Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).116-119
B. Sontakke, Deshmukh Vd, Kirubhan, T. Gugapriya, Muthiyan Gm, Tarnekar Am
Art of embalming as practiced by Egyptians about 3000 years ago transformed into embalming science of modern ages with the use of formaldehyde as a preservative solution. Subsequently, the search for an ideal embalming preservative solution continues to date because of the health hazards related to formaldehyde preservation of cadavers. Alternative preservative methods and solutions suitable for making different skill training models with the specific requirements of pliability have also experimented. The literature had documented various solutions like Thiel’s solution and technique, phenoxyethanol preservation, saturated sodium chloride solution, cryopreservation, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, Ethanol–glycerin and Fix 4life solution as alternatives to formaldehyde preservation. This review is an attempt to have an overview comparison of all the recent alternate embalming methods applicable for developing skill training cadaveric models with an aim of reducing formaldehyde usage in preservation.
{"title":"Workable cadaveric preservation for developing skills training models- a review","authors":"B. Sontakke, Deshmukh Vd, Kirubhan, T. Gugapriya, Muthiyan Gm, Tarnekar Am","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).116-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(7).116-119","url":null,"abstract":"Art of embalming as practiced by Egyptians about 3000 years ago transformed into embalming science of modern ages with the use of formaldehyde as a preservative solution. Subsequently, the search for an ideal embalming preservative solution continues to date because of the health hazards related to formaldehyde preservation of cadavers. Alternative preservative methods and solutions suitable for making different skill training models with the specific requirements of pliability have also experimented. The literature had documented various solutions like Thiel’s solution and technique, phenoxyethanol preservation, saturated sodium chloride solution, cryopreservation, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, Ethanol–glycerin and Fix 4life solution as alternatives to formaldehyde preservation. This review is an attempt to have an overview comparison of all the recent alternate embalming methods applicable for developing skill training cadaveric models with an aim of reducing formaldehyde usage in preservation.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87733562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).163-164
S. R. Chowdhury, S. King, A. Liew, A. Arachchi
The identification of a duplicated Vas Deferens is significant during common operations such as vasectomies, groin explorations and hernioplasties. The reports are rare and incidental. Consequences of failure to identify this anomaly may yield effects such as sperm granulomas and vasovenous fistulas. We present the first publication of a duplicated vas from an Australian cadaveric dissection.
{"title":"Duplicated vas deferens identified in post-mortem analysis","authors":"S. R. Chowdhury, S. King, A. Liew, A. Arachchi","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).163-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.14(2).163-164","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of a duplicated Vas Deferens is significant during common operations such as vasectomies, groin explorations and hernioplasties. The reports are rare and incidental. Consequences of failure to identify this anomaly may yield effects such as sperm granulomas and vasovenous fistulas. We present the first publication of a duplicated vas from an Australian cadaveric dissection.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88124711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.82
J. Bonatto-Costa, D. Campos, J. A. Aragão, Anna Julie De Mello Coutinho, Cecilia Emmel Araujo, A. Busatto, J. Renner, Lino Pinto de Oliveira Junior
The sphenoid bone is located in the middle cranial fossa and has a lot of structures going through its foramina. However, in a skull belonging to the collection of the anatomic laboratory of the University of Rio dos Sinos Valley, an unusual foramen was found. It was placed below the optic canal, in the body of the sphenoid bone, thus connecting the middle cranial fossa with the nasal cavity and it was not yet described in the literature. Observing this, it was decided that the next step should be a search in the collection of another two universities in the Brazilian South and one in the Northeast. The presence of the unknown foramen was checked in dry skulls with their base exposed, verifying its prevalence in the collection of the anatomic labs of the participating universities. Following the inclusion criteria, another 96 skulls were analyzed, looking for the same observed foramen, and was found in another 4 skulls, making a total of 5.15%. Among them, two had presented it unilaterally and the other three, bilaterally. Because the analysis was performed in dry skulls, it was not possible to observe probable structures that could be going through it. Knowing its existence will benefit various researchers and other professionals of the field. Future perspectives for this study will be based on the observation of this foramen in new cadavers donated to these institutions during the dissection and removal of brains to try to see what structures may be passing by it.
