Journal of cancer research and therapeutics最新文献

Objectives: To compare the effects of different adjuvant treatments for different pathological types of early-stage cervical cancer post-surgery.

Materials and methods: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I-II squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC), and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) who underwent hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) from 2004 to 2015 in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program database were analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates were compared.

Results: A total of 5444 cases were included. ADC had the highest 5-year overall survival (OS) and cervical carcinoma-specific survival (CCSS) rates, followed by SCC and ASC. No significant difference in prognosis was noted among the three histological subtypes when treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). However, the survival benefit for ASC was significantly lower than that for SCC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.625; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.024-2.579; P = 0.039) when treated with RT alone. The prognosis of FIGO stage I patients was significantly better with RT than with CRT (HR, 0.766; 95% CI, 0.622-0.943; P = 0.012). No significant differences in CCSS were observed between patients (stages I and II) treated with external beam RT (EBRT) and EBRT + intracavity brachytherapy.

Conclusion: No significant differences in OS and CCSS were observed among the three histological subtypes. The prognosis of ASC patients who received CRT was better than that of those who received RT alone. Patients with stage I tumors could obtain better survival with RT alone. The addition of brachytherapy to EBRT yielded no benefits across the three histological subtypes.

Abstract: Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by rapid progression. It infrequently involves the adrenal glands and exhibits swift advancement. A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with bilateral renal pain. The patient was diagnosed with adrenal NKTCL by puncture biopsy and subsequently underwent a modified SMILE chemotherapy regimen at our institution. During the initial stages of chemotherapy, the patient experienced myelosuppression, which resulted in a severe infection, shock, and eventual death. The SMILE regimen is associated with adverse effects and carries the risk of fatality due to complications related to chemotherapy. Therefore, there is an immediate need for novel chemotherapy regimens that demonstrate efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.

Background: To date, the optimal sequence of systemic therapy (ST) and surgical resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of different ST approaches when combined with surgery.

Subject and methods: Data on GISTs were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The patients were divided into three groups: preoperative ST, postoperative ST, and their combination. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to analyze risk factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier method was employed to compare survival differences in OS and CSS. To minimize the confounding factors, a 1:1:1 propensity score matching method was used. The results of the subgroup analyses were displayed using forest plots.

Results: Among the 3774 patients, 518 (13.7%) received preoperative ST, 2799 (74.2%) received postoperative ST, and 457 (12.1%) received combined therapy. The median survival times were 42, 60, and 41 months for the preoperative ST, postoperative ST, and combined therapy groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant differences in OS and CSS among the groups before and after matching. Cox regression analysis, with adjustment for variables, revealed no survival advantage among the groups. Subgroup analyses showed that male patients, patients with localized disease, and patients with a tumor size <75 mm could achieve an OS benefit from postoperative ST (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Surgery-based systemic therapies provide a comparable long-term survival prognosis for patients with GISTs. In addition, some patients may achieve an OS benefit from postoperative ST.

Abstract: Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer characterized by poor prognosis and lack of treatment guidance. It is notably resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Currently, immunotherapy is becoming a promising option for multiple tumor types, including triple-negative breast cancer. This report presents a case of triple-negative MpBC that achieved a complete response with a combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We examined the tumor's imaging and histological features, along with the treatment regimen and efficacy. Notably, no major toxicities related to immunotherapy were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating the effectiveness of lambrolizumab in combination with the GP chemotherapy regimen for treating triple-negative breast cancer in general and specifically metastatic MpBC.

Background: Disulfidptosis and ferroptosis, newly identified forms of cell death, have attracted widespread attention; however, their relationship with ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis remains unclear.

Methods: We constructed a multivariate Cox risk signature comprising three key genes: CREB3, PIEZO1, and SLC7A11. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on the optimal cutoff value of the risk score. Subsequently, survival analysis was conducted in the training group (TCGA-OV) and external databases (GSE26712 and GSE63885), with the predictive efficiency of the risk signature evaluated through ROC curves.

Results: Prognosis was significantly better for patients in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Compared to single clinical features such as age and stage, the risk score had the highest diagnostic value for prognostic evaluation. Based on gene function and pathway analyses, differential genes were found to be related to oxidative stress. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that risk scores were associated with immunosuppressive cells such as M2 macrophages. Finally, the protein expression levels of the key gene CREB3 in OC tissues were evaluated in vitro.

Conclusion: This study might provide significant value for exploring the relationship between disulfidptosis-related ferroptosis genes and OC, and its results may provide insights on new therapeutic targets for OC.

