Journal of forensic nursing最新文献

Background: Compared with the general population, prison inmates show a higher prevalence of mental disorders, particularly among those with childhood traumas. Despite childhood traumas being robust indicators of poor mental health, there is limited research on their relationship with prisoners' attitudes toward seeking psychological help. This study investigates the impact of childhood traumas on prisoners' attitudes toward help-seeking and self-stigmatization.

Methods: This cross-sectional, explanatory study was conducted with 250 persons in prison. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help Scale, and the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS Version 28.

Results: A significant link was found between childhood traumas and self-stigmatization in seeking psychological help. Positive attitudes toward help-seeking were significantly associated with increased self-stigmatization. Childhood traumas were significantly related to single-parent families, conflicted intrafamilial relationships, entering prison at the age of 19 years or older, mental health issues, and behavioral disorders. Moreover, a meaningful association was observed between self-stigmatization in help-seeking and being from a single-parent family with a low socioeconomic status.

Conclusion: In conclusion, imprisoned persons with childhood traumas exhibit higher levels of self-stigmatization in seeking psychological help, contributing to negative attitudes. Recommendations for adequate access to mental health services in prisons include fostering a culture of psychological help, enhancing mental health literacy, providing trauma-informed care, and developing comprehensive strategies. In addition, the suggestion is made for the development of societal reintegration programs.

Introduction: Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) provide specialized medical forensic care to survivors of sexual assault, often working in stressful conditions, with routine exposure to the traumatic experiences of their patients. SANEs experience high levels of both vicarious trauma and burnout.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to describe the development of a SANE support application, accessible to all SANEs, that utilizes self-care and positive coping strategies to enhance SANE resilience and thereby reduce burnout.

Methods: The conceptual framework for the SANE support application was psychological first aid, an evidence-informed, manualized intervention to assist individuals in the immediate aftermath of exposure to potentially traumatic events. Focus groups with SANEs informed the content of the application named "SANE Well."

Result: SANE Well delivers these helpful coping elements within an easy-to-use, mobile platform, at no cost. User testing during two SANE clinical skills laboratory trainings revealed the app had smooth and efficient functionality and meets its intended goals without unnecessary complexities.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need for SANEs to protect their well-being while they care for individuals who have experienced sexual assault. The SANE Well application offers a novel way to provide and encourage positive coping strategies for nurses to reduce burnout.

Abstract: When trafficked patients are identified in the healthcare setting, clinical forensic examiners, including sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), may be consulted to provide medical care and to collect forensic evidence. However, using a standard sexual assault protocol and documentation form may not completely identify or address the unique needs of these patients. Our SANE program sought to improve the healthcare approach to trafficked patients by developing a trafficking-specific documentation flowsheet. The goal of this quality improvement project was to guide a clinical forensic examiner through a comprehensive examination while addressing specific patient needs and optimizing trauma-informed service delivery. We gathered several local multidisciplinary human trafficking specialists together to provide expert recommendations and feedback during the creation process. Both paper and electronic forms of the flowsheet were designed. SANEs completed the flowsheet on 22 patient encounters and filled out a utilization review survey describing their experience. Feedback data collected through the utilization review process guided further modifications to the flowsheet, which were then implemented into clinical practice guidelines. We found that engaging multidisciplinary specialists and community partners both enhanced the effectiveness of the flowsheet and supported the learning needs of our SANEs. We recommend that clinical forensic programs that wish to develop a similar flowsheet collaborate with local professional agencies to meet the unique needs of the populations within their catchment area and use examiner feedback to maximize the usefulness of the flowsheet.

Introduction: The relationship between sexual violence (SV) experiences and suicidal ideation (SI) is known. However, when applied to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and more (LGBTQ+) populations, the impact that experiences with SV have on the severity and magnitude of SI continues to be explored. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to summarize the current literature related to SI experienced by LGBTQ+ adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have experienced SV.

Methods: Studies were found by searching electronic databases. To be included in the review, the study must have (a) been written in the English language, (b) been conducted in the United States, (c) presented empirical data, (d) been exclusively focused on LGBTQ+ AYAs, (e) focused on experiences with SV or have analyses separate from other types of violence, and (f) investigated suicidality as an outcome. All relevant studies published to date were included. Forty-one articles were retrieved for full-text review, of which five were determined to meet eligibility.

Results: LGBTQ+ AYAs were significantly associated with increased rates of SI compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers. LGBTQ+ AYAs were also associated with higher rates of SV victimization, ranging from intimate partner violence to previous child sexual abuse. Higher rates of depression were also associated with the population studied in each included article.

Conclusion: The relationship between SV and SI in this population is not well studied, as highlighted through this completed review. Targeting this knowledge gap through future research can lead to intervention development for this population niche.

Background: Sexual violence by an intimate partner or by a stranger remains highly prevalent in the United States. Yet, the use of post-sexual-assault health care is still underutilized. Persons in vulnerable populations such as immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and Black women may experience additional barriers to care.

Objective: We sought to determine the extant research in this area, the methodologies used, and whether specific barriers exist for seeking sexual assault services. We sought to understand if barriers differed for vulnerable populations.

Inclusion criteria: Peer-reviewed literature published before September 2023, written in English, conducted in the United States, and that included survivors of sexual violence and explored barriers to seeking care postassault (i.e., sexual assault nurse examiners) were included in the review.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews protocols were followed. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PTSDpubs databases were used to identify literature that met the inclusion criteria, from which we selected 14 publications.

Results: Much of the literature employed qualitative or mixed methods designs. Several studies focused on underserved minority groups, including immigrant women, Black women, and homeless youth. Common barriers existed on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal levels.

Conclusion: The literature provided substantive context for the multilevel barriers, all contributing to survivors remaining silent rather than seeking much-needed help. Although there is a need for additional research on barriers to sexual assault services specifically, the extant research supports strengthening multilevel, alternative approaches to deliver much-needed services.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a preventable national public health problem that results in adverse health consequences. Research suggests youth experiencing CSA are often of school age. Screening for early detection of health issues is integral to school nurse (SN) practice. Still, there is little evidence that routine screening when CSA is suspected is occurring in schools, despite recommendations that it should be. Lack of confidence and knowledge related to screening and reporting for CSA contribute to a SN's missed opportunity for early intervention.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe SNs' knowledge and self-efficacy associated with screening for and reporting suspected CSA in school settings.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. The Child Abuse Report Intention Scale was sent to over 2,000 members of the National Association of School Nurses.

Results: Among SN respondents ( N = 123), the main findings showed almost half reported being concerned a youth was experiencing CSA but may have missed identifying it. Self-efficacy and professional responsibility were predictors of SNs' intention to screen as well as knowledge about obvious and serious signs of abuse were predictors of SNs' intention to report in this sample.

Implications: An educational partnership between forensic nurse examiners and SNs can facilitate improving SNs' knowledge about nonspecific physical and behavioral indicators of abuse that are not overtly obvious. The development of a screening tool specific for use by SNs can empower their confidence to screen by providing a resource for them to use as a guide when they are uncertain about the evidence.