蝶骨位于颅中窝，有许多结构穿过它的椎间孔。然而，在Rio dos Sinos Valley大学解剖实验室收藏的头骨中，发现了一个不寻常的孔。它位于视神经管下方，位于蝶骨体内，连接中颅窝与鼻腔，文献中尚未描述。观察到这一点，决定下一步应该在巴西南部的另外两所大学和东北部的一所大学的集合中进行搜索。在干燥的头骨中检查未知孔的存在，其底部暴露，证实其在参与大学解剖实验室的收集中普遍存在。按照纳入标准，对另外96个颅骨进行分析，寻找相同观察到的孔，并在另外4个颅骨中发现，总计5.15%。其中两个国家是单方面提出的，另外三个是双边提出的。因为分析是在干燥的头骨中进行的，所以不可能观察到可能穿过头骨的结构。了解它的存在将使该领域的各种研究人员和其他专业人员受益。这项研究的未来前景将基于对这些机构在解剖和移除大脑过程中捐赠的新尸体上的这个孔的观察，以试图看到什么结构可能经过它。
{"title":"Unknown foramen found in the middle cranial fossa","authors":"J. Bonatto-Costa, D. Campos, J. A. Aragão, Anna Julie De Mello Coutinho, Cecilia Emmel Araujo, A. Busatto, J. Renner, Lino Pinto de Oliveira Junior","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.82","url":null,"abstract":"The sphenoid bone is located in the middle cranial fossa and has a lot of structures going through its foramina. However, in a skull belonging to the collection of the anatomic laboratory of the University of Rio dos Sinos Valley, an unusual foramen was found. It was placed below the optic canal, in the body of the sphenoid bone, thus connecting the middle cranial fossa with the nasal cavity and it was not yet described in the literature. Observing this, it was decided that the next step should be a search in the collection of another two universities in the Brazilian South and one in the Northeast. The presence of the unknown foramen was checked in dry skulls with their base exposed, verifying its prevalence in the collection of the anatomic labs of the participating universities. Following the inclusion criteria, another 96 skulls were analyzed, looking for the same observed foramen, and was found in another 4 skulls, making a total of 5.15%. Among them, two had presented it unilaterally and the other three, bilaterally. Because the analysis was performed in dry skulls, it was not possible to observe probable structures that could be going through it. Knowing its existence will benefit various researchers and other professionals of the field. Future perspectives for this study will be based on the observation of this foramen in new cadavers donated to these institutions during the dissection and removal of brains to try to see what structures may be passing by it.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82728552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.17
K. M. Oliveira, A. M. Scheffer, Dayeni Massardi Romualdo, E. D. A. Meggiolaro, Karina Vitória do Nascimento, M. F. S. Oliveira, Carlos Alberto Carranza López, E. F. Ponte, J. Silva, C. B. Breder
Vascular variations are common and disseminated in the specialized literature, for practical reasons due to semiological and surgical possibilities, which provides safe procedures, innovative techniques and minimal iatrogenic. The arterial variations of the abdomen, mainly the visceral, are a chapter apart from the descriptive anatomy and are highly complex. The arterial variant this article consisted of the origin of the right colic artery from the right branch of the middle colic artery. This led us, at first, to consider, by misinterpretation of this distribution architecture, as a common arterial trunk between the middle colic artery and the right colic artery. Thus, considering the various interpretations and their possible intercurrences in surgical procedures associated with this type of finding, we concluded the need for comprehensive studies that can more accurately assess the variations associated with the right colic artery and massify the terminologies related to it.
{"title":"An unusual origin of the right colic artery from the right branch of middle colic artery - case report","authors":"K. M. Oliveira, A. M. Scheffer, Dayeni Massardi Romualdo, E. D. A. Meggiolaro, Karina Vitória do Nascimento, M. F. S. Oliveira, Carlos Alberto Carranza López, E. F. Ponte, J. Silva, C. B. Breder","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.17","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular variations are common and disseminated in the specialized literature, for practical reasons due to semiological and surgical possibilities, which provides safe procedures, innovative techniques and minimal iatrogenic. The arterial variations of the abdomen, mainly the visceral, are a chapter apart from the descriptive anatomy and are highly complex. The arterial variant this article consisted of the origin of the right colic artery from the right branch of the middle colic artery. This led us, at first, to consider, by misinterpretation of this distribution architecture, as a common arterial trunk between the middle colic artery and the right colic artery. Thus, considering the various interpretations and their possible intercurrences in surgical procedures associated with this type of finding, we concluded the need for comprehensive studies that can more accurately assess the variations associated with the right colic artery and massify the terminologies related to it.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78305547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.1-3
Y. Mansour, Y. Kulesza
The thyroid gland and branches from the subclavian and external carotid arteries are individually subject to a fair degree of anatomical variation. Some of these variants are relatively common, occurring in 10-20% of individuals while others are extremely rare. Recognizing the possible occurrence of such variants is important in surgical procedures as a significant number of malpractice cases appear to result from failure to recognize common anatomical variants. Herein, we describe the presence of numerous anatomical variants involving the thyroid gland and cervical vasculature in the neck of a 76-year-old female cadaver. We found bilateral variants of the vertebral artery, multiple variants of the thyroid vasculature and a pyramidal lobe replete with skeletal muscle. The co-occurrence of these variants results in an extremely rare anatomical pattern in the neck.