Abstract: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an innovative cancer treatment modality that selectively eliminates tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. Clinical studies have explored its application across various malignancies, including malignant gliomas, meningiomas, pediatric tumors, head and neck cancers, and melanomas. However, despite its therapeutic potential, BNCT is associated with various adverse effects that differ depending on the tumor type, neutron source, boron delivery agent, and treatment protocol. These adverse reactions pose significant challenges to the broader clinical implementation of this approach. This review systematically examines the adverse effects of BNCT observed in clinical studies, focusing on their underlying mechanisms, contributing factors, and tumor-specific variations. Additionally, it highlights current strategies for managing and preventing these effects and emphasizes the need for further research to address unresolved challenges. This article aims to provide comprehensive insights into the adverse effects of BNCT, supporting the development of safer and more effective treatment protocols and ultimately advancing their role in precision oncology.

Background: Map-like redness (MLR) is a high-risk membrane factor for early gastric cancer (EGC) after the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). This study aimed to analyze the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics of EGC with surrounding MLR after successful Hp eradication and evaluate the effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resection.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 23 patients with EGC and surrounding MLR after Hp eradication (MLR group) and 135 patients with EGC without a surrounding MLR (non-MLR; NMLR group). The clinical, pathological, and endoscopic characteristics were compared, and the effect of ESD resection was evaluated.

Results: A total of 158 patients were enrolled (age range: 41-77 years). The MLR group had a higher proportion of males (P = 0.020) and more severe atrophy (P = 0.003) and intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.007) than the NMLR group. The endoscopic features of the MLR group included localization in the middle part of the stomach (P < 0.001), a red color (P = 0.002), a larger size (P = 0.015), a greater proportion of type IIb tumors (P < 0.001), and unclear lesion borders (P < 0.001) compared to the NMLR group. Differentiated adenocarcinoma was the main histological type in the MLR group (P = 0.023). No significant difference in curative resection rates was observed between the groups.

Conclusion: The MLR group presented with a greater risk of pathological upgrading after ESD. The findings indicate that ESD is most effective for treating EGC with adjacent MLR after Hp eradication.

Abstract: Primary retroperitoneal transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) are very rare tumors arising from the urogenital ridge remnants. Till date only eight cases have been reported. Recently, we treated a patient who presented with an advanced, large tumor with major vascular infiltration with chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgery. Though preoperative imaging did not show much response, the tumor could be resected completely along with the left kidney and part of the abdominal wall. Final histopathological examination revealed no viable tumor in the entire specimen. This case report details the clinical and management aspects of such a rare tumor with a review of the previously reported cases.

Aim: This study evaluated predictors and treatment of isolated vulvar recurrence (IVR) in patients with stage I-II tumors locally confined to the vulva.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with stage I-II vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) who underwent surgery for vulvar cancer between 2005 and 2021. The IVR group comprised patients with stage I-II tumors at the time of initial diagnosis who developed recurrence confined to the vulvar region after initial treatment.

Results: This study included 416 patients with early-stage (stage I-II) VSCC. IVR was developed in 67 (16.1%) patients; the remaining 349 patients were included in the control group. Independent predictors of IVR were depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and positive surgical margins. Among patients with tumors confined to the vulva at the time of initial diagnosis, the 5-year overall survival rates were 59.0% and 87.0% in the IVR and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). In the IVR group, the cumulative rates of local relapse were 38.8% in the first year, 58.2% in the second year, and 74.6% in the third year.

Conclusion: Independent predictors of IVR in early-stage VSCC were depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and positive surgical margins. Approximately two-thirds of local recurrences occurred in the first 3 years after treatment.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common malignancy, frequently metastasizing to the liver, lungs, and regional lymph nodes. However, metastasis to the scrotum is exceedingly rare, with few cases reported in the literature. In this study, we present a series of five cases of CRC metastasizing to the scrotum, emphasizing their unusual clinical presentation and late recurrences.

Methods: We did a retrospective review of 7 years from 2015 to 2022 for cases of scrotal metastasis in cases of CRC.

Results: The mean age in our study was 38 years (22-61 years) and the median time interval between the primary diagnosis and scrotal metastasis was 31.6 months (0-104 months). The cases include scrotal swelling initially misdiagnosed as a hydrocele (case 1), nonhealing cutaneous ulcers (cases 3 and 5), a scrotal skin papilloma (case 4), and a cutaneous nodule (case 2).

Conclusion: This series of five cases highlights the rarity and diagnostic challenges associated with CRC metastasizing to the scrotum. The extended latency between primary tumor diagnosis and scrotal metastasis, coupled with atypical clinical presentations, underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion. Clinicians should be vigilant, especially when evaluating patients with a history of CRC, to promptly identify such uncommon metastatic sites.