600039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).111-113
JI Quiñones-Rodríguez, R. Amador, Silvestrini
Precise clinical knowledge of liver anatomy is required to perform a hepatectomy, in both open and laparoscopic surgery. Accessory liver lobes (ALL) are anatomical variations involving supernumerary lobes in the liver. Although their origin is not entirely understood, hypotheses for the embryological processes resulting in an ALL include hyperplastic anomaly during embryological development or formation because of increased intraabdominal tension from trauma or surgery. In most cases, the accessory lobe is located inferior to the liver. Riedel’s lobe is the best-known example of an accessory lobe, corresponding to hypertrophy of liver segments V and VI. In this report, we presented the case of an elderly female cadaver who showed an atypical ALL left variant attached through an accessory ligament. Therefore, we discuss the gross morphology, histopathology, and clinical and surgical implications to improve future patient outcomes.
{"title":"A Comprehensive View into a Novel, Accessory Liver Lobe","authors":"JI Quiñones-Rodríguez, R. Amador, Silvestrini","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).111-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).111-113","url":null,"abstract":"Precise clinical knowledge of liver anatomy is required to perform a hepatectomy, in both open and laparoscopic surgery. Accessory liver lobes (ALL) are anatomical variations involving supernumerary lobes in the liver. Although their origin is not entirely understood, hypotheses for the embryological processes resulting in an ALL include hyperplastic anomaly during embryological development or formation because of increased intraabdominal tension from trauma or surgery. In most cases, the accessory lobe is located inferior to the liver. Riedel’s lobe is the best-known example of an accessory lobe, corresponding to hypertrophy of liver segments V and VI. In this report, we presented the case of an elderly female cadaver who showed an atypical ALL left variant attached through an accessory ligament. Therefore, we discuss the gross morphology, histopathology, and clinical and surgical implications to improve future patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81010459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).191-192
Jayashree Tambrallimath
Aims and objectives: It is very important for radiologists and surgeons to update knowledge of normal and variant liver morphology before diagnosing any liver diseases. Methods: 50 formalin fixed livers were utilized for the studying the morphological variations of livers. Results: In the present study, 20 livers were normal and 30 livers showed morphological variations out of which 6 livers were with accessory lobes, 8 with accessory fissures, 6 with lingular process and 5 with diaphragmatic sulci. Conclusion: This study highlights presence of morphological variations, whose knowledge is important for surgeons and radiologists.
{"title":"Study of Morphological Variations of Liver and it's Clinical Significance","authors":"Jayashree Tambrallimath","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).191-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(4).191-192","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and objectives: It is very important for radiologists and surgeons to update knowledge of normal and variant liver morphology before diagnosing any liver diseases. Methods: 50 formalin fixed livers were utilized for the studying the morphological variations of livers. Results: In the present study, 20 livers were normal and 30 livers showed morphological variations out of which 6 livers were with accessory lobes, 8 with accessory fissures, 6 with lingular process and 5 with diaphragmatic sulci. Conclusion: This study highlights presence of morphological variations, whose knowledge is important for surgeons and radiologists.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74724455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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