{"title":"Multiple rare anatomical variants: Lessons from one neck","authors":"Y. Mansour, Y. Kulesza","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The thyroid gland and branches from the subclavian and external carotid arteries are individually subject to a fair degree of anatomical variation. Some of these variants are relatively common, occurring in 10-20% of individuals while others are extremely rare. Recognizing the possible occurrence of such variants is important in surgical procedures as a significant number of malpractice cases appear to result from failure to recognize common anatomical variants. Herein, we describe the presence of numerous anatomical variants involving the thyroid gland and cervical vasculature in the neck of a 76-year-old female cadaver. We found bilateral variants of the vertebral artery, multiple variants of the thyroid vasculature and a pyramidal lobe replete with skeletal muscle. The co-occurrence of these variants results in an extremely rare anatomical pattern in the neck.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81513860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.68
A. D. Russa
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) are common and frequently fatal especially in neonates. In the adults they may cause no overt symptoms, but case of respiratory disorders is not uncommon. Globally, there is an enormous amount of clinical literature on CDH but in African the literature is scant and fragmented whereas the literature of anatomical and developmental significance is almost absent. The lack of African literature may entail a clue on the causation and genetics. The Bochdalek hernia is the most common type of all CHD Hernias. The present work reports a case of massive Bochdalek hernia observed during the cadaveric dissection classes of the medical students at the Muhimbil University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The work examines the anatomical, developmental and clinical importance a black Tanzanian male cadaver presenting with a massive Bochdalek hernia case. We conclude that CDH may go undiagnosed while causing morbidity to the patients. We also review the literature on the causation, development and functional anatomy.
{"title":"A rare case of adult Bochdalek hernia in Tanzania: Presentation and review of the functional anatomy and embryological basis","authors":"A. D. Russa","doi":"10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1308-4038.20.13.68","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) are common and frequently fatal especially in neonates. In the adults they may cause no overt symptoms, but case of respiratory disorders is not uncommon. Globally, there is an enormous amount of clinical literature on CDH but in African the literature is scant and fragmented whereas the literature of anatomical and developmental significance is almost absent. The lack of African literature may entail a clue on the causation and genetics. The Bochdalek hernia is the most common type of all CHD Hernias. The present work reports a case of massive Bochdalek hernia observed during the cadaveric dissection classes of the medical students at the Muhimbil University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The work examines the anatomical, developmental and clinical importance a black Tanzanian male cadaver presenting with a massive Bochdalek hernia case. We conclude that CDH may go undiagnosed while causing morbidity to the patients. We also review the literature on the causation, development and functional anatomy.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90365305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The possible presence of the precondylar tubercle should be considered in order to avoid misinterpretation in radiographic images or confusion during surgical intervention. This study examines dry skulls in order to describe and report the frequency of the precondylar tubercle and similar variations at the anterior margin of foramen magnum. Axial CT was used to demonstrate the appearance of bilaterally prominent precondylar tubercles in one skull. Precondylar tubercles were observed in 10% of the skulls. Other simulating observations included the presence of a midline spur, bilateral depression anteromedial to the occipital condyles, third occipital condyle, and a partly divided occipital condyle. Most of these variations were associated with septation of the hypoglossal canal. The presence of a mere precondylar tubercle is not expected to produce neurological manifestations, but its possible association with other variations should be considered.
{"title":"Anatomical and clinical correlates of the precondylar tubercle","authors":"A. Jaffar","doi":"10.4322/jms.061513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/jms.061513","url":null,"abstract":"The possible presence of the precondylar tubercle should be considered in order to avoid misinterpretation in radiographic images or confusion during surgical intervention. This study examines dry skulls in order to describe and report the frequency of the precondylar tubercle and similar variations at the anterior margin of foramen magnum. Axial CT was used to demonstrate the appearance of bilaterally prominent precondylar tubercles in one skull. Precondylar tubercles were observed in 10% of the skulls. Other simulating observations included the presence of a midline spur, bilateral depression anteromedial to the occipital condyles, third occipital condyle, and a partly divided occipital condyle. Most of these variations were associated with septation of the hypoglossal canal. The presence of a mere precondylar tubercle is not expected to produce neurological manifestations, but its possible association with other variations should be considered.","PeriodicalId":94045,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cadaveric studies and anatomical variations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79642206